Sistem dan Struktur Politik dan Ekonomi Indonesia Masa Demokrasi Parlementer (1950-1959)

Summary

This video explores Indonesia's political and economic landscape during the parliamentary democracy era from 1950 to 1959. It details the transition back to a unitary state, the rise of liberal democracy marked by a competitive multi-party system, and the significant 1955 elections. Key cabinets and political parties are highlighted, alongside the challenges they faced. Economically, the focus was on transitioning from colonial structures to a national economy, emphasizing support for indigenous businesses amid various challenges, including misuse of import licenses. Ultimately, the period reflects Indonesia's struggle for political stability and economic reform.

Takeaways

• 🇮🇩 Indonesia transitioned back to a unitary state in August 1950 after the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.
• 📜 The temporary constitution of 1950 marked the beginning of liberal democracy in Indonesia, characterized by numerous competing political parties.
• 💼 The parliamentary cabinet system allowed for frequent changes in government, with multiple cabinets from 1950 to 1959, including Natsir, Sukiman, and Djuanda cabinets.
• 🗳️ The first general elections in 1955 were held in two stages, resulting in significant victories for parties like PNI, Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama, and PKI.
• 🏛️ The Constituent Assembly faced difficulties in drafting a new constitution, leading to a push for a return to the 1945 Constitution by President Sukarno.
• 🗓️ On July 5, 1959, President Sukarno issued a decree to dissolve the Constituent Assembly and reinstate the 1945 Constitution.
• 💰 The 1950s economic thought aimed to shift from a colonial economy to a national economy, focusing on empowering indigenous entrepreneurs.
• 🛠️ The Natsir Cabinet's economic program aimed to safeguard indigenous business interests, although it faced challenges like misuse of import licenses.
• 🔄 The government attempted to address economic issues through short-term measures, including monetary reforms led by Finance Minister Syafrudin.
• 🏭 Nationalization of foreign companies, such as De Javasche Bank, aimed to strengthen the Indonesian economy and reduce foreign dominance.

Q & A

What significant political change occurred in Indonesia in August 1950?

In August 1950, the Republic of Indonesia Serikat was dissolved, and Indonesia re-established itself as a unitary state, transitioning to the Interim Constitution of 1950.

What characterized the liberal democracy period in Indonesia from 1950 to 1959?

The liberal democracy period was characterized by a multiparty system where various political parties competed for power, leading to frequent changes in the cabinet.

What were the names of some cabinets formed during the liberal democracy period?

Some of the cabinets formed during this period included Cabinet Natsir, Cabinet Sukiman, Cabinet Wilopo, Cabinet Ali Sastroamidjojo I & II, Cabinet Burhanuddin Harahap, and Cabinet Djuanda.

How did the political parties interact during the liberal democracy period?

Political parties often competed fiercely, with those not holding cabinet positions engaging in unhealthy opposition against the ruling parties, which created a contentious political environment.

When were the general elections held in Indonesia in 1955, and what were the two stages?

The general elections in Indonesia in 1955 were held in two stages: the first stage on September 29 for parliament members, and the second stage on December 15 for members of the Constituent Assembly.

Which political parties emerged as the dominant forces in the 1955 elections?

The dominant political parties in the 1955 elections were PNI, Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama, and PKI.

What challenges did the Constituent Assembly face between 1956 and 1959?

The Constituent Assembly faced challenges in reaching a consensus on the new constitution due to ideological conflicts among the political parties, leading to President Sukarno's proposal to revert to the 1945 Constitution.

What were the main goals of the economic policies in Indonesia during the 1950s?

The main goals of the economic policies were to transition from a colonial economy to a national economy, support indigenous entrepreneurs, and address issues of foreign dominance in the economy.

What was the 'gunting Syafruddin' policy, and what was its purpose?

The 'gunting Syafruddin' policy involved cutting the value of currency in half to combat inflation and stabilize the economy.

How did the government seek to support indigenous entrepreneurs during this period?

The government implemented programs to promote indigenous entrepreneurship, such as offering licenses for businesses and nationalizing foreign companies to encourage local investment.