Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details | The Engineers Post
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the intricacies of engines, focusing on their role as energy converters in automobiles. It distinguishes between internal and external combustion engines, emphasizing the internal type's significance as the car's 'heart.' The script provides a detailed exploration of engine components, including the cylinder block, head, oil pan, manifolds, and pistons, highlighting their functions and materials. It also touches on the importance of the crankshaft, camshaft, and flywheel in power transmission, offering viewers a comprehensive understanding of an engine's anatomy and operation.
Takeaways
- 🔧 An engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical energy, with heat engines burning fuel to create heat for work.
- 🔥 The process in an engine starts with a spark that ignites a mixture of petrol vapor and compressed air, leading to rapid combustion.
- 🏗️ There are two types of engines: internal combustion engines, which burn fuel inside the cylinder, and external combustion engines, which burn fuel outside the cylinder.
- ❤️ The engine is often referred to as the heart of an automobile, highlighting its central role in vehicle function.
- 🏭 The main parts of a car engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan, manifolds, gaskets, piston, and various other components.
- 🧱 The cylinder block serves as the engine's basic framework, with features like cylinder, ports for valves, and passages for cooling water.
- 🔩 The cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block and contains the combustion chamber, valve guides, and coolant jackets.
- 💧 The oil pan, part of the crankcase, acts as a reservoir for engine oil, which is crucial for lubrication and cooling.
- 🔄 Manifolds are sets of pipes that carry the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases, typically made to withstand high temperatures.
- ⚙️ The crankshaft is a central component that transforms the piston's reciprocating motion into rotational motion, key for power transmission.
- 🔄 The camshaft operates the engine valves, controlling the intake of the air-fuel mixture and the exhaust, critical for the engine's cycle.
Q & A
What is the primary function of an engine?
-An engine's primary function is to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy, specifically through the use of heat engines that burn fuel to create heat, which is then used to do work.
What are the two types of engines mentioned in the script?
-The two types of engines mentioned are internal combustion engines, which burn fuel inside the engine cylinder, and external combustion engines, which burn fuel outside the cylinder.
How does the spark initiate the process in an internal combustion engine?
-The spark initiates the process by igniting a mixture of petrol vapor and compressed air inside a momentarily sealed cylinder, causing it to burn rapidly.
What is the role of the cylinder block in an engine?
-The cylinder block serves as the basic framework for the engine, housing the cylinder in which the piston moves, providing ports for valves, and passages for cooling water flow.
What materials are commonly used to make a cylinder block?
-Cylinder blocks are typically made of gray cast iron or aluminum and its alloys.
What are the functions of the cylinder head in an engine?
-The cylinder head contains the combustion chamber above each cylinder, valve guides, valve seats, ports, coolant jackets, and threaded holes for spark plugs. It also incorporates passages for cooling water flow.
What is the difference between dry and wet cylinder liners?
-Dry liners are barrel-shaped with a flange at the top and are machined accurately at both outer and inner interfaces, while wet liners are in direct contact with cooling water at their outer face and are machined accurately only at the inner surface.
What is the purpose of piston rings in an engine?
-Piston rings form a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent high-pressure gases from the combustion chamber from entering the crankcase.
How does the connecting rod contribute to the engine's motion?
-The connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft, which is essential for power transmission.
What is the significance of the crankshaft in an engine?
-The crankshaft is a critical component from which power is taken in an engine. It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotating motion with the help of the connecting rod.
What is the purpose of the flywheel in an engine?
-The flywheel, attached to the rear end of the crankshaft, uses its inertia to help maintain a constant speed of the crankshaft during the engine's operation.
Outlines
🔧 Introduction to Engines and Their Components
This paragraph introduces engines as machines that convert energy into mechanical energy, focusing on heat engines that burn fuel to create heat for work. It distinguishes between internal and external combustion engines and emphasizes the engine's central role in the automotive industry. The video promises an exploration of the function and construction of internal combustion engine parts, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan, manifolds, gasket, piston, piston ring, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, flywheels, rod bearing, main bearings, and bearing caps.
🏗️ Detailed Examination of Engine Components
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of engine components. It describes the cylinder block as the engine's framework, made of materials like gray cast iron or aluminum alloys, and details its parts such as the cylinder, ports, and cooling passages. The cylinder head is highlighted as a crucial part attached to the block with studs and gaskets, containing a combustion chamber and various other features. The paragraph also discusses the crankcase, oil pan, manifolds, and gaskets, explaining their construction, materials, and functions within the engine.
🔩 Further Analysis of Engine Parts
This section continues the in-depth analysis of engine components, focusing on the cylinder liners, which are essential for preventing wear and can be replaced when worn out. It explains the two types of cylinder liners: dry and wet, each with its specific construction and contact with cooling water. The paragraph then discusses pistons, their function in converting pressure energy into mechanical power, and their interaction with piston rings for sealing and reducing friction. It also covers piston rings and their materials, types, and the importance of maintaining a good seal.
🏋️♂️ Engine Mechanics and Power Transmission
The final paragraph discusses the mechanics of power transmission in engines. It describes the connecting rod's role in converting the piston's linear motion into the crankshaft's rotary motion, emphasizing its need to be lightweight yet strong. The piston pin, or wrist pin, is introduced as a critical component connecting the piston to the connecting rod. The paragraph then explains the crankshaft, detailing its construction from heat-treated alloy steel and its function in power transmission. It also covers the camshaft, flywheel, and engine valves, highlighting their materials, functions, and the mechanisms that drive them.
📚 Conclusion and Call to Action
The concluding paragraph serves as a call to action, inviting viewers to download a PDF for more information, share the video, and subscribe to the channel for updates on new videos. It also includes a musical note, indicating the video's engaging and educational tone throughout.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Engine
💡Internal Combustion Engine
💡Cylinder Block
💡Cylinder Head
💡Crankshaft
💡Piston
💡Connecting Rod
💡Camshaft
💡Flywheel
💡Manifolds
💡Gaskets
Highlights
An engine is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.
Heat engines burn fuel to create heat, which is then used to do work.
The chain of reactions in an engine is initiated by a spark that ignites a mixture of petrol vapor and compressed air.
There are two types of engines: internal combustion and external combustion engines.
Internal combustion engines burn fuel inside the engine cylinder.
External combustion engines burn fuel outside the cylinder.
The engine is the heart of an automobile and is essential to the automotive industry.
The main parts of a car engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan, manifolds, gasket, and piston.
Cylinder block is the basic framework for the engine and consists of the cylinder, ports, and passages for cooling water.
Cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block and contains a combustion chamber, valve guides, and coolant jackets.
Crankcase is the bottom portion of the cylinder block where the crankshaft is fitted.
Oil pan serves as a reservoir for the storage, cooling, and ventilation of engine lubricating oil.
Manifolds are sets of pipes attached to the cylinder head that carry the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases.
Gaskets are used to provide a tight fitting joint between two surfaces in the engine.
Cylinder liners are used to avoid cylinder wear and can be replaced when worn out.
Pistons are cylindrical plugs that move up and down in the cylinder, converting pressure energy into mechanical power.
Piston rings maintain a good seal between the piston and the cylinder wall.
Connecting rods convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft.
Crankshaft is the engine component from which power is taken, converting reciprocating motion into rotating motion.
Camshaft is responsible for the opening of the valves, changing rotary motion into linear motion.
Flywheel is a heavy steel wheel that helps maintain constant speed of the crankshaft.
Engine valves control the timing of the air-fuel mixture entry into the cylinder and combustion products out.
Transcripts
an engine is a machine designed to
convert one form of energy into
mechanical energy
heat engines burn fuel to create heat
which is then used to do work it is a
complex machine built to convert heat
from burning gas into the force that
turns the wheels
the chain of reactions that achieve that
objective is set in motion by a spark
which ignites a mixture of petrol vapor
and compressed air inside a momentarily
sealed cylinder and causes it to burn
rapidly
the engine has two types one is the
internal combustion engine and another
one is the external combustion engine
the internal combustion engine is those
heat engines that burn their fuel inside
the engine cylinder
external combustion engines are those
heat engine that burns their fuel
outside the
cylinder the engine is one of the most
essential parts of the automobile
industries or we can also say that the
engine is the heart of an automobile
so in this video we'll take a look at
the function and construction of each
engine parts of an internal combustion
engine
so be sure to like this video subscribe
to the channel and press the bell icon
to get notifications of our new videos
[Music]
the main parts of an car engine are
cylinder block
cylinder head
oil pan
manifolds
gasket
and
piston
a piston ring
piston pin
connecting rod
crankshaft
camshaft
flywheels
rod bearing
main bearings
and bearing caps
now let's take a look at each of engine
parts with details starting with
cylinder block
it is the basic framework for the engine
and one of the main part of an engine
a cylinder block consists of three parts
the cylinder in which the piston slid up
and down
the port or opening for the valves
the passages for the flow of cooling
water
the cylinder block is usually made of
gray cast iron or aluminium and its
alloys while the crankcase is fixed to
its bottom
apart from these other parts like timing
gear
water pump
ignition distributor
flywheel
fuel pump are also attached to it
[Music]
coolant passages are provided in the
cylinder walls for the circulation of
cooling waters
cylinder block also carries lubrication
oil to various components through
drilled passages that is called oil
galleries
cylinder
head cylinder head is another main part
of an engine it is a joint between the
cylinder head and cylinder block
it is usually made up of cast iron and
aluminium alloy
the cylinder head is attached to the
cylinder block using studs fixed to the
block gaskets which are used to provide
a tight leak-proof joint between the
head and block
the cylinder head contains a combustion
chamber above each cylinder
and it also contains valve guides
valve seats
ports
coolant jackets
and threaded holes for spark plugs it
incorporates passages for the flow of
cooling water
there are three different types of
cylinder head is available that depends
upon the valve and port layout
loop flow type
offset cross flow type and
inline cross flow type
in the loop flow type the inlet and the
exhaust manifolds are on the same side
which facilitates preheating of the
intake air
in the offset cross flow type the inlet
and the exhaust manifolds are placed on
different sides of the cylinder head
in the inline cross flow type the valve
is positioned transversely and usually
inclined to each other while the inlet
and the exhaust manifolds are on
different sides of the cylinder head
this arrangement gives better
performance but it is costlier
crankcase
the oil pan and the lower part of the
cylinder block together are called the
crank case
it is the bottom portion of the cylinder
block in which the crankshaft is fitted
this is a rigid construction made of
gray cast iron or aluminium
either it can be cast integrally with
the block or can be cast separately and
attached to the block with bolts
the crankcase is shaped simply like a
box having no bottom surface
the function of the crank case is to
provide support for the main journals
and bearing of the crankshaft rigidly
maintaining the alignment of their axes
of rotation under various engine loads
oil pan
the bottom half of the crankcase is
called the oil pan or sump it is
attached to the crankcase through set
screws and with a gasket to make the
joint leak proof
the oil pan serves as a reservoir for
the storage cooling and ventilation of
engine lubricating oil
at the bottom of the oil sump a drain
plug is provided to drain out the dirty
oil at the time of oil replacement
generally the sump is made of pressed
steel sheet or aluminium alloy casting
is also used
the oil pump in the lubricating system
draws oil from the oil pan and sends it
to all working parts in the engine the
oil drains often runs down into the pan
thus there is a constant circulation of
oil between the pan and the working
parts of the engine
manifolds
there are separate sets of pipes
attached to the cylinder head which
carries the air fuel mixture and the
exhaust gases these are called manifolds
it is generally made of cast iron so
that it can withstand the high
temperature of the exhaust gases
gaskets
gaskets are used to provide a tight
fitting joint between two surfaces
gaskets are found in the joint between
the cylinder head and the cylinder block
between the crank case and oil pan
and in between the cylinder block and
manifold
materials used for gaskets are
cork asbestos
rubber
gaskets produced by the fuel pro usa are
cylinder head gaskets
oil pan gaskets
manifold gaskets
and pump gaskets
cylinder liners
the cylindrical shaped liners are used
to avoid the cylinder wear it is one of
the most important functional part to
make up the interior of an engine
cylinder liners can be replaced after
they are worn out
these are made of special alloy iron
containing silicon
manganese
nickel
and chromium
usually these are cast centrifugally
these liners resistance to wear and
corrosion and are the oil hardening type
that offers considerably longer life for
the engine
there are two types of cylinder liners
will be available they are dry liners
and wet liners
dry liner is made in the shape of a
barrel with a flange at the top which
keeps it into position the entire outer
surface bears against the cylinder block
casting and hence these are machined
accurately at both outer and interfaces
wet liners will be in direct contact
with the cooling water at their outer
face because of this these liners need
not be machined very accurately at the
outer surface
however they have been machined
accurately at the inner surface
[Music]
pistons
these are the most important engine
parts compared to others the piston is a
cylindrical plug that moves up and down
in the cylinder it helps to convert
pressure energy obtained by the
combustion of fuel into useful
mechanical power and it transfer this
power to the crankshaft through the
connecting rod
the highest position of the piston
reaches in the cylinder is called the
top dead center and the lowest position
it reaches is called the bottom dead
center
it is provided with about three to five
piston rings that provides a good seal
between the cylinder wall and piston the
efficiency and economy of the engine is
primarily depend on the working of the
piston
the material used for the piston is
mainly cast iron and aluminium alloy it
may be either cast or forged
the piston is usually small in diameter
than the bore of the cylinder the space
between the cylinder and the cylinder
wall is called the piston clearance
this piston clearance provides a space
for a layer of lubricant between the
piston and cylinder wall to reduce
friction
generally piston clearance is
0.025 millimeters to
0.100 millimeters
piston rings
the piston rings are fitted into the
grooves of the piston to maintain a good
seal between the piston and the cylinder
wall
the function of piston rings is to form
a seal for the high pressures gases from
the combustion chamber entering into the
crank case
the material generally used for piston
rings is
fine grained alloy cast iron containing
silicon and manganese it has good heat
and wear resisting qualities
mainly there are two types of piston
rings available they are compression
rings and oil control rings the number
of piston rings used is about two to
four compression rings and 1 to 2 oil
control ring was used
connecting rod
it is fitted in between the piston and
crankshaft the main function of the
connecting rod is to convert the
reciprocating motion of the piston into
the rotary motion of the crankshaft
connecting rod in an ic engine is must
be light and strong enough to withstand
stress and twisting forces
it usually has i-beam cross-section and
is made of alloy steel of duralumin by
drop forging
the small end of the connecting rod has
either a solid eye used to connect the
piston by the piston pin
the big end of the connecting rod is
always split and it is used to connect
the crank pin of the crankshaft
[Music]
pin
the piston pin is also called wrist pin
or gauge and pin it is used for
connecting the small end of the
connecting rod and the piston
it is made hollow to reduce weight and
it is made from case hardened steel
mainly there are three types of piston
pins available
they are
set screw types piston pin
this pin is fastened to the piston by a
set screw
semi floating piston pin it is fastened
to the connecting rod with the clamp
screw
fully floating piston pin
the pin floats in both the piston bosses
and the small end of connecting rod it
is prevented from coming in contact with
the cylinder wall by two circlips
crankshaft
the crankshaft is the engine component
from which the power is taken
it is one of the main power transmission
sources in all engine parts
it is the first part of the power
transmission system in which the
reciprocating motion of the piston is
converted into the rotating motion with
the help of connecting rod
the crankshaft is made of casting or
forging of heat treated alloy steel and
is machined
a crankshaft consists of crank pins
wedge balancing weight and main journals
and oil holes
the front end of the crankshaft carries
three devices they are a gear that
drives the camshaft
the vibration damper to control
torsional vibration and the fan belt
pulley
this pulley drives the engine fan water
pump and generator with a v belt
the rear end of the crankshaft carries
flywheel the flywheel tends to keep the
crankshaft running at constant
camshaft
a camshaft is a shaft on which cams are
mounted
a cam is a device that changes the
rotary motion of the cam shaft into the
linear motion of the follower
it is responsible for the opening of the
valves a cam shaft has several cams
along the leg the cam shaft is driven by
the crankshaft and it has twice the
gears as many teeth as the gear on the
crankshaft and it turns at half the
speed of the crankshaft
camshaft made from forged alloy steel
there are three types of the camshaft
drive mechanism they are gear drive
chain drive and belt drive
[Music]
flywheel
the flywheel used in a transmission
system of a vehicle a flywheel is a
heavy steel wheel attached to the rear
end of the crankshaft
the size of the flywheel depends upon
the number of cylinders in the
construction of the engine
the inertia of the flywheel tends to
keep the running of the crankshaft at a
constant speed
engine valves
these are essential to control the
timing of air fuel mixture entry into
the cylinder and combustion products out
of the cylinders engine valves are
located at the inlet and outlet opening
of the engine cylinder the valves fit on
the valve seats in their closed position
that's it thanks for watching
if you want to download the pdf check
out the link in the description
if you like this video
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[Music]
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