Open Loop Systems
Summary
TLDRIn this lecture, the focus is on open-loop systems in control systems. An open-loop system is one where the control action is independent of the system's output, lacking a feedback mechanism. Examples include an immersion water heater and a toaster, which operate without monitoring the output. The lecture highlights the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open-loop systems but also points out their inability to handle disturbances effectively. The session concludes with a teaser for the next lecture, which will cover closed-loop systems.
Takeaways
- 🔁 **Open Loop Systems**: Discussed in the lecture, these are systems where the control action is independent of the system's output.
- 🎯 **System Configurations**: Two types exist - open loop and closed loop, each with its own system behavior and characteristics.
- 🏗️ **Block Diagram**: The control system is divided into a controller section and a process section, with the controller managing the input for the process to generate the output.
- 🔑 **Reference Input**: The input to the system is now referred to as the reference input, which is controlled by the system's controller.
- ❌ **Lack of Feedback**: Open-loop systems do not have a feedback mechanism to adjust the input based on the output, making them less accurate and reliant on user experience.
- 🌡️ **Example - Immersion Water Heater**: Used as an example to illustrate an open-loop system, it heats water without a feedback mechanism to control the temperature.
- 🍞 **Example - Toaster**: Another example of an open-loop system, it heats bread without knowing when to stop, potentially burning the toast.
- 🛠️ **Simplicity and Economy**: Open-loop systems are praised for their simplicity in construction, economic design, and ease of use when output measurement is challenging.
- 🚫 **Vulnerability to Disturbances**: A significant disadvantage of open-loop systems is their inability to handle external disturbances effectively, affecting reliability.
- 🔄 **Transition to Closed-Loop**: To overcome the shortcomings of open-loop systems, a feedback loop is introduced, leading to the discussion of closed-loop systems in the next lecture.
Q & A
What are the two types of system configurations discussed in the lecture?
-The two types of system configurations discussed are open loop and closed loop.
What is an open-loop system?
-An open-loop system is one where the control action is independent of the system's output, meaning there is no feedback mechanism to adjust the input based on the output.
What is the role of the controller section in an open-loop system?
-In an open-loop system, the controller section is responsible for controlling the amount of input required to process the input, but it does not consider the system's output.
Can you provide an example of an open-loop system from the lecture?
-Yes, two examples given are an immersion water heater and a toaster. Both operate without feedback on the output, such as the temperature of the water or the bread.
What is the main advantage of open-loop systems as mentioned in the lecture?
-The main advantages of open-loop systems are their simplicity in construction and design, economic nature due to fewer elements, and convenience when the output is difficult to measure.
What is the primary disadvantage of open-loop systems?
-The primary disadvantage of open-loop systems is their inability to handle disturbances effectively, making them less reliable.
How does the presence of feedback in a system differ between open-loop and closed-loop systems?
-In open-loop systems, there is no feedback from the output to adjust the input, whereas in closed-loop systems, feedback is used to regulate the input based on the output.
What is the term used for the input to the system in the context of the lecture?
-In the context of the lecture, the input to the system is referred to as the 'reference input.'
How does the accuracy of an open-loop system depend on the user?
-The accuracy of an open-loop system depends on the user's experience because the system does not have a mechanism to automatically adjust for desired output.
What is the next topic that will be discussed in the following lecture?
-The next topic to be discussed is closed-loop systems, which will address the disadvantages of open-loop systems by introducing feedback mechanisms.
Outlines
🔧 Introduction to Open Loop Systems
This paragraph introduces the topic of open loop systems in control systems engineering. It contrasts open loop systems with closed loop systems, highlighting that in open loop systems, the control action is independent of the system's output. The lecture explains that an open loop system does not incorporate a feedback mechanism to adjust the input based on the output. Examples such as an immersion water heater and a toaster are used to illustrate the concept, where these devices operate without monitoring the output, leading to potential issues like overheating. The paragraph also touches on the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open loop systems, but notes their inability to handle disturbances effectively.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Control Systems
💡Open Loop Systems
💡Closed Loop Systems
💡Block Diagram
💡Controller Section
💡Process Section
💡Reference Input
💡Feedback Signal
💡Disturbance
💡Reliability
💡Economic
Highlights
Introduction to open loop systems in control systems lecture.
Definition of open loop systems and their contrast with closed loop systems.
Explanation of control system block diagram with controller and process sections.
Description of the role of the controller in managing input for the process section.
Concept of reference input and its processing to generate output in an open loop system.
Open loop systems' characteristic of independent control action from system output.
Example of an immersion water heater as a classic open loop system.
Example of a toaster illustrating the lack of feedback in open loop systems.
Advantage of open loop systems being simple in construction and design.
Economic benefits of open loop systems due to fewer elements and simple circuitry.
Suitability of open loop systems when output measurement is challenging.
Disadvantage of open loop systems in handling disturbances and reliability.
Transition from open loop to closed loop systems by introducing feedback.
Anticipation of the next lecture focusing on closed loop systems.
Conclusion and appreciation expressed for the audience's attention.
Transcripts
hello everyone and welcome back to the
next lecture of control systems in this
lecture we will discuss the open loop
systems in the previous lecture we
discussed the system response
characteristics and in that lecture at
the end we had discussion on the system
configurations we have two types of
system configurations one is the open
loop configuration and the other is the
closed loop configuration and on the
basis of system configuration we have
two types of systems one is the open
loop system and the other is the closed
loop system so now in this lecture we
will discuss the open loop systems so
let's get started
we have discussed the block diagram of
control system and we all know that any
control system will take an input it
will process the input and it will
generate the output but internally the
control system is divided into two
different sections one is the controller
section that controls the amount of
input that is required to process the
input and the other is the process
section that actually processes the
input in order to generate the output on
the left hand side we have the input to
the system and from now onwards we will
call this as a reference input and on
this side we have the output so now we
can say that any control system will
take an input and inside the control
system the controller will control the
amount of input that is required for the
process and the controlled input will
move on to the process section and it
will be processed in the process section
in order to generate the output in this
way we are done with the block diagram
of open loop system now let's move on to
some of the important points of open
loop system
an open-loop control system is a system
in which the control action is totally
independent of the output of the system
this point simply says that the input to
the system is totally independent of the
output it means that we don't have a
feedback signal that tells us how to
vary the input learn to increase or
decrease the input signal in order to
get the desired output in that case the
accuracy of the system depends on the
experience of the user to understand
this one classical example is immersion
water heater that immersion rod that we
put inside the water to heat it yes that
one
it goes on heating the water but it
doesn't have a feedback mechanism to
tell you how hot the water is and when
to stop heating the water that's why it
is a perfect example of an open-loop
system one more classic example is of a
toaster the toaster goes on increasing
the temperature of the bread but it
doesn't know when to stop heating and
that's why sometimes we get to know that
the toast has burned so now we are done
with the introduction of open-loop
system now let's move on to the
advantages of using open-loop system the
first advantage of any open-loop system
is it is simple in construction and
design because it does not have a
complex mechanism also it is economic
because it does not have many elements
present in it and the circuitry is
simple also it is convenient to use when
the output is difficult to measure so we
have some advantages of using open-loop
systems but on the other hand we also
have some disadvantages and the major
disadvantage of using any open-loop
system is it is poorly equipped to
handle disturbance and as it can't
handle disturbance it is not reliable so
in order to remove the disadvantages of
open-loop system we will add one
feedback factor from the output side to
the input side and in this way we will
move on to the closed-loop systems we
will discuss the closed-loop systems in
the next lecture as of now we are done
with this lecture thank you for watching
this lecture I will end this lecture
here see in the next one
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