Abdomen AP (KUB) View (Part - 2)

X-ray Universe

12 Apr 202408:52

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the process of conducting a CT scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It explains the patient preparation, the use of contrast materials, and the positioning of the patient on the scanning table. The script also details the various types of scans, such as erect, supine, and flank positions, and the importance of minimal movement during the scan. The use of radiopaque markers and the role of gas in the intestines for visualizing the kidneys and bladder are also highlighted. The video aims to educate viewers on the intricacies of CT scans for urinary system diagnostics.

Takeaways

🧪 The video discusses the process of performing a CT scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, providing insights into the procedure and its importance.
📍 Kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal cavity and are bean-shaped organs responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
💧 The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood, remove waste and excess water, and return essential minerals and water to the bloodstream.
🩸 The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where it is stored until it is excreted through the urethra.
🏥 Preparation for a CT scan involves the removal of metallic materials from the patient's west region to avoid artifacts in the images.
👨‍⚕️ Patients are instructed to take laxatives and follow a clear liquid diet before the examination to ensure the digestive system is clear.
🛌 Patient positioning is crucial for the CT scan, with the patient lying flat on the scanning table, centered over the table's midpoint.
🔍 The use of contrast agents may be required for better visualization of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder during the scan.
📏 Specific attention is given to the lower abdomen and the area 2 inches below the public symphysis to include the bladder in the scan's field of view.
🎥 The radiographer must ensure that the patient remains still during the scan to prevent image blurriness or overlapping.
📊 The radiographic appearance includes visualization of the entire intestine, gas shadow of the intestine, and the lower ribs to ensure proper positioning and scanning.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?
-The main focus of the video is to explain the process of performing a CT scan of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.
What is the first step in preparing a patient for a CT scan?
-The first step in preparing a patient for a CT scan involves removing all metallic materials from the west region, which includes removing the patient's clothing and any items such as coins that may interfere with the image quality.
Why is it important to give the patient a low residue diet before the examination?
-A low residue diet is preferred before the examination to minimize the bowel movements and to clear the abdomen, which helps in obtaining clear images of the abdominal organs.
What are the different types of scans that can be performed using the CT scan?
-Different types of scans that can be performed using the CT scan include an acute intestinal scan, a forensic body scan, a gastro-intestinal pen, and a urological pen.
How is the patient positioned for the CT scan of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder?
-The patient is positioned supine on the scanning table, with their mid-sagittal plane overlapping the center of the scanning table and the table's center line overlapping the patient's mid-sagittal plane.
What is the significance of the lower end of the scanning range being 2 inches below the pubic symphysis?
-The lower end of the scanning range is placed 2 inches below the pubic symphysis to ensure that the bladder is included in the scan, as it is part of the urinary system being examined.
What is the role of the radiographer in the CT scan process?
-The radiographer plays a crucial role in the CT scan process by ensuring the patient is correctly positioned, setting the scanning parameters, and capturing the images without any movement that could affect the quality of the scan.
What are the key components of the CT scan settings?
-The key components of the CT scan settings include maintaining 200 mAs, a pitch of 30 to 40 mAs, a gantry speed of 0.15 to 0.2 seconds, a focus distance of 180 cm, and using a grid if necessary.
How does the radiographer ensure the patient remains still during the scan?
-The radiographer instructs the patient to remain completely still during the scan to avoid any movement that could cause blurring or overlapping of the images.
What are the structures visualized in the radiographs shown in the video?
-The structures visualized in the radiographs include the entire intestine, the gas shadow within the intestine, the iliac crest, the lower ribs, the pubic symphysis, the kidneys, the bladder, and the ureter.
Why is it important to have a clear understanding of the patient's anatomy before performing the CT scan?
-A clear understanding of the patient's anatomy is crucial for accurately positioning the patient and setting the correct scanning parameters to ensure high-quality images that can be effectively used for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Outlines

00:00

🏥 Introduction to Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Examination

The paragraph introduces the topic of the video, which is about how a CT scan of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder is performed. It welcomes the viewers to the X-ray University channel and explains that the kidneys, ureter, and bladder are located in the retroperitoneal cavity. The main function of the kidneys is to filter blood, removing waste and returning the filtered blood to the bloodstream. The bladder stores urine produced by the kidneys. The paragraph also discusses the preparation for an abdomen, including the removal of metallic materials from the west region, and the importance of patient positioning for the scan.

05:02

📐 Positioning and Techniques for CT Scan

This paragraph delves into the specifics of patient positioning and the technical aspects of conducting a CT scan for the kidneys, ureter, and bladder. It explains the importance of capturing the correct location and angle for the scan, including the lower and upper positions for the scan. The paragraph also discusses the use of contrast, the role of the radiographer in removing shadows, and the various pen positions used in the scan, such as the floating kidney position and the stone pen if stones are present. Additionally, it touches on the use of lead shields and the importance of minimizing patient movement during the exposure to ensure clear images.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Kidney

The kidney is an essential organ in the human body responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. In the context of the video, the focus is on the function and examination of the kidney, particularly in relation to the urinary tract and bladder.

💡Ureter

The ureter is a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder and is responsible for transporting urine from the kidney to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination. In the video, the location and function of the ureter are discussed as part of the urinary system's examination.

💡Bladder

The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine produced by the kidneys until it can be excreted out of the body through the urethra. The video discusses the examination of the bladder, including its position and how it relates to other urinary system components.

💡X-ray

X-ray is a medical imaging technique that uses ionizing radiation to create images of the inside of the body. In the video, X-ray is used to visualize the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, for diagnostic purposes.

💡Abdominal Preparation

Abdominal preparation involves clearing the gastrointestinal tract to minimize interference with imaging and to improve the visibility of the urinary organs during the examination. This process is crucial for accurate X-ray imaging and is mentioned in the script as part of the patient's preparation for the examination.

💡Patient Positioning

Patient positioning refers to the process of placing the patient in a specific position to facilitate the examination or procedure. In the context of the video, proper positioning is essential for obtaining clear X-ray images of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

💡Contrast

Contrast agents are substances used in medical imaging to enhance the visibility of internal structures. In the video, contrast is likely used to improve the clarity of the X-ray images, particularly for the urinary system's examination.

💡Excretory Urography

Excretory urography is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses X-rays and a contrast medium to visualize the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. This technique is essential for detecting abnormalities, stones, or blockages within the urinary system.

💡Floating Kidney

A floating kidney, also known as a wandering kidney, is a congenital condition where one or both kidneys are not fixed in their normal position and can move within the abdominal cavity. The video discusses the examination of kidney position, including the detection of a floating kidney.

💡Stone

Stones, or calculi, are hard deposits that can form in the kidneys and other parts of the urinary system. The presence of stones can cause pain and other complications, and their detection is a key focus of the urinary system examination.

💡Radiograph

A radiograph is an image produced using X-rays, typically used in medical and dental fields to visualize internal structures. In the video, the radiograph is the resulting image from the X-ray examination of the urinary system.

Highlights

The video discusses the process of conducting a CT scan of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.

The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal cavity, with the right kidney positioned slightly lower than the left.

The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood, removing waste and excess materials to form urine.

The bladder stores urine until it is excreted, and its position is noted in the pelvic region.

Preparation for the abdomen includes removal of metallic materials from the west region to avoid interference in the image.

The patient is instructed to take a laxative diet and take clear fluids the night before the examination.

During the patient's preparation, all metal materials are removed to prevent image capture issues.

The patient is positioned on the X-ray table with the center of the table aligned with the patient's midsagittal plane.

The arms are placed below the head, and the hands are placed under the scalene muscles to ensure proper positioning.

The lower end of the X-ray table is adjusted to include the pubic symphysis and the lower 2 inches of the sacrum.

The patient is instructed to lie still to avoid exposure during the procedure and to ensure clear imaging.

The CT scan is performed with 200 mAs, a range of 30 to 40 mAs, and a 0.15 to 0.2 second duration.

The focus is set to film distance, with an 180 cm grid applied automatically due to the posterior position.

The tube angle is not used, and the center will be at L3 or 2 inches above the midline of the sacrum.

The size of the X-ray used is 14x14 inches or 14x17 inches, depending on the patient's size.

In radiography, the diaphragm visualizes the entire intestine, and the gas shadow within the intestine is visualized.

The iliac crest is visualized in the lower part of the scan, and the lower end position is adjusted accordingly.

The radiography appearance includes the visualization of the head, pubic symphysis, hip joint, and sacroiliac joint.

The video encourages viewers to like, share, and subscribe for more radiography-related content and videos.