Cybersecurity and crime | Internet 101 | Computer Science | Khan Academy
Summary
TLDRJenny Martin from Symantec and Parisa from Google discuss the alarming rise of cybercrime, affecting individuals, businesses, and national security. They explain how cybercriminals exploit software vulnerabilities and human error to steal sensitive information, hijack systems, and launch attacks like distributed denial-of-service. The speakers highlight the importance of individual actions in cybersecurity, emphasizing that most breaches are due to human mistakes rather than technical flaws.
Takeaways
- 🔒 Cybercrime poses significant threats to society, impacting individuals, finances, and national security.
- 💸 Millions of sensitive records, including credit card numbers, social security numbers, and health care records, have been compromised in recent years.
- 🛡️ Cyber attacks can target critical infrastructure, such as nuclear centrifuges and unmanned aerial drones.
- 👥 Cybercriminals are diverse, ranging from international terrorists to teenagers seeking notoriety.
- 🌐 Nations now maintain cyber armies alongside traditional military forces, suggesting a shift towards digital warfare.
- 💻 Computer viruses are malicious programs that infect and spread by exploiting vulnerabilities or deceiving users into installation.
- 📊 A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack overwhelms websites with excessive traffic from multiple sources, causing them to crash.
- 🎣 Phishing scams deceive users into revealing sensitive information, like passwords, through fake emails and websites.
- 🔐 Despite efforts by companies and governments, human error is the leading cause of security breaches, accounting for 90% of incidents.
- 👥 Everyone has a role to play in cybersecurity, as individual actions can affect the security of broader networks and communities.
Q & A
What is the role of Jenny Martin at Symantec?
-Jenny Martin is the Director of Cybersecurity, Investigations at Symantec, where she likely oversees the investigation of cybercrimes and the development of cybersecurity strategies.
What are some examples of the impact of cybercrime on society mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions that cybercrime has led to the theft of hundreds of millions of credit card numbers, the compromise of tens of millions of social security numbers and health care records, and even the hacking of nuclear centrifuges and hijacking of unmanned aerial drones.
How do cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in software to commit crimes?
-Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in software by tricking users into installing malicious programs, taking advantage of unintentional decisions made by users, or by exploiting inherent weaknesses in the software without needing explicit permission.
What is the significance of having a cyber army in the context of national security?
-A cyber army signifies a nation's capability to engage in cyber warfare, which could potentially involve shutting down critical infrastructure such as national water supplies, energy grids, and transportation systems, thus posing a significant threat to national security.
What is Parisa's role at Google, and how does it relate to cybersecurity?
-Parisa is referred to as Google's Security Princess, implying that she is involved in enhancing the security of Google's products, likely by working on various projects to ensure the software is as secure as possible against cyber threats.
How does a computer virus function, and how is it similar to a biological virus?
-A computer virus functions by infecting a computer system, often unintentionally, and can replicate itself to other computers. It is similar to a biological virus in that it injects its code into the system and uses the system's resources to replicate, potentially causing harm to the host system.
What are some methods attackers use to infect computers with viruses?
-Attackers may use deception, such as disguising viruses as security updates, or exploit software vulnerabilities to install viruses without explicit user permission.
What is a botnet, and how is it used in cybercrime?
-A botnet is a network of compromised computers controlled by a hacker, often used to launch coordinated attacks such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, where the target is overwhelmed with traffic from multiple sources, causing it to crash.
How does a denial-of-service (DoS) attack differ from a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack?
-A DoS attack involves overwhelming a website with requests from a single source, while a DDoS attack involves overwhelming a website with requests from many computers at once, making it more difficult to defend against.
What is a phishing scam, and how do cybercriminals use it to steal personal information?
-A phishing scam is a tactic where cybercriminals send deceptive emails that appear to be from a trustworthy source, tricking recipients into revealing sensitive information such as login credentials by directing them to fake websites.
Why is it important for individuals to take steps to protect themselves from cybercrime?
-Individual actions are crucial in cybersecurity because they not only protect personal data and computers but also contribute to the overall security of networks and systems at schools, workplaces, and homes. As cybercriminals become more sophisticated, everyone needs to stay vigilant and informed.
Outlines
🔒 Cybersecurity Threats and Their Impact
Jenny Martin, Director of Cybersecurity at Symantec, discusses the severe consequences of cybercrime, which affect society on multiple levels, including personal, financial, and national security. She highlights the theft of credit card numbers, social security numbers, and health care records, as well as the hacking of nuclear centrifuges and hijacking of drones. These crimes exploit vulnerabilities in hardware and software or take advantage of unintentional user decisions. The perpetrators are diverse, ranging from international terrorists to teenagers. The script also warns that future conflicts might be cyber-based, targeting critical infrastructure like water supplies, energy grids, and transportation systems.
🛡️ Protecting Software from Cyber Threats
Parisa, Google's Security Princess, explains her role in enhancing the security of Google's software. She provides an overview of how cybercrime operates, including the mechanisms of software viruses, denial-of-service attacks, and phishing scams. The analogy between biological viruses and computer viruses is drawn, explaining how the latter infects and spreads through executable programs. The paragraph details how viruses can be installed through deceptive means or software vulnerabilities, and the potential harm they can cause, such as stealing or deleting files, controlling programs, or enabling remote computer access. It also describes how hackers can use infected computers to form a botnet for launching distributed denial-of-service attacks, overwhelming websites with excessive requests. The paragraph concludes with a mention of phishing scams, where hackers trick users into revealing sensitive information through fake emails and websites.
📧 Phishing Scams and Human Error
The script explains that phishing scams involve sending spam emails to deceive people into revealing personal information, such as passwords, which can then be used to access real accounts for theft. It emphasizes that despite the efforts of companies, laws, and government organizations to secure the internet, these are often insufficient. The paragraph points out that the majority of hacking incidents are not due to software bugs but rather simple human mistakes. It concludes by stressing the importance of individual actions in cybersecurity, as these can affect not only personal security but also the security of broader communities, such as schools and workplaces. The paragraph calls for vigilance as cybercriminals continue to evolve their tactics, and everyone must stay informed and proactive in protecting against cyber threats.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cybercrime
💡Vulnerabilities
💡Botnet
💡Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS)
💡Phishing Scams
💡Cyber Army
💡Computer Virus
💡Security Princess
💡Human Error
💡Cybersecurity
💡Spam Email
Highlights
Cybercrime is causing significant problems for society, affecting individuals, finances, and national security.
Hundreds of millions of credit card numbers have been stolen in recent years.
Tens of millions of social security numbers and health care records have been compromised.
Critical infrastructure like nuclear centrifuges and unmanned aerial drones have been hacked.
Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in hardware and software or take advantage of user errors.
Cybercriminals have diverse profiles, ranging from international terrorists to teenagers.
Nations now maintain cyber armies alongside traditional military forces.
The next world war might be fought with computers targeting critical national infrastructure.
Parisa, Google's Security Princess, discusses the inner workings of cybercrime.
Computer viruses are executable programs that infect and harm computers, often unintentionally installed.
Viruses can spread to other computers and be used to create botnets for large-scale attacks.
Attackers infect computers through deception or by exploiting software vulnerabilities.
Once installed, a virus can steal, delete files, control programs, or enable remote computer control.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks involve overwhelming websites with excessive requests.
Phishing scams trick people into revealing sensitive information through fake emails and websites.
Many companies, laws, and government organizations are working to improve internet security.
Most system hacks are due to human error rather than security bugs.
Individual actions significantly impact the security of personal data, computers, and broader networks.
As cybercriminals evolve, everyone needs to stay vigilant and protect themselves.
Transcripts
- Hi. My name's Jenny Martin
and I'm the Director of Cybersecurity
Investigations at Symantec.
Today cybercrime causes huge problems
for society.
Personally, financially, and even
in matters of national security.
Just in the last few years,
hundreds of millions of credit card numbers
have been stolen.
Tens of millions of social security numbers
and health care records were compromised.
Even nuclear centrifuges have been hacked
and unmanned aerial drones have been hijacked.
This is all done by exploiting vulnerabilities
in hardware and software.
Or more often by taking advantage of
unintentional decisions made by the people
using the software.
The people committing these cybercrimes
don't fit a single profile or motivation.
It could be anyone from an international terrorist,
to a teenager competing for bragging rights.
Today, the largest countries not only
have a regular army, but also have
a well-armed cyber army.
In fact, the next world war may not
be fought with traditional weapons
but with computers, used to shut down
national water supplies, energy grids,
and transportation systems.
- Hi. My name is Parisa
and I'm Google's Security Princess.
I've worked on a lot of different Google products
in a lot of different ways to try and make our software
as secure as possible.
Now let's take a look at how cybercrime
works under the hood.
We'll learn about software viruses,
denial-of-service attacks, and phishing scams.
In biology in life, a virus is an organism
that is spread by coughing, sneezing,
or physical contact.
Viruses work by infecting cells,
injecting their genetic material
and using those cells to replicate.
They can make people really sick
and then spread to other people.
A computer virus works a bit similarly.
A virus is an executable program
that gets installed, usually unintentionally,
and harms a user and their computer.
It's also possible for a virus to spread itself
to other computers.
Now how does a virus get on your computer
in the first place?
There are couple ways an attacker
can infect someone's computer.
They might lure a victim into installing a program
with deception about the program's purpose.
So for example, a lot of viruses are disguised
as security updates.
It's also possible that the software on your computer
has a vulnerability.
So an attacker can install itself
without even needing explicit permission.
Once a virus in on your computer
it can steal or delete any of your files,
control other programs, or even allow someone else
to remotely control your computer.
Using computer viruses, hackers can take over
millions of computers worldwide.
And then use them as a digital army,
otherwise known as a botnet,
to attack and take down websites.
This kind of attack is called
a distributed denial-of-service.
A denial-of-service is when hackers
overwhelm a website with too many requests.
We call it a distributed denial-of-service
when the attack comes from many computers
all at once.
Most websites are ready to respond
to millions of requests a day,
but if you hit them with billions or trillions
of requests coming from different places,
the computers are overloaded and stop responding.
- Another trick used by cybercriminals
is to send large amounts of spam email
in an attempt to trick people
into sharing sensitive personal information.
This is called a phishing scam.
A phishing scam is when you get
what seems like a trustworthy email
asking you to login to your account,
but clicking the email takes you to a fake website.
If you login anyway, you've been tricked
into giving your password away.
Hackers can then use your login credentials
to access your real accounts
to steal information, or maybe even
to steal your money.
Fortunately there are many companies,
laws, and government organizations
working to make the internet safer.
But these efforts are not enough.
You may think when a computer system gets hacked,
the problem was the security design,
or the software.
90% of the time a system gets hacked however,
it's not because of a security bug,
but because of a simple mistake made by a human.
- It turns out there are steps we can all take
to protect ourselves.
Often, your actions not only impact
the security of your own data and computer,
but the security of everyone
at your school, workplace, and home.
With billions or trillions of dollars at stake,
cybercriminals get smarter each year,
and we all need to keep up.
関連動画をさらに表示
Enterprise Computing Preliminary Course Unit 3: Principals Of Cybersecurity
Der unsichtbare Krieg | Doku HD | ARTE
Warum DEINE Daten im DARKNET nichts mehr wert sind
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Course - 2.2 Explain Common Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces - PART B
SMT 1-3 Client Side Security
How to Prevent Ransomware? Best Practices
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)