Kimia Hijau/Green Chemistry, penerapan dan contohnya - Kimia kelas 10 Kurikulum Merdeka

Summary

In this video, the concept of Green Chemistry (Kimia Hijau) is introduced, focusing on its definition, principles, and real-world applications. Green Chemistry aims to design chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances, emphasizing prevention over remediation. The video outlines 12 principles of Green Chemistry, such as waste prevention, energy efficiency, and the use of safer materials. Practical examples include replacing harmful chemicals like CFCs and tetraethyl lead with environmentally friendly alternatives, demonstrating the relevance of Green Chemistry in daily life and industries.

Takeaways

• 😀 Green Chemistry aims to design chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use of harmful chemicals.
• 😀 Green Chemistry is a preventative approach that focuses on minimizing dangers from both chemical processes and products.
• 😀 The growing global population increases the demand for industries, which in turn raises the risks associated with chemical processes, making Green Chemistry essential.
• 😀 The Green Chemistry principles, first introduced by Paul Anastas in 1998, emphasize preventing harm rather than managing it after it occurs.
• 😀 Chemical processes and products can pose physical hazards (e.g., explosions), toxicity risks, carcinogenic effects, environmental pollution, and climate change.
• 😀 The first Green Chemistry principle is waste prevention—it's better to prevent waste from occurring than to deal with it afterward.
• 😀 The second principle focuses on maximizing the economic value of atoms in chemical reactions to avoid atomic waste.
• 😀 Green Chemistry advocates for safer and more environmentally friendly materials, as seen in the replacement of harmful substances like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in detergents.
• 😀 Energy efficiency is promoted in Green Chemistry to minimize energy usage by choosing faster, less energy-consuming reactions.
• 😀 Green Chemistry encourages the use of renewable materials and environmentally safer substances, replacing harmful additives like tetraethyl lead in fuels with safer alternatives like methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).

Q & A

What is green chemistry?

Green chemistry is an approach in chemistry that focuses on designing chemical products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. The main goal is to prevent potential hazards in both chemical processes and the products they create.

Why is green chemistry important?

Green chemistry is important because the increasing human population leads to higher demands for products, which in turn pushes industries to grow. This growth can result in environmental risks, such as pollution and toxic waste. Green chemistry aims to reduce these risks by adopting safer, more sustainable chemical practices.

Who first introduced the principles of green chemistry?

The principles of green chemistry were first introduced by Paul Anastas and John Warner in 1998.

What are some potential dangers posed by traditional chemical processes?

Traditional chemical processes can pose several dangers, including physical hazards like explosions, toxicity from chemicals, carcinogenic risks, environmental pollution, and even contributing to global climate change.

What are the 12 principles of green chemistry?

The 12 principles of green chemistry include: (1) Preventing waste, (2) Maximizing atom economy, (3) Minimizing the use of hazardous substances, (4) Designing safe chemical processes, (5) Using safer solvents, (6) Improving energy efficiency, (7) Using renewable raw materials, (8) Reducing derivatives, (9) Using catalysts, (10) Designing products for degradation, (11) Direct analysis to prevent pollution, and (12) Preventing accidents.

How does green chemistry prevent environmental pollution?

Green chemistry prevents pollution by designing processes and products that minimize waste and use safer raw materials. For example, avoiding harmful solvents and designing biodegradable products helps reduce pollution in water and land.

Can you give an example of a green chemistry application in everyday life?

One example of green chemistry in daily life is the replacement of harmful substances in household products. For instance, the replacement of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in detergents with more environmentally friendly alternatives like methyl ester sulfonates (MES). These alternatives break down more easily in the environment, preventing water pollution.

What are some common hazardous chemicals that green chemistry seeks to replace?

Green chemistry seeks to replace hazardous chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which damage the ozone layer, and tetraethyl lead (TEL) in gasoline, which is harmful to human health and the environment.

What is the environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

CFCs contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. As the ozone layer thins, more UVB rays reach the Earth's surface, leading to global warming and the melting of polar ice caps, which raises sea levels.

How has green chemistry helped in the development of more eco-friendly refrigerants?

Green chemistry has contributed to the development of more eco-friendly refrigerants by replacing harmful substances like CFCs with alternatives like hydrochloro-fluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which have less impact on the ozone layer and global warming.