Monkeypox (Mpox) Symptoms, Prevention, vaccine & Treatment #mpox

Medbook Pharma

19 Aug 202403:33

Summary

TLDRMonkeypox, previously known as monkey pox, is a viral disease similar to smallpox but less severe. Discovered in 1958, it was first reported in humans in 1970. Caused by the monkeypox virus, it has two clades: West African and Congo Basin, with the latter being more severe and contagious. Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals or humans, including via bodily fluids and respiratory droplets. Symptoms include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosed through PCR testing, there's no specific treatment, but the smallpox vaccine offers up to 85% protection.

Takeaways

🐒 **Monkeypox Origin**: Previously known as monkey pox, the disease was first discovered in monkeys in 1958 and first reported in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
🦠 **Virus Classification**: Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family, related to the smallpox virus.
🌐 **Geographic Clades**: There are two main clades of the monkeypox virus: the West African and the Congo Basin, with the latter causing more severe illness and being more contagious.
🐇 **Animal Reservoirs**: The virus can be transmitted by various animals, including rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, and different monkey species.
🤝 **Human Transmission**: Transmission between humans occurs through close contact with infected skin lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects.
🤰 **Congenital Infection**: Transmission can occur from mother to fetus via the placenta, leading to congenital monkeypox, and during close contact after birth.
⏱️ **Incubation Period**: The incubation period for monkeypox is typically 6 to 14 days, but it can range from 5 to 21 days.
🤒 **Symptoms**: Initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache, lymph node swelling, back pain, muscle aches, and fatigue, followed by a characteristic rash.
🧬 **Diagnosis**: Diagnosis is suspected based on rash appearance, contact history, or travel to endemic areas, and confirmed through PCR testing detecting viral genetic material.
💊 **Treatment Options**: There are no specific treatments for monkeypox, but options include antivirals and the vaccinia immune globulin intravenous.
💉 **Vaccination**: The smallpox vaccine can protect against monkeypox with up to 85% efficacy, and vaccination post-exposure may prevent the disease or reduce severity.

Q & A

What is the former name of the disease now known as monkeypox?
-The former name of monkeypox was 'monkey pox'.
In what year was monkeypox first discovered?
-Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 during outbreaks in monkey colonies.
Where was the first human case of monkeypox reported?
-The first human case of monkeypox was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970.
Which virus causes monkeypox?
-Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family.
How many main clades of the monkeypox virus are there?
-There are two main clades of the monkeypox virus: the West African clade and the Congo Basin clade.
Which clade of the monkeypox virus is considered more contagious?
-The Congo Basin clade is considered more contagious compared to the West African clade.
What animals can transmit the monkeypox virus to humans?
-Monkeypox virus can be transmitted by contact with infected animals such as rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, and different species of monkeys.
How is monkeypox transmitted from one person to another?
-Transmission from one person to another can occur by close contact with infected skin lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects such as clothing, towels, or bedding.
What is the typical incubation period for monkeypox?
-The incubation period of monkeypox is usually 6 to 14 days but can range from 5 to 21 days.
What are the initial symptoms of monkeypox?
-Initial symptoms of monkeypox include fever, chills, intense headache, swelling of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), back pain, muscle aches, and lack of energy.
How is a monkeypox diagnosis confirmed?
-Diagnosis of monkeypox is confirmed through PCR testing, which detects the presence of the viral genetic material.
Are there any specific treatments available for monkeypox infection?
-According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are no specific treatments available for monkeypox infection.
What is the efficacy of the smallpox vaccine in protecting against monkeypox?
-The smallpox vaccine can protect individuals from getting monkeypox with an efficacy of up to 85%.

Outlines

00:00

🦠 Monkeypox Virus Overview

Monkeypox, previously known as monkey pox, is a viral disease characterized by fever, skin rash, and swollen lymph nodes. It is similar to but less severe than smallpox. Discovered in 1958 during monkey outbreaks, the first human case was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970. The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes smallpox. There are two clades: West African and Congo Basin, with the latter being more severe and contagious. Transmission can occur through contact with infected animals or humans, including via bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects. Congenital monkeypox can also occur. The incubation period is typically 6-14 days, with symptoms starting with fever and progressing to a characteristic rash. Diagnosis is based on rash appearance and confirmed through PCR testing. There is no specific treatment, but antiviral drugs and the smallpox vaccine, which is 85% effective, can be used for prevention and to lessen severity.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡moox

Moox, previously known as monkey pox, is a viral infectious disease. It is the central focus of the video script, which discusses its characteristics, transmission, and treatment. The term is used to introduce the disease and to highlight its similarities to smallpox, emphasizing the importance of understanding this condition.

💡febal illness

Febal illness refers to the initial symptoms of moox, which include fever, chills, and other flu-like symptoms. This term is crucial for understanding the onset of the disease and how it might be recognized in its early stages, as described in the script.

💡skin rash

A skin rash is one of the characteristic symptoms of moox, as mentioned in the script. It is a visible sign of the disease that progresses from a flat red base to raised firm lesions, vesicles, and eventually crusting. The rash is a key diagnostic feature of the disease.

💡swollen lymph nodes

Swollen lymph nodes, or lymphadenopathy, are mentioned as part of the disease's symptoms. This term is important for understanding the body's immune response to the moox virus and is a common sign of many infections, including moox.

💡monkey pox virus

The monkey pox virus is the causative agent of the disease discussed in the script. It is a member of the orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes smallpox. Understanding the virus is essential for grasping the nature of the disease and its potential treatments.

💡orthopox virus genus

The orthopox virus genus is a classification that includes the monkey pox virus, smallpox, and the vaccine strain used against smallpox. This term is important for understanding the family of viruses to which moox belongs and its relation to other known diseases.

💡West African CLA

The West African CLA, or clade, is one of the two main types of monkey pox virus described in the script. It is known to cause less severe illness compared to the Congo Basin CLA, which is important for understanding the variation in disease severity.

💡Congo Basin CLA

The Congo Basin CLA is another clade of the monkey pox virus, which is considered more severe and contagious than the West African CLA. This term is significant for understanding the differences in transmission and severity of the disease.

💡transmission

Transmission refers to how the monkey pox virus spreads, as detailed in the script. It can occur through contact with infected animals or humans, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects. This term is vital for understanding how to prevent the spread of the disease.

💡incubation period

The incubation period of monkey pox, which is typically 6 to 14 days but can range from 5 to 21 days, is a key concept in the script. It refers to the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms, which is crucial for tracking the disease and implementing control measures.

💡vaccination

Vaccination is discussed as a preventive measure against monkey pox, with the smallpox vaccine offering some protection. This term is important for understanding the potential strategies to reduce the risk of infection and the severity of the disease.

Highlights

Moox, previously known as monkey pox, is a viral infectious disease.

It presents with fever, skin rash, and swollen lymph nodes.

Discovered in 1958 during outbreaks in Monkey colonies.

First human case reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970.

Caused by the monkey pox virus, a member of the orthopox virus genus.

There are two main clades: West African and Congo Basin.

Congo Basin clade is more severe and contagious.

Transmission occurs by contact with infected animals or humans.

Can be transmitted via bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects.

Transmission can occur from mother to fetus via the placenta.

Incubation period is usually 6 to 14 days.

Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, lymphadenopathy, back pain, and muscle aches.

Rash appears 1 to 3 days after fever, evolving from flat red base to vesicles.

Diagnosis suspected based on rash, illness, contact history, or travel to endemic areas.

Confirmed through PCR testing detecting viral genetic material.

No specific treatments available, but antivirals and vaccinia immune globulin are used.

Smallpox vaccine can protect against monkey pox with up to 85% efficacy.

Vaccination after exposure may help prevent disease or make it less severe.