AN INTRODUCTION TO NANOCHEMISTRY
Summary
TLDRNanochemistry, a branch of nanoscience, focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale materials, exploring their unique properties. This field is integral to nanotechnology, a multidisciplinary technology manipulating matter at the nanometer scale to produce structures with novel characteristics. Historically, nanoparticles have been used since ancient times, and modern advancements such as the scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope have significantly propelled nanotechnology, making it a domain of considerable industrial relevance today.
Takeaways
- 🌟 Nanochemistry is a branch of nanoscience focusing on the chemical applications of nanomaterials in nanotechnology.
- 📐 The study involves the synthesis and characterization of materials at the nanoscale, typically around 100 nanometers in size.
- 🔍 Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that operates at the nanoscale, dealing with the manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer level.
- 🌐 The prefix 'nano' means one billionth, and a nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10^-9 meter).
- 🔬 The unique properties of nanoscale materials differ significantly from those of bulk materials or single atoms/molecules.
- 🏺 Historical use of nanoparticles dates back to ancient times, with examples like the Lycurgus Cup and Maya Blue pigment.
- 🗡️ Dumuscus steel swords from the Middle East, known for their strength and sharpness, contain nanostructures that enhance their properties.
- 🌐 Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area encompassing various academic disciplines such as chemistry, physics, bioscience, and engineering.
- 📝 Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom' is often considered a foundational inspiration for nanotechnology.
- 💡 The development of instruments like the scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope has significantly advanced nanotechnology research and applications.
Q & A
What is the definition of nanochemistry?
-Nanochemistry is the branch of nanoscience that deals with the chemical applications of nanomaterials. It involves the study of the synthesis and characterization of materials of nanoscale size, which is approximately 100 nanometers.
What does the term 'nano' mean and how is it related to scale?
-The prefix 'nano' is derived from the Greek word 'nanus', meaning 'dwarf'. It signifies one billionth, so a nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10^-9 meters).
What are some examples of objects that illustrate the range of nanoscale sizes?
-Examples include a watermelon (10 centimeters), a full stop (1 millimeter), a coin (1 centimeter), a human hair (100 micrometers), a virus (1 micrometer), a gold nanoparticle (10 nanometers), a carbon nanotube (5 nanometers), a benzene molecule (0.5 nanometer), and a water molecule (0.1 nanometer).
How have nanoparticles been used historically?
-Nanoparticles have been used since ancient times. For instance, the Lycurgus Cup is a Roman glass that contains gold and silver alloyed nanoparticles, and Mayan Blue is a pigment created using nanoparticles combined with indigo. Dumuscus steel swords from the Middle East also contain nanoscale structures that enhance their properties.
What are the unique properties that emerge in materials at the nanoscale?
-At the nanoscale, materials can exhibit unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties that differ significantly from the properties of bulk materials or single atoms or molecules.
How is nanotechnology defined and what are its interdisciplinary aspects?
-Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale. It is an interdisciplinary field involving chemistry, physics, bioscience, material science, computational engineering, colloidal science, and even mechanical and electrical engineering.
What is the significance of Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom'?
-Richard Feynman's lecture is often considered the inspiration for the field of nanotechnology. He envisioned a process where materials and devices could be fabricated by controlling matter at the atomic and molecular scale, i.e., at the nanometer level.
What was the role of the scanning tunneling microscope in the development of nanotechnology?
-The scanning tunneling microscope, developed in 1981 by Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer, allowed for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. This invention earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 and was pivotal in the advancement of nanotechnology.
How did the atomic force microscope contribute to nanotechnology?
-The atomic force microscope, invented in 1986 by Gerd Binnig and Christoph Gerber, is one of the advanced measurement tools of the nano era. It has been remarkably helpful in the deliberate fabrication and manipulation of structures at the atomic or molecular level.
What is an example of manipulating matter at the nanoscale?
-IBM researcher Don Eigler was the first to manipulate atoms using a scanning tunneling microscope in 1989. He arranged 35 xenon atoms to spell out the IBM logo, demonstrating the potential of nanotechnology in precise manipulation at the atomic scale.
What is the significance of the classification of nanoparticles in nanotechnology?
-The classification of nanoparticles is crucial as it helps in understanding their properties and potential applications. It also aids in the development of new materials and technologies that utilize nanoparticles effectively.
Outlines
🌟 Introduction to Nanochemistry
This paragraph introduces the audience to the field of nanochemistry, which is a branch of nanoscience focusing on the chemical applications of nanomaterials within nanotechnology. It explains that nanochemistry involves the study of the synthesis and characterization of materials at the nanoscale, typically around 100 nanometers in size. The unique properties of nanoscale assemblies of atoms or molecules are highlighted, emphasizing the newness of this branch of chemistry. The concept of nanoscale is defined, relating it to a billionth of a meter, and a comparative illustration of various objects' sizes at different scales is discussed. Historical uses of nanoparticles in ancient artifacts are mentioned, showcasing the longevity of nanochemistry's applications. The paragraph also touches on the multidisciplinary nature of nanotechnology, which includes a wide range of academic disciplines.
📈 Nanotechnology: Concepts and History
This paragraph delves into the definition and scope of nanotechnology, which is the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems at the nanometer scale. It distinguishes the unique properties that emerge at the nanoscale, which may differ significantly from bulk materials or single atoms or molecules. The paragraph then explores the interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology, highlighting its overlap with various academic fields such as chemistry, physics, bioscience, material science, and engineering. The history of nanotechnology is traced back to significant milestones, including Richard Feynman's influential lecture in 1959 and the development of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, which earned its inventors a Nobel Prize. The paragraph concludes by mentioning the invention of the atomic force microscope and the early demonstrations of manipulating matter at the atomic level, setting the stage for the discussion on the classification of nanoparticles in the subsequent part of the video script.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Nanochemistry
💡Nanoscale
💡Nanoparticles
💡Nanotechnology
💡Nanostructures
💡Lycurgus Cup
💡Maya Blue
💡Damascus Steel
💡Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
💡Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
💡Nanotechnology History
💡Classification of Nanoparticles
Highlights
Nanochemistry is the branch of nanoscience that deals with the chemical applications of nanomaterials.
The study of synthesis and characterization of materials of nanoscale size is central to nanochemistry.
Nanochemistry focuses on unique properties associated with assemblies of atoms or molecules of nanoscale, approximately 100 nanometers in size.
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary technology at the nanoscale, and nanochemistry is an integrated part of it.
The prefix 'nano' means one billionth, and a nanometer is a billionth of a meter.
The relative dimensions of various objects, from watermelons to water molecules, showcase the vast range of nanotechnology applications.
Nanoparticles have been used since ancient times, as seen in the Lapis Glass Cup and Maya Blue pigment.
Damascus steel swords, known for their exceptional properties, contain nanoscale structures that enhance their material properties.
Nanostructures range between one nanometer and 100 nanometers in at least one dimension, including nanosurfaces and nanotubes.
Unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties can emerge in materials at the nanoscale, differing significantly from bulk materials or single atoms/molecules.
Nanotechnology involves the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems at the nanometer scale.
The field of nanotechnology is interdisciplinary, overlapping various academic disciplines like chemistry, physics, bioscience, and engineering.
Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture, 'There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom,' is often credited with inspiring the field of nanotechnology.
The scanning tunneling microscope, developed in 1981, revolutionized the ability to image surfaces at the atomic level and contributed significantly to nanotechnology.
IBM researcher Don Eigler's manipulation of atoms to spell out the IBM logo in 1989 demonstrated the potential of nanotechnology in fabrication and manipulation.
The history of nanotechnology traces the development of concepts and experimental work that fall under its broad category.
The term 'nanotechnology' was first used in a 1974 conference by Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi to describe semiconductor processes.
The atomic force microscope, invented in 1986, is one of the advanced measurement tools of the nano era, aiding in the deliberate fabrication of atomic or molecular structures.
In the next part of the discussion, the classification of nanoparticles will be explored.
Transcripts
hello my dear students today we are
dealing with the topic
nanochemistry what is nanochemistry
nanochemistry is the branch of
nanoscience deals with the chemical
applications of nanomaterials
in nanotechnology nanochemistry involves
the study of the synthesis
and characterization of materials of
nanoscale
size nanochemistry is a relatively
new branch of chemistry concerned with
the unique properties
associated with assemblies of atoms or
molecules of nanoscale that is
approximately
100 nanometer scale
nanochemistry is an integrated part of
nanotechnology
nanotechnology is deep multidisciplinary
technology at the
nanoscale then what do you mean by a
nanoscale
the prefix nano means darf
nano is a greek word it means one
billionth
that is a nanometer is a billionth of a
meter one nanometer is equal to ten
raised to minus
nine meter here the picture shows
the relative dimensions of various
objects
the size of the watermelon is
10 centimeter the size of the
full stop is one millimeter the size of
a coin is
one centimeter the size of an hair
is 100 micrometer the size of a
rbz is 5 micrometer
that says of a virus is one micrometer
the size of a gold nanoparticle is
10 nanometer the size of a carbon
nanotube is
5 nanometer the size of a benzene
molecule is
0.5 nanometer the size of a water
molecule is
0.1 nanometer
from this figure it is clear that on
moving from watermelon to
water molecule the size of the particle
is reduced
a nanoparticle is a small particle that
ranges between 1 200 nanometer
in size here also the picture
shows the relative dimensions of various
objects the states of a water molecule
is
0.1 nanometer the sense of an antibody
is 2.9
nanometer the size of a bacteria is 100
nanometer
the size of the higher width is
80 000 nanometer the size of a tennis
ball is
70 million nanometer
nano chemistry is a relatively new term
but the nanoparticles are used in
ancient times
there are a number of relatively famous
examples of ancient
artifacts which were created using
nanocomposites
the lego gas cup for example is a
standing decorative ramen pressure from
about 84
100. it is made of a glass that changes
color
when let is shown through it
in this cup the glass contains gold
silver alloyed nanoparticles
which are distributed in such a way to
make
the glass look green in reflected light
but when light passes through the cup it
reveals
a brilliant red another example for the
nanoparticle used in
ancient times is that a
corrosion-resistant azure pigment
known as maya blue first produced in
ad-800
was discovered in the pre-columbian
mayan
city of chichen itza it is
complex material containing clay with
nanopores
into which indigo divers combined
chemically to create an
environmentally stable pigment
another example is that dumuscus steel
swords
from the middle east were made between
80
380 1700
and are known for their impressive
strength
shutter resistance and exceptionally
sharp
cutting edges the steel blades contain
oriented nano scale wire and two black
structures
which almost certainly enhances the
materials properties
nanostructures are structures that range
between
one nanometer and 100 nanometer in at
least
one dimension nanosurfaces
cylindrical nanotubes and nanospheres
are common nanostructures
unusual physical chemical and biological
properties
can emerge in materials at the nanoscale
properties may differ in important ways
from the properties of bulk materials
and single atoms or molecules
then what you mean by nanotechnology
the design characterization production
and
application of structures devices and
systems
by controlled manipulation of size
and shape at the nanometer scale
that produces structures devices and
systems with at least one novel or
superior characteristics for property
that is nanotechnology can be seen as an
extension of the existing science into
the
nano scale it is an interdisciplinary
area
where researchers overlap over a variety
of academic disciplines
like chemistry physics bioscience
material science
computational engineering colloidal
science and even
mechanical and electrical engineering
the history of nanotechnology traces the
development of the concepts
and experimental work falling under the
broad category of nanotechnology
nanotechnology is a relatively recent
development
in scientific research the development
of
it is central concept happened over a
longer
period of time the american physicist
richard feynman lectured there is
plenty of room at the bottom at an
american physical society meeting
at caltech on december 29 1959
which is often held to how provided
inspiration for the field of
nanotechnology
he envisioned a process by which men
would be able to fabricate materials and
devices
through control of matter on the atomic
and molecular scale
that is at the nanometer level
the japanese scientist called norio
of tokyo university of science was first
to use the term nanotechnology in a
1974 conference to describe
semiconductor processes such as a thin
film deposition and
iron beam myelin exhibiting
characteristic control on the order of a
nanometer
his definition was nanotechnology mainly
consists of the process of
separation consolidation and deformation
of materials
by one atom or one molecule
another important discovery is that the
scanning
tunneling microscope an instrument for
imaging surfaces at the atomic level
was developed in 1981
by gerd binning and
heinrich roarer at ibm
zurich research laboratory for which
they were awarded the nobel prize in
physics in 1986.
the beginning carbon court and christoph
gerber invented the first atomic force
microscope
in 1986 the first commercially available
atomic force
microscope was introduced in 1989.
the atomic force microscope is the one
of the advanced
measurement tools of the nano era
remarkably helpful
in the deliberative fabrication and
manipulation of structures
at the atomic or molecular level
another important invention is that ibm
researcher
don egler was first to manipulate
items using a scanning tunneling
microscope
in 1989. he used
35 synonym items to spell out
the ibm logo
this and other developments in
nanotechnology
make it as a field of great industrial
importance today we have discussed about
nanochemistry nanoparticle nanoscale
nanostructures nanotechnology
in the next part we will discuss about
the classification
of nanoparticles thank you
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