๐Ÿšจ ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื›ืœ - ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช - ื”ืื ื ืงืจื•ืก ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ?

Micha.Stocks
13 Sept 202427:00

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the potential market impact of an upcoming interest rate decision by the Federal Reserve. The speaker, Mika from America, presents various scenarios, emphasizing the uncertainty of the market's reaction. They explore historical data, including past interest rate cuts and their effects on the S&P 500, to provide context. The conversation also touches on the current economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, and speculates on whether a recession is imminent. The script concludes with a focus on the significance of the September market, often considered a bellwether for the rest of the year, and the importance of being prepared for any market movement.

Takeaways

  • ๐Ÿ˜ฒ The speaker expresses uncertainty about the market's reaction to potential interest rate cuts this week.
  • ๐Ÿ“‰ The script discusses historical data showing that interest rate cuts do not always correlate with market downturns; sometimes markets rise despite rate cuts.
  • ๐Ÿ’ก The speaker suggests looking at past interest rates, market reactions, and economic indicators to predict future trends.
  • ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ Nick Timiraos, referred to as the 'Oracle of the Fed,' is mentioned for his influence on market expectations regarding interest rate decisions.
  • ๐Ÿค” The script highlights the importance of considering whether the economy is in a recession or not, as this context greatly affects the market's response to interest rate changes.
  • ๐Ÿ“Š Historical comparisons are made between periods of interest rate cuts and market performance, with a focus on the S&P 500 index.
  • ๐Ÿ“ˆ The speaker points out that markets have historically risen after interest rate cuts, but emphasizes that past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
  • ๐Ÿ“… The script discusses the potential impact of September on the market, noting that it's typically a volatile month and that the market's performance is not necessarily tied to interest rate decisions.
  • ๐Ÿš€ The speaker mentions the role of technology and real-time information in allowing investors to react more quickly to market changes, including interest rate decisions.
  • โณ The script concludes with a reminder that while predictions are made, the actual market reaction to interest rate cuts and other economic events can be unpredictable.

Q & A

  • What is the main concern regarding the Federal Reserve's interest rate decision discussed in the script?

    -The main concern is the uncertainty of how much the Federal Reserve will lower interest rates and the potential impact this decision will have on the market.

  • What does the speaker suggest we can do despite not knowing the future impact of interest rate cuts?

    -The speaker suggests that we can look at data, history, and ask ourselves where we stand to compare the right things. We can also listen to experts like Nick Timiraos for insights.

  • What historical data does the speaker refer to when discussing past interest rate cuts?

    -The speaker refers to historical interest rates of the Federal Reserve dating back to 1960, including periods before and after World War I and World War II, to analyze the effects of interest rate cuts.

  • What is the significance of the speaker mentioning the 'fear of missing out' (FOMO) in the context of the stock market?

    -The speaker mentions FOMO to illustrate the psychological impact on investors who might rush to buy stocks in anticipation of interest rate cuts, potentially leading to short-term market fluctuations.

  • Why does the speaker compare the current situation to the year 2007 in terms of economic indicators?

    -The speaker compares the current situation to 2007 because they are looking at similar economic indicators, such as unemployment rates and inflation, to predict potential market reactions to interest rate decisions.

  • What is the 'cme fed watch tool' mentioned in the script, and how does it relate to the discussion?

    -The 'cme fed watch tool' is a resource that investors use to gauge expectations about the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions. It is mentioned to highlight how market participants form expectations based on available data.

  • Why does the speaker emphasize the importance of not confusing the timing of interest rate cuts with the historical performance of the stock market in September?

    -The speaker emphasizes this because historical data shows that September can be a volatile month for the stock market regardless of interest rate decisions, and investors should not assume a direct correlation between the two.

  • What does the speaker suggest about the potential market reaction if the Federal Reserve were to cut interest rates by 50 basis points instead of 25?

    -The speaker suggests that if the Federal Reserve cuts interest rates by 50 basis points, it might be seen as a sign of concern, leading to a sell-off in the market, whereas a 25 basis point cut might be better received.

  • How does the speaker use historical unemployment rates to discuss the current economic situation?

    -The speaker uses historical unemployment rates to argue that the current rate is not indicative of a recession, and thus, the Federal Reserve might not need to lower interest rates aggressively to combat unemployment.

  • What is the significance of the speaker mentioning the 'great financial crisis' of 2008 in the context of interest rate decisions?

    -The speaker mentions the 'great financial crisis' of 2008 to highlight how extreme economic situations can lead to significant interest rate cuts and to compare the severity of the current situation to past crises.

Outlines

00:00

๐Ÿ“‰ Speculation on Interest Rate Cuts and Market Impact

The speaker begins by discussing the uncertainty surrounding potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, emphasizing that the market's reaction is unpredictable. They mention that while some fear a market crash, historical data shows mixed outcomes following rate cuts. The speaker also references Nik Timos, a noted Fed watcher, who suggests a possible 50 basis point rate cut, contrasting with market expectations of a 25 basis point reduction. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding historical trends and current economic data to make informed predictions about the market's direction.

05:00

๐Ÿ“ˆ Historical Analysis of Interest Rates and Market Performance

This paragraph delves into a historical analysis of the Federal Reserve's interest rates since 1960, noting significant fluctuations and their correlation with economic events like world wars. The speaker points out that interest rates have been used as a tool to manage inflation and financial stability. They compare past market reactions to interest rate changes, using the S&P 500 index as a reference, to illustrate how the market has sometimes risen and other times fallen following rate adjustments. The summary underscores the complexity of predicting market movements based on interest rate decisions.

10:01

๐Ÿ“Š Economic Indicators and Their Influence on Monetary Policy

The speaker examines various economic indicators such as unemployment rates and inflation to assess the health of the economy. They discuss how these indicators influence the Federal Reserve's decision-making process regarding interest rates. The paragraph highlights the importance of considering current economic conditions, such as whether the economy is in a recession, before drawing parallels with historical periods. The speaker also addresses the potential impact of delayed interest rate cuts on unemployment and the broader economy, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to economic analysis.

15:03

๐ŸŒ Global Economic Factors and Their Role in Market Trends

This section explores the interplay between global economic factors and market trends. The speaker discusses the potential for a market downturn in September, often considered a challenging month for stocks, and how this might be influenced by global economic conditions and policy decisions. They also touch upon the role of technology and instant information in shaping market reactions, suggesting that the speed and accessibility of financial news can amplify market volatility. The summary stresses the need for investors to stay informed and adapt to rapidly changing economic landscapes.

20:05

๐Ÿ“‰ The Impact of Interest Rate Cuts on Market Volatility

The speaker speculates on the market's potential reaction to different magnitudes of interest rate cuts, questioning whether a larger cut would lead to increased market stability or volatility. They also consider the psychological impact of rate cuts on investor behavior, suggesting that market participants might overreact to significant policy changes. The paragraph includes a discussion on the market's performance during election years and the potential for increased uncertainty during such periods. The summary highlights the complex relationship between monetary policy, investor sentiment, and market dynamics.

25:06

๐Ÿš€ The Role of Technology in Shaping Financial Markets

In this paragraph, the speaker reflects on how technological advancements have transformed the way financial markets operate. They discuss the role of real-time data, trading platforms, and financial news in enabling investors to make quicker and more informed decisions. The speaker also addresses the potential for increased market volatility due to the speed at which information is disseminated and the ease with which investors can execute trades. The summary emphasizes the importance of staying adaptable and informed in an era where technology plays a pivotal role in shaping market trends.

Mindmap

Keywords

๐Ÿ’กInterest Rate

Interest rates are the cost of borrowing money and the reward for saving. In the video, the speaker discusses the potential impact of the Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates, which is a tool used to manage inflation and stimulate the economy. The uncertainty around how much the rates will be lowered and its effect on the market is a central theme.

๐Ÿ’กFederal Reserve

The Federal Reserve, often referred to as 'the Fed,' is the central banking system of the United States. It plays a crucial role in the economy by implementing monetary policy, including interest rate adjustments. The video discusses the Fed's potential actions and their implications on financial markets.

๐Ÿ’กMarket Crash

A market crash refers to a sudden and significant drop in the value of a stock market or other financial markets. The script mentions historical market crashes and the fear of a potential crash due to interest rate cuts, illustrating the anxiety among investors about the future of the market.

๐Ÿ’กInflation

Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling. The video discusses how the Federal Reserve uses interest rates to control inflation, which is a key factor in their decision-making process.

๐Ÿ’กRecession

A recession is a period of negative economic growth that lasts for at least two consecutive quarters. The script refers to the possibility of a recession as a reason for the Federal Reserve to consider lowering interest rates, aiming to stimulate economic growth.

๐Ÿ’กS&P 500

The S&P 500, or Standard & Poor's 500, is a stock market index that tracks the performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is used as a gauge for the overall U.S. stock market. The video discusses historical performance of the S&P 500 in relation to interest rate changes.

๐Ÿ’กUnemployment Rate

The unemployment rate is the percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment. The video mentions the unemployment rate as an economic indicator that can influence the Federal Reserve's decisions on interest rates.

๐Ÿ’กBitcoin

Bitcoin is a digital currency, or cryptocurrency, that operates independently of a central bank. The video suggests that investors might turn to Bitcoin as an alternative investment during periods of economic uncertainty, such as potential interest rate cuts.

๐Ÿ’กStock Market

The stock market is a place where shares of publicly traded companies are issued and traded. The video discusses the stock market's reactions to interest rate changes, highlighting the interconnectedness of monetary policy and market performance.

๐Ÿ’กEconomic Indicators

Economic indicators are statistics that inform the current economic health of a country or region. The video refers to various economic indicators, such as inflation and unemployment rates, which are considered by the Federal Reserve when making decisions about interest rates.

๐Ÿ’กInvestment Strategy

An investment strategy is a plan or approach for making investment decisions. The video discusses different investment strategies in response to potential interest rate cuts, emphasizing the need for investors to adapt their strategies based on economic conditions.

Highlights

Discussion on the potential for an unexpected event this week leading to a Fed rate cut.

Uncertainty about the extent of the rate cut and its market impact.

Presentation of graphs showing the market's reaction to past rate cuts and the varied outcomes.

Emphasis on the importance of looking at data and history to predict future market movements.

Mention of listening to the market's signals and observing the opinions of financial experts like Nick Timiraos.

Analysis of the Fed's historical use of interest rates as a tool to manage inflation and economic issues.

Comparison of the current economic situation with historical data to understand the potential effects of a rate cut.

Discussion on the potential for a market crash and the implications of a rate cut on investor behavior.

Highlighting the difference between the market's reaction to rate cuts during periods of economic growth versus recession.

Statistical analysis of the market's performance after rate cuts, including short-term and long-term trends.

Insight into the Fed's decision-making process and the factors influencing their choice between a 25 or 50 basis point rate cut.

Discussion on the relationship between unemployment rates and the timing of rate cuts.

Predictions and speculations about the market's reaction to a potential rate cut in September.

Historical context provided on past September market performances and the potential for a downturn.

Analysis of the potential impact of the upcoming elections on the market and the Fed's decisions.

Recommendations for investors on how to prepare for the market's reaction to the Fed's rate decision.

Final thoughts on the importance of not panicking and staying informed during times of market uncertainty.

Transcripts

play00:00

ืœืžืช ืื ื™ืงืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืจื™ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื”ืคื“

play00:03

ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืจืง ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”

play00:08

ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“

play00:11

ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง

play00:14

ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื› ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ืจืคื™ื

play00:16

ืฉืืชื ืฉืœื—ืชื ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื•

play00:19

ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืœื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืก ืื ื™

play00:24

ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื’ืจืคื™ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ืช

play00:26

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ื•ืœื”ืคืš ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื•

play00:30

ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืžื”

play00:33

ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื

play00:35

ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

play00:38

ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ื“ื™

play00:41

ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื—ื ื•

play00:44

ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ

play00:46

ื›ื‘ื“ ื–ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื

play00:50

ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ

play00:53

ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื

play00:56

ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช

play00:59

ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืกืชื›ืœ

play01:02

ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ื’ื ื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ืง ืœื

play01:06

ื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื ืจืื” ืืช ื ื™ืง ื˜ื™ ืžืจื•ืก ื”ืœื•ื—ืฉ

play01:10

ืœืคื“ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

play01:13

ื•ืืžืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ื‘50 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก

play01:17

ืœืžื” ืจืง ื‘-25 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื– ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” 25 ืื•

play01:21

50 ื–ื• ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช

play01:25

ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื™ืช ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™

play01:27

ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื–ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืืจื’ื™ืข

play01:31

ืืชื›ื ื’ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ

play01:35

ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืขืคืŸ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื–ื”

play01:38

ื™ืืœืœื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”

play01:41

[ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”]

play01:49

ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื™ื›ื”

play01:52

ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”

play01:53

ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืจืง ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื

play01:56

ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“

play01:58

ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื• ืื ื ื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ

play02:01

ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืื ืืชื

play02:03

ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” 50

play02:07

50 53 47 ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘-25 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœ-47

play02:13

ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืžืืชืžื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขืฆื

play02:17

ื”ื™ื™ื ื•

play02:19

2872 ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื

play02:22

ืงืจื” ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื•ืื ืืชื

play02:25

ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืชื ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื

play02:28

ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื” ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื cme fed watch

play02:33

tool ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš

play02:37

ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ

play02:39

ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืืขื

play02:43

ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื

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ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ืคื“ ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงืจื”

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ื‘-24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช 36 ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช

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ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง

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ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืจืฉืžืชื ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื

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ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืกืงื™ ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืคืขืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืœ

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ืœืžื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื“ืจืžื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื

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ื”ื”ืคื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื•ืจื™ืช

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ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช

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ื•ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช

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ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื” ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

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ืžืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื– 1970 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž50

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ืžื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ 20% ื‘

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snp 500 ื”ื ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืืช ื”ื”ืคื—ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”

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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™

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ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื—ื•ืฅ

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ืž ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช

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ื‘ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ืžื“

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ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš

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ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื’'ืจื•ื ืคืื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืง ื˜ื™ ืžืจื•ืก

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ื ื™ืง ื˜ื™ ืžืจื•ืก ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื› ื”ืœื•ื—ืฉ

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ืœืคื“ ื ื™ืง ื˜ื™ ืžืจื•ืก ืžืขืœื” ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื•ืฉืืœื” ืœืžื”

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ืฉื”ืคื“ ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจืง ื‘-25 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืœื ื‘-50

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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืคืจืื ื˜ ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ื”

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ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ื™ืฉืจ ื—ื–ืง ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืชื“ืขื” ืœืกื—ื•ื‘

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ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื“ืข ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ื›ืœื•ื

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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื“ืœืง ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ

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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืคื” ืืช

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ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืช

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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืื ืืชื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”

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ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืืชืžื•ืœ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื

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ืœื‘

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ืœื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืคืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœืฉื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื

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ืืชืžื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ

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ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื™ื ืง ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคื” ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ

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ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ืื• ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื–ื”

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ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ื

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ืœื›ื ืื– ื‘ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื• 25 ืื•

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50 ื”ื ื” ื ื™ืงื˜ ืžืจืื•

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ื˜ ืžื™ืจื•ืก ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื›ืžื•ืช

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ื”ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืื• ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ

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ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืื

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ื”ืคื“ ื ื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ 50 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช

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ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื–ื”

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ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ 60 ืืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื–ื”

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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืœื” ืื– 5025 ืœืžื”

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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื—

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ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืœืš ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื“ ืžืฉื ืช

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1960 ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ 50 ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืคื” ืืช

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ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืคื” ืืช ืœืคื ื™

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ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืง

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ืž-1950 ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื“ ืคืขื

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ื”ื™ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ 20% ืžืื– ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” 11%

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99% 6% 65% 5% ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

play05:55

ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘-2007

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ื•ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช

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ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช

play06:07

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื”

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ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ

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ื”ืคื“ ืื– ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื“ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืคื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง

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ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช

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ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืื•

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ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ื•ืช

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ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ

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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืœื ื ืขืœ ืืช ื” snp ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš

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ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข

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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืœื” ืืช ื” snp ื ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข

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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•

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ืœื‘ ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืจืคื™ื ืฉืžืชืืจื™ื

play06:52

ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื” snp ื”ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื

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ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“

play07:00

โ€snp ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 1956 ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ืขื•ืœื”

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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืงืข ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช

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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืจื’ืข ื–ื•ื

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ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช

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1989 ื‘-1989 ื”ืคื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช 9.85 ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื“

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ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 525 ืœ5 ื— 9.8

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ื™ืจื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœ

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2.9 ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืกื”

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ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื–ื”

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ื”ื“ื“ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืขืœื” ืืช

play07:37

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ืคื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืœื™ ืฉืœ 5% ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช

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ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 07 ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจืกืงื•ื™ื•ืช

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ื”ื ืงื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 74 ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืคื“ ื—ืชืš ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช

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ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืื ื™

play13:00

ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™

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ืฉื ืคืชื— ืคื” ืืช

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ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

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ืœื ื• ืœื ื• ื•ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช

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ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื

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ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ืืช

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ืื•ืžืจืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช

play13:20

ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืžื” ื–ื”

play13:24

ืจืœื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื”

play13:28

ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืคื“ ื— ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™

play13:32

ื™ืจื“ื ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืฆืช ื•ืื– ืงืจืกื ื•

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ืงืจืกื ื• ืงืจืกื ื• ืงืจืกื ื• ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ snp 500 ื–ื”

play13:40

ื”ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืŸืจืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื”

play13:44

ืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื”

play13:46

ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ืŸ r ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ืš

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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืœื”

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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช 01

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ื•7 ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืžื” ืงืจื” ืคื“ ื—ืชืš ื•ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื

play13:58

ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืื™ืค ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื

play14:02

ื›ืจื’ืข ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืคื” ื›ืจื’ืข

play14:05

ื•ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื

play14:09

ื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ

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5% ืขื“ 99% ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืื ื™ืฉ 4.4 ืขื“

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5.3 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื”

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ืœืคื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ื•ืœ

play14:27

ืจื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉ ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืื– ืืื

play14:29

ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื” ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืงื™ื™ ืžื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”

play14:32

ืื•ืžืจืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™

play14:35

ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช 67% ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืื–

play14:39

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘

play14:44

5.1 100% ืžื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืืช

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ืื•ืžืจืช 100% ืžื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข 5.1

play14:52

ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ 100% ืžื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•

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ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข 99.7 ื”ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ื– ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœ snp

play14:59

ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘-14 ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข

play15:02

100% ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื

play15:05

ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ 16% 100%

play15:08

ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื•-1 ื ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ 16.5% 100%

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ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื–ืืช

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ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

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ืžืจืื” ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื•ืคื“ ื—ื•ืš ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื

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ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•

play15:27

ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขืชื™ื“

play15:32

ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ 100% ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืืฉื•ืง

play15:36

ืขืœื” ืื– ืžืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื›ื™ 2001 ื•-27 ื”ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื

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ืฉืื ื—ื ื•

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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื› ื—ืกื™ืช

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ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืŸ

play15:50

ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื

play15:52

ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”

play15:55

ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”

play15:56

ื•ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืœืืก ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ื• ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ืคื” ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื

play16:00

ืœื›ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ

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ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืื– ืžื”

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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื ืฆืœื• ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื™

play16:11

ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื” ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื”

play16:14

ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื‘ื” ืื ืžื™ื›ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•

play16:18

ืคื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื” ื›ืŸ

play16:21

ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื” ืœื

play16:23

ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื” ืื– ื”ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื‘ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื–

play16:28

ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื

play16:31

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื”

play16:34

ื”ื™ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

play16:38

ื•ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ืฆืคื•ื™

play16:40

ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื–ื” ื‘10 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

play16:44

ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืช

play16:46

ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืื ืื ื™

play16:49

ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืœ

play16:52

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืฉื•ืง ืงืจืก ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื

play16:57

ื”ืฉื•ืง ืชื™ืงืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ

play17:00

ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื“ื™ืกืงื•ืจื“ ืฉืœ

play17:02

ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื•

play17:05

ืืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ

play17:08

ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื’ื ื›ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงื˜ ืฉืืค ืœืขืฉื•ืช

play17:10

ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืฉื•ืค ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™

play17:13

ืงื˜ ืฉืืค ื–ื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช

play17:15

ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืื•ืงื™ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ

play17:18

ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ

play17:22

ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื ืื ืœื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื

play17:26

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืค ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ

play17:30

ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื•ื ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืืจื‘ืขืช

play17:34

ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื

play17:36

ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื ืกื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ

play17:41

ื”ื•ื ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš 10 ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื™ืฉ

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ืœื ื• 30% ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื”

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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช

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ืชืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืกืคืช

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ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื

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ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ

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ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื•ืชื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื•ืชื• ืืคืฉืจ

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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืจื“

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ื‘-40

play18:17

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ื›ื›ื”

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ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช

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ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘

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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืจื‘ืขื”

play18:37

ื™ืžื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช

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ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช

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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ

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ืœื›ืœื•ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“

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ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ื•

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ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืกืคืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื•

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ืฉื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืจื”

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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืื• ืฆืจื™ืš

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ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืคื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”20

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ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืกืคืช ืคืชื— ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ื”ื›ื™

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ื’ืจื•ืข ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช

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ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื”

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play19:49

ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืจื™ื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืœื™ ืž 1929 ื• 1940

play19:52

ื•-150 -1970

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ื”ื™ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”

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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื–

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ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™

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50 ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืฉื•ื•ืงื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”50

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ื•ืœืžื” ืื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื 50 ืžืชื•ืš ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื”

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ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื• 50 ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื

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50 ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืง ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”

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ื™ื—ืœืฉ

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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ื” ื™ื ืกื• ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”

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ื”ืฉื•ืง ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ื‘-25 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช

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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืคื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘50

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ื ืฆืžืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื•ื›ืžื•

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ื‘ืฉื ืช

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47 ืœ-56 ื ืื

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ื‘-2018 19

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ืื– ืฆืคื• ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืฉืœ 5% ื–ื” ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืื– ื–ื”

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ืคื—ื•ืช

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ืฉื•ื ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื

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ื”ืืœื” ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื

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ืœื•ืก ื›ื™

play23:06

ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืœ time high ื›ื™

play23:11

ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข

play23:14

ื ืข 150 ืื• 50 ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ

play23:19

ื‘ื’ืจืคื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื

play23:23

ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืขื ื–ื”

play23:27

ืฉื•ื ื” 2000

play23:30

ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืจืง ื ื›ื ืก ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื•

play23:33

ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘-27 ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช

play23:36

ืื‘ืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ

play23:39

ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืœื™

play23:41

ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ ื“ืจืš ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืคื™ื ื ืก

play23:43

ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

play23:44

ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœื”

play23:48

ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 48% ืื•

play23:56

56% ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘

play23:59

ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ

play24:01

ืœืงืจื•ืช

play24:04

ื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ

play24:08

ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืชืจืื• ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•

play24:10

ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ c ืœืกื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื

play24:14

ืืœื™ื• ื‘

play24:16

5641 ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ืœ

play24:21

ืงื•ืจืก ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ

play24:24

ืžืžื•ืฆืข 150 ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื ื’ืขื ื• ื‘ื• ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข

play24:26

ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืจื“ ื ื• ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื“ืจืš

play24:29

ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘

play24:30

ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื ืžื™ื  ื”ื ืžื ื” ืฉื ืชืงืŸ ื’ื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ

play24:35

ื’ืžื•ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ืžื  ื”ื ืžื ืข ืฉื ืคืจืฅ ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคื”

play24:39

ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจื’ืข ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืžื™ื›ื ืชื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช

play24:43

ื›ื•ืœื ืื ื—ื ื•

play24:45

ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ

play24:50

ื–ื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘-13 ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ

play24:54

ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืžืกื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื

play24:59

ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืจืื”

play25:02

ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ

play25:06

ื™ืงืจื•ืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืชืงื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ

play25:09

ืฉืœื›ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขืœื• ืœืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ืœืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื

play25:12

ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืื ืืชื ืœื

play25:15

ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื’ืจืคื™ื ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืคืฉื•ื˜

play25:17

ืœืงืจื•ื

play25:19

ื’ืจืคื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื

play25:22

ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื” ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืก ื‘

play25:24

40 50

play25:26

ื ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืจื’ืข

play25:29

ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืจื’ืข ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ

play25:31

ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

play25:35

ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ

play25:40

ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื˜ืœื˜ืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•

play25:42

ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœ

play25:45

ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื› ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืชืงืŸ ืื– ืื ื—ื ื•

play25:48

ื‘ืฉื ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืฆื•ืขื”

play25:52

ืžืชื”ืคืš 10 ืขื“ ืฉื™ ืขืœ 10 ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื•

play25:56

ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืžื“

play26:01

ืœืงืจื•ืก ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ืชื›ืœืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•

play26:04

ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืžืกื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืœื”

play26:07

ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืก ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ

play26:10

ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

play26:13

ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•

play26:16

ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืœ ืื– ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช

play26:18

ืขืฆืžื›ื ืœืžื™ ืืชื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืจืง ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื

play26:23

ืื• ืœืืœื” ืฉื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฆืคื•ื™

play26:27

ืชืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืฉื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช

play26:30

ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื” ืคื” ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื•

play26:33

ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืชืงืช ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื”

play26:36

ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื

play26:38

ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจืืช ืื ื™

play26:42

ื”ืชื™ ืžื™ื—ื” ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™

play26:44

ืœื›ื ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ

play26:45

ื•ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื™ืกื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื”

play26:48

ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืขื“ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื‘ื ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื

play26:51

ื™ืืœืœื”

play26:53

[ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”]

play26:57

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