Closed Loop Systems
Summary
TLDRIn this lecture on control systems, the focus shifts from open loop systems to closed loop systems, which overcome the reliability issues of their predecessors by incorporating feedback. The closed loop system continuously measures and adjusts the output to maintain the desired level, as exemplified by air conditioners and geezers that regulate temperature. The lecture highlights the higher accuracy and reliability of closed loop systems, contrasting them with the simplicity and lower cost of open loop systems. The importance of the feedback mechanism is emphasized, setting the stage for further exploration of control system dynamics and the role of Laplace transform in upcoming sessions.
Takeaways
- π Open loop systems have a major disadvantage as they cannot handle disturbances and do not know when to stop the process, such as an immersion water heater that heats water until manually switched off.
- π Closed loop systems overcome the limitations of open loop systems by continuously measuring the output and using a feedback signal to maintain the desired output, improving system accuracy and reliability.
- π The block diagram of an open loop system consists of a controller section and a process section, but lacks the feedback mechanism present in closed loop systems.
- π‘οΈ An air conditioner serves as an example of a closed loop system, continuously monitoring and adjusting to maintain the desired room temperature.
- πΏ A geezer, a type of water heater, is another example of a closed loop system that maintains a set temperature by monitoring and adjusting the heating process.
- π The presence of feedback in closed loop systems allows for error detection and correction, compensating for disturbances and enhancing system performance.
- π Open loop systems are generally less accurate and less reliable compared to closed loop systems due to their inability to handle disturbances.
- π οΈ Open loop systems are simpler and less expensive to design because they do not incorporate a feedback mechanism, making them more cost-effective.
- π§ Closed loop systems are more complex and expensive to design due to the additional feedback factor and the resulting complexity in circuitry.
- π The key differentiating factor between open and closed loop systems is the presence of feedback, which is absent in open loop and essential in closed loop systems.
- π The lecture concludes with aι’εof reviewing the Laplace transform in the next session, highlighting its importance in the study of control systems.
Q & A
What is the primary disadvantage of open loop systems discussed in the lecture?
-The primary disadvantage of open loop systems is that they are not able to handle disturbances effectively and do not know when to stop, leading to a lack of reliability.
How does a closed loop system overcome the limitations of an open loop system?
-A closed loop system overcomes the limitations of an open loop system by continuously measuring the output and feeding it back to the input to determine the error with respect to the desired output, allowing for adjustments to maintain the desired output.
What is the role of the error detection unit in a closed loop system?
-The error detection unit in a closed loop system measures the output continuously and compares it with the desired output to determine the error, which is then used to adjust the input accordingly.
Can you provide an example of a closed loop system mentioned in the lecture?
-An air conditioner is an example of a closed loop system, as it continuously monitors the temperature inside the room and adjusts the operation of the compressor to maintain the desired temperature.
How does a geezer, as a closed loop system, maintain the desired temperature of water?
-A geezer maintains the desired temperature by continuously monitoring the water temperature and turning off and on the heating element to maintain the set temperature, adjusting as needed when the temperature decreases.
What is the main difference between open loop and closed loop systems in terms of reliability?
-Closed loop systems are more reliable than open loop systems because they can handle disturbances and maintain accuracy, while open loop systems cannot effectively manage disturbances and are less accurate.
Why are open loop systems considered to be less complex in design compared to closed loop systems?
-Open loop systems are less complex in design because they do not involve a feedback mechanism, resulting in simpler circuitry without the need for additional components to process feedback signals.
How does the presence of feedback in closed loop systems affect the system's cost?
-The presence of feedback in closed loop systems makes them more expensive compared to open loop systems, due to the additional components and complex circuitry required for processing feedback signals.
What is the significance of the Laplace transform in the study of control systems as mentioned in the lecture?
-The Laplace transform plays an important role in control systems as it is used for analyzing and designing systems in the frequency domain, which is crucial for understanding system dynamics and stability.
What will be the focus of the next lecture following the one in the script?
-The next lecture will focus on a review of the Laplace transform, as it is an essential tool for further study and analysis of control systems.
Why is the feedback mechanism considered the distinguishing factor between open and closed loop systems?
-The feedback mechanism is the distinguishing factor because it is absent in open loop systems and present in closed loop systems, enabling the latter to adjust and maintain the desired output in response to disturbances.
Outlines
π Introduction to Closed-Loop Systems
This paragraph introduces the concept of closed-loop systems as a solution to the limitations of open-loop systems. It explains that open-loop systems lack the ability to handle disturbances and maintain desired outputs, as they do not measure output continuously. The paragraph uses the example of an immersion water heater to illustrate this point. It then contrasts this with closed-loop systems, which measure output continuously and use a feedback signal to adjust the input, ensuring the desired output is maintained. Examples of closed-loop systems include air conditioners and geysers, which monitor and adjust to maintain a set temperature. The paragraph concludes by highlighting the key advantage of closed-loop systems over open-loop systems in terms of reliability and accuracy.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Control Systems
π‘Closed Loop Systems
π‘Open Loop Systems
π‘Feedback
π‘Error Detection Unit
π‘Controller
π‘Process Section
π‘Desired Output
π‘Disturbance
π‘Geezer
π‘Laplace Transform
Highlights
Introduction to closed-loop systems as a solution to the disadvantages of open-loop systems.
Explanation of open-loop systems' inability to handle disturbances and their unreliability.
Description of the block diagram of an open-loop system, including the controller and process sections.
The immersion water heater example illustrating the lack of self-regulation in open-loop systems.
Introduction of feedback signals in closed-loop systems for continuous output measurement and error detection.
The role of the error detection unit in closed-loop systems to determine the error with respect to the desired output.
How controllers in closed-loop systems adjust input based on the desired response to achieve the desired output.
The air conditioner example demonstrating the continuous monitoring and regulation in closed-loop systems.
The geezer example showing how closed-loop systems maintain desired temperature by turning off and on.
Comparison of open-loop and closed-loop systems in terms of accuracy, reliability, and design complexity.
The cost difference between open-loop and closed-loop systems, with closed-loop systems being more expensive.
The distinguishing factor between open-loop and closed-loop systems: the presence of feedback.
Upcoming discussion on types of feedback in control systems.
Importance of the Laplace transform in control systems and its role in upcoming lectures.
Conclusion of the lecture with a summary of the key points discussed about closed-loop systems.
Applause and music signaling the end of the lecture.
Transcripts
hello everyone and welcome back to the
next lecture of control systems in this
lecture we will discuss the closed loop
systems in the previous lecture we
discussed about the open loop systems
and we also had discussion on some of
the disadvantages of using the open loop
systems and we all know that the open
loop systems are not reliable because
they are not able to handle the
disturbance so now in this lecture we
will try to overcome that disadvantage
and let's see how we can do it so let's
get started this is the block diagram of
an open loop system that we have already
discussed in the previous lecture and we
know that the open loop systems are
internally divided into two different
sections one is the controller section
which controls the amount of input that
is required for the desired output and
the process section processes the input
in order to generate the output but the
major disadvantage in case of the open
loop systems is that it does not know
when to stop or it is not able to handle
the disturbance we took one example of
an immersion water heater in the
previous lecture and we know that if we
put the heating rod inside the water and
we turn the switch on then the immersion
water heater starts heating the water
but it does not know when to stop
heating or we can say that that open
loop system does not know your desired
output and that's why it goes on heating
the water until you turn the switch off
so in order to maintain the desired
output we need to measure the output
continuously and we do it by using a
feedback signal in the closed loop
systems we can say the output the output
is measured continuously and is fed back
to the input where the error with
respect to the desired output is
determined we call this unit as the
error detection unit and then after that
the signal goes to the controller the
controller then controls the amount of
input according to the desired response
and then the controlled input goes to
the process section and hence we get the
desired output and this time the desired
output is maintained and in this way the
presence of feedback compensates for
the disturbance and it improves the
accuracy of the system an air
conditioner is a very good example of a
closed-loop system it continuously
monitors the temperature inside the room
and accordingly it turns off and starts
over the compressor which is present
outside the room and in this way it
maintains the desired temperature we can
have one more example of a geezer a
geezer is a water heater but here we can
set the desired temperature it
continuously monitors the temperature of
the water present inside and it turns
off and starts over again in order to
maintain the desired temperature
whenever the desired temperature is
achieved the Geezer will turn off and
after some time when the temperature
decreases it starts over again in order
to maintain the temperature so now we
are done with the introductory portion
of closed-loop systems and now we will
have a comparison of open loop systems
and the closed loop systems moving on to
the comparison between the open loop
systems and the closed loop systems we
can say that the accuracy of open loop
systems is low because they can't handle
disturbance whereas the accuracy of
closed loop systems is high because they
are able to handle disturbance
the open-loop systems are not that
reliable because they are not accurate
on the other hand the closed-loop
systems are more reliable because they
are more accurate the open-loop systems
are easy to design because there is no
feedback factor involved and the
circuitry is simple whereas the
closed-loop systems are complex in
design because an additional feedback
factor is involved and the circuitry is
complex due to all the three reasons the
open-loop systems are less expensive as
compared to the closed-loop systems but
the closed-loop systems are expensive
and now what is the distinguishing
factor between the two yes it is the
feedback which is the distinguishing
factor between the open-loop systems and
the closed-loop systems and is absent in
the open-loop and is present in the
closed-loop systems we will discuss the
types of feedback in the upcoming
sections of this course we will also
have the transfer function of a control
system but before that in the very next
lecture we will take a review of Laplace
transform because from now onwards the
Laplace transform will play an important
role in control systems as of now we are
done with this lecture I'll end this
lecture here see you in the next one
[Applause]
[Music]
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