Why Germany will Lose the 2030s

Aaron Watson
9 Mar 202417:19

Summary

TLDRドイツは経済の大きな難題に直面しています。世界第四位の経済大国であり、化学、自動車、金融サービス、エンジニアリングのグローバルリーダーでもあります。しかし、エネルギーの独立性に欠け、製品の需要が縮小し、人口構造が激変しているという問題があります。ドイツの経済は巨大で、カー、化学製品、医薬品など重要な製品を生産していますが、これらの製品の大部分は国外に輸出されています。人口は高齢化しており、労働力不足や年金コストの増加を懸念しています。中国との貿易は記録的なハイですが、中国経済の減速と欧米との緊張がドイツに影響を与えています。エネルギー面では、核力の廃止と対露ガス依存が問題視されています。ドイツはこれらの課題にどう対応するのか、次の10年間は非常に興味深いでしょう。

Takeaways

  • 🌐 ドイツは世界第四位の経済大国であり、EU圏の事実上のリーダーです。化学、自動車、金融サービス、エンジニアリングなど、多くの分野で世界をリードしています。
  • 📈 ドイツは貿易黒字を維持しており、輸出額が輸入額を上回っています。また、米国、日本、英国、インドよりも良い債務対GDP比率を誇ります。
  • 🔍 ドイツ経済は、エネルギーの独立性に欠け、製品の需要が減少し、人口構造が急速に変化するなど、現代経済の中で最も深刻な課題に直面しています。
  • 🏭 ドイツの化学産業は世界的に優れており、世界最大の化学企業であるBASFは、2022年に920億ドルの売り上げを達成しました。
  • 🚗 ドイツの自動車産業は世界的な需要に依存しており、BMWやフォルクスワーゲン、ポルシェ、メルセデスなどの80%以上の車が海外で販売されています。
  • 👵 ドイツの人口は高齢化しており、中位年齢は44歳で、労働力不足や年金コストの増加という問題に直面しています。
  • 🌍 ドイツは中国を主要な輸出先として依存しており、2016年以来、中国はドイツの最大の輸出先となっていますが、中国経済の減速はドイツに影響を与える可能性があります。
  • 💸 ドイツはエネルギー供給にロシアからの天然ガスを依存しており、北溪プロジェクトを通じて供給されていますが、ロシアとの緊張関係の高まりによりエネルギー価格が倍増しています。
  • 📉 2023年には、BASFの欧洲エネルギーコストが前年比で2.9億ドル増加し、中国の経済減速による需要の減少が収益に影響を与えました。
  • 🇪🇺 ドイツ経済の動向はEU全体に影響を与え、ドイツはEUの安定性に大きく貢献していますが、EU内部の経済的課題もドイツ経済に影響を及ぼしています。

Q & A

  • ドイツはなぜ経済の分岐点に立っているとされていますか?

    -ドイツは世界第四位の経済大国であり、EU圏での事実上のリーダーであり、化学、自動車、金融サービス、エンジニアリングなどの分野で世界的なリーダーシップを築いていますが、エネルギーの独立性不足、製品に対する需要の縮小、人口構造の激変など、現代経済に直面する最も深刻な課題に直面しています。

  • ドイツの化学産業はなぜ重要なのでしょうか?

    -化学産業はドイツ経済の重要な部分であり、BASFのような世界最大の化学企業が拠点を置いており、自動車、アディダスなどのスポーツウェア、医薬品などへの化学材料の供給に貢献しています。

  • ドイツの自動車産業はなぜ世界的に成功しているのですか?

    -ドイツの自動車産業は高い技術力、高品質の製品、そして効率的な生産能力を持つことで世界的な成功を収めており、BMW、フォルクスワーゲン、ポルシェ、メルセデスなどのブランドが世界的に認知されています。

  • なぜドイツは輸出に依存していると言われていますか?

    -ドイツは生産性の高い製品を生産するため、国内需要を上回る供給を創出し、輸出に依存しています。特に自動車産業は、国内生産の80%以上を海外市場に輸出しています。

  • ドイツの人口構造は経済にどのような影響を与えますか?

    -ドイツは高齢化が進んでおり、労働力の減少や年金コストの増加、労働コストの上昇などの問題に直面しています。これにより、ドイツの製品の輸出競争力が低下する可能性があります。

  • 中国経済の現状はドイツにどのような影響を与える可能性がありますか?

    -中国はドイツの主要な輸出先であり、中国経済の減速はドイツの輸出需要に直接的な影響を与える可能性があります。また、中国の不動産バブルや銀行危機などの経済問題は、ドイツ経済にも間接的な影響を及ぼす可能性があります。

  • ドイツはどのようにしてエネルギーの独立性を強化する予定ですか?

    -ドイツは核エネルギープラントの再稼働や移民の受け入れ拡大を通じて、エネルギーの独立性を強化する可能性がありますが、国内の反対意見を克服する必要があります。

  • ドイツ経済が直面する課題を克服するためには、どのような戦略が必要ですか?

    -ドイツ経済は、エネルギーの独立性の強化、人口構造の改善、新しい輸出市場の開拓など、多角的な戦略を必要としています。

  • EUの安定性はなぜドイツ経済にとって重要なのですか?

    -EUはドイツの輸出主導の成長モデルの基盤を提供しており、EUの安定性はドイツ経済の健康に直接的な影響を与えます。EUの分崩离析はドイツ経済に大きな打撃を与える可能性があります。

  • ドイツはどのようにして中国からの依存を減らす予定ですか?

    -ドイツは東南アジア、アフリカ、ラテンアメリカなどの新しい市場への輸出を拡大し、中国からの依存を減らす戦略を検討していますが、これらの市場の購買力は中国に比べて低いため、新たな解決策を模索する必要があります。

Outlines

00:00

🌍 ドイツ経済の現状と課題

ドイツは世界第四位の経済大国であり、化学、自動車、金融サービス、エンジニアリングなどの分野で世界をリードしています。また、貿易黒字を維持し、アメリカ、日本、英国、インドよりも良い債務対GDP比率を有しています。しかし、エネルギーの独立性不足、製品需要の縮小、人口の激減という現代経済の最も深刻な課題にも直面しています。ドイツの経済は巨大で、世界に必要な製品を生産していますが、国内の需要よりも大幅に供給が過剰であり、輸出に依存しています。人口は高齢化しており、労働力の減少と年金コストの増加が懸念されます。

05:00

📉 ドイツ製品の輸出と中国経済の影響

ドイツの製品は世界中に輸出されており、特に中国が重要市場となっています。2016年以来、中国はドイツの最大の輸出先となり、自動車産業を中心に輸出が拡大してきました。しかし、中国経済は不安定になり、不動産バブルや銀行危機、地方債務危機、若者失業問題など多くの課題に直面しています。これにより、ドイツの輸出需要が減少し、経済に影響を及ぼす可能性があります。また、中国との関係は政治的緊張や貿易戦争によって複雑化しており、ドイツ経済はこれに直面する必要があります。

10:03

🔄 エネルギー政策の転換と経済への影響

ドイツはかつて核力で約30%の電力を供給していましたが、公衆の反対と安全問題の懸念から核力プラントを廃止し、天然ガスや石炭に依存するようになりました。これにより、エネルギーコストが増加し、特に化学産業などエネルギーを大量に消費する産業に影響を与えています。また、ロシアからの天然ガス依存が高まり、政治的緊張や供給停止のリスクが増大しています。これにより、ドイツのエネルギーコストが高騰し、経済に圧力をかけています。

15:05

🇪🇺 ドイツとEUの未来

ドイツ経済はEUの安定に大きく依存しており、EUの金融危機などに対するドイツの役割は重要です。しかし、EUはイタリアやギリシャ、スペインなどの経済問題に直面しており、インフレーションや失業率の高さが懸念されます。また、EUの解散の可能性や過去の対立が復活するリスクもあります。これにより、ドイツ経済は貿易障壁や通貨変動などの問題に直面する可能性があります。ドイツはエネルギーの安全確保や人口の高齢化に対処する必要があり、国内の反対に直面しながらも、核力の再稼働や移民の受け入れを検討する必要があります。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡ドイツ

ドイツは世界第四位の経済大国であり、ユーロ圏の事実上のリーダーです。また、化学、自動車、金融サービス、エンジニアリングなどの分野で世界的なリーダーシップを持ち、貿易黒字を維持しています。このビデオでは、ドイツが直面する課題や将来の展望について議論されています。

💡エネルギー独立

エネルギー独立とは、国が自国のエネルギー需要を自らの資源で満たすことを指します。ビデオでは、ドイツがエネルギー独立を確保するために取り組む必要があると指摘されており、特に核力発電所の廃止後に問題が指摘されています。

💡人口減少

人口減少とは、一定の地域の人口が徐々に減少する現象を指します。ビデオでは、ドイツの人口が高齢化を進めており、労働力不足や年金コストの増加という経済への影響が懸念されています。

💡貿易黒字

貿易黒字とは、国が輸出額が輸入額を上回ることを指します。ドイツは貿易黒字を維持しており、自動車や化学製品などの輸出がその経済を支えています。

💡中国

中国はドイツの最大の輸出入パートナーであり、ビデオでは、中国経済の減速がドイツの輸出に影響を与える可能性について触れられています。また、中国の不動産バブルや若年層失業問題など、経済への懸念点が語られています。

💡ロシア

ロシアはドイツに自然ガスを供給する重要なパートナーですが、ビデオでは、ウクライナ情勢やそれに伴う経済制裁が、ドイツのエネルギー供給に影響を与えていると指摘されています。

💡Nord Stream

Nord Streamは、ロシアからドイツに向かうガス輸送パイプラインプロジェクトです。ビデオでは、このプロジェクトがドイツのエネルギー供給に重要な役割を果たしていると語られていますが、ウクライナ情勢下での制裁の影響も懸念されています。

💡BASF

BASFは世界最大の化学会社であり、ドイツに本社を置いています。ビデオでは、BASFがエネルギーを化学製品に変換する重要な役割を果たしていると紹介されており、エネルギー価格の変動が企業に与える影響についても議論されています。

💡欧州連合 (EU)

欧州連合はヨーロッパ諸国が経済的、政治的な整合を図る組織です。ビデオでは、ドイツがEUの安定性に多大な貢献をしているとされていますが、EU内の一部国が経済的困難を抱えており、ドイツ経済にも影響を与える可能性があります。

💡自動車産業

ドイツの自動車産業は国経済の重要な部分であり、BMW、フォルクスワーゲン、ポルシェ、メルセデスベンツなどの有名ブランドがあります。ビデオでは、これらの自動車メーカーが世界市場に依存しており、中国などの主要市場の動向が重要であると指摘されています。

Highlights

德国是世界第四大经济体,是欧元区的实际领导者。

德国在化工、汽车、金融服务和工程领域是全球领导者。

德国持续保持贸易顺差,出口额超过进口额。

德国的债务与GDP比率优于美国、日本、英国和印度。

德国面临现代经济最严重的挑战之一,包括能源不独立、产品需求减少和人口锐减。

德国近三分之一的劳动力在制造业、建筑业和采矿业等蓝领工业部门就业。

德国是世界上最大的化学品公司BASF的所在地,2022年收入920亿美元。

德国经济是生产导向型的,高度依赖出口。

德国人口老龄化,中位年龄为44岁,这对消费和劳动力市场构成挑战。

德国80%的宝马、大众、保时捷和奔驰汽车在其他国家销售。

中国自2016年以来一直是德国最大的出口目的地。

中国的经济增长可能达到转折点,对德国出口构成风险。

德国曾依赖核能,但现已完全关闭核电站,转而使用煤炭。

德国前总理施罗德推动了北溪天然气管道项目,直接从俄罗斯输送天然气到德国。

德国能源价格翻倍,BASF的欧洲能源费用在2022年增加了29亿美元。

德国经济的挑战也影响整个欧洲,作为欧盟最大的经济体,德国对欧盟的稳定至关重要。

德国可能需要重新激活核电站和开放移民以应对能源不安全和人口老龄化。

Transcripts

play00:00

Germany stands at a Crossroads it boasts

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the world's fourth largest economy and

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is the de facto leader of the Euro Zone

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it's also a global leader in chemicals

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Automotive Financial Services and

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Engineering while consistently running a

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trade surplus exporting more than it

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Imports and Germany has a better debt to

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GDP ratio than the United States Japan

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the UK and India however the country

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also faces some of the gravest headwinds

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of any modern economy over the last two

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decades the Germans have hitched their

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cart to China the European Union and

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Russia Today those look like three of

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the worst Partners to be relying upon in

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this video will break down the trouble

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that Germany faces in the coming years

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including a lack of energy Independence

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a shrinking pool of demand for its

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products and a sharp demographic

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Cliff Germany's economy is huge and they

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make important stuff that people need

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like cars chemicals and

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pharmaceuticals nearly onethird of all

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Germans are employed in Blue Collar

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industrial sectors like manufacturing

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Construction and Mining compare that to

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their neighbors in France where just 22%

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of French citizens work in those same

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blue callar industrial sectors and I

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need to repeat that they are world class

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in a number of these industries one of

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the most interesting is turning energy

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into chemicals the modern chemical

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industry was effectively started in

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Germany the largest Chemical Company in

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the world BASF is based in Germany and

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did $92 billion in Revenue in 2022

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BASF alone uses about as much energy as

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Costa Rica and its Flagship campus is

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effectively an entire city within Ludwig

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shof and Germany it produces Plastics

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polyurethanes and other chemicals that

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go into German automobiles Adidas

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apparel and bare Pharmaceuticals but the

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folks who buy those German products

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largely reside outside of Germany in

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economic

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this is called a production Le economy

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German corporations are some of the most

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efficient skilled and well organized on

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the planet as a result they produce a

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far greater supply of these Goods than

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the German population actually needs

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this makes them highly reliant on their

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ability to export here's a striking

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example German cars are shipped all over

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the world 80% of BMWs out AES

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Volkswagens Porsches and Mercedes are

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purchased in other countries compare

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this to the United States which is a

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consumption Le economy which can absorb

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enormous amounts of goods and services

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due to a large population and a high GDP

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per capita in America only

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12% of Chevys Fords Cadillacs and

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Chryslers are sold outside the US and

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this is just one of many Industries

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powering the German economy that relies

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upon healthy markets with an appetite

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for their goods the other reason that

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Germany's economy is production Le is

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their demographics Germany is old with a

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median age of 44 now that's not quite

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Japan but it's worse than China Russia

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France the United States swed Sweden and

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basically every other major power on the

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European continent young families buy

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the most stuff old people consume less

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and save more and past a certain age old

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people stop making new people

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additionally this causes issues with

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labor costs data from the federal

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statistical office indicates that by

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2030 30% of the German population will

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be over the age of 65 potentially

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leading to a labor shortage and

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increased pension costs the labor force

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participation rate is projected to

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decline from 78% to 73% by 2030

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necessitating strategies to integrate

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more women and migrants into the

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workforce or increase the retirement age

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in a market where the supply of labor

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goes down costs will inevitably go up up

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and higher labor costs mean that German

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products get more expensive which will

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also hurt their ability to export them

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inevitably Germany's population will

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shrink in the coming decades the degree

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to which that occurs is really just a

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factor of how open or closed they are to

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immigration and regardless they're going

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to need to be able to export and for the

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last decade the most important market

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for German Goods has been

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China China first surpassed the United

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States as Germany's leading export

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destination in

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2016 and has been the top market for

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German exports for the last 7 years

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since then the trade between the two

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countries has continued to grow reaching

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a record high of

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299 billion Euro in

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2022 over 30% % of German car exports

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are destined for

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China but the unparalleled Chinese

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growth of the 2000s may be reaching a

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Tipping Point they've got a real estate

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crisis a banking crisis a local

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government debt crisis that exceeds $13

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trillion and they've got a youth

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unemployment crisis which they stopped

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reporting as soon as the numbers got bad

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and here we are seeing the premere at

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Davos saying they grew GDP at 5.3% and

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No One Believes that are you worried

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about the debt Pile in China we have to

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be we all have to be worried about it

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Chinese apartment prices are the most

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probably after treasury Bond's most

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important asset class in the world and

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they are declining um we are seeing a

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real real estate problem in China this

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is not a video where I break down the

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Chinese economy but I can summarize one

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of the problems quite simply the Chinese

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population is shrinking and it's doing

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so at a faster rate than Germany's we

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already know that's one of Germany's

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biggest problems at home but being their

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primary export destination it not only

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means that demand is shrinking but that

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they could face some real economic

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turmoil the Chinese economic model which

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fueled Decades of unprecedented growth

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is showing signs strain the real estate

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sector once a critical engine of growth

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is now a source of instability with

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overleveraged companies and a bubble

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that threatens to burst this slowdown

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could lead to reduced demand for the

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luxury goods and Industrial Products

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directly impacting Germany's exports the

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geopolitical landscape further

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complicates this relationship tensions

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between China and the West have

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escalated with trade Wars and Technology

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restrictions creating an uncertain

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environment for global trade Germany

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finds itself caught in the crossfire the

play07:59

need to navigate these tensions while

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maintaining access to the Chinese market

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presents a strategic dilemma for German

play08:07

policy makers and Business Leaders in

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response Germany is trying to diversify

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its export markets and reduce its

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dependence on China but while new

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markets like southeast Asia Africa and

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Latin America are younger they have far

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less buying power than the world's

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number two economy this ultimately

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leaves German Leaders with few new

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options for maintaining let alone

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growing their economic

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fortunes so only 20 years ago Germany

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got almost a third of its electricity

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from nuclear power if Germany had kept

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that nuclear power we'd be having a very

play08:48

different discussion now there might not

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even be a Ukraine war German

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manufacturing requires a lot of energy

play08:56

these aren't white color jobs where you

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need enough power to keep the lights on

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in an office and run a coffee machine

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the Germans are doing intensive

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industrial production when Gard schroer

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became chancellor of Germany in 1998 he

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came with a plan to reform Germany's

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economy remix its energy profile and

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pivot foreign policy under Schroeder's

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chancellorship Germany embarked on the

play09:21

nordstream project a direct gas pipeline

play09:25

from Russia to Germany through the

play09:27

Baltic Sea bypass pass ing traditional

play09:30

Transit countries Russian natural gas

play09:33

would be cheaper than other sources

play09:35

while also being relatively cleaner than

play09:38

the coal that is abundant in Germany

play09:40

environmentalists were becoming more

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vocal in Germany at the turn of the

play09:44

century now there's reasons to question

play09:46

was this a completely organic phenomenon

play09:49

or was it an analog version of the

play09:52

covert influence operations that Russia

play09:55

has since become famous for in the

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intervening decades it has become

play10:00

increasingly clear that this is a pillar

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of Russian Foreign Affairs strategy it's

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also odd that the German

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environmentalist movement isn't

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particularly logical in addition to

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advocating for renewable energy like

play10:13

wind and solar power there was also a

play10:16

push to decommission nuclear power

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plants across the country in 1999

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nuclear energy in Germany constituted a

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significant portion of the country's

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Energy Mix at that time Germany had more

play10:31

than 20 reactors in operation producing

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23 gaw of nuclear capacity nuclear power

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generation was accounting for 30% of

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Germany's electric needs while producing

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zero carbon emissions but the German

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public was caught up in the idea that it

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was dangerous this grew with public

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accidents at 3 Mile Island in

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1979 Chernobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in

play11:00

2011 but in reality this is like how

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airplane crashes get more news coverage

play11:05

than car accidents statistically you're

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more likely to be in a car crash and

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killed by it than you are to be hurt in

play11:13

an airplane yet nearly everyone gets

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into a motor vehicle every day without

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any anxiety yet the rare airplane issue

play11:22

is headline grabbing stuff and leads to

play11:25

an outsized public psychosis in April of

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2023 the last remaining nuclear plants

play11:33

in Germany were permanently shut down

play11:35

but because wind is intermittant and

play11:37

Germany isn't particularly Sunny the

play11:41

primary source of Base power for the

play11:43

German grid has returned to Cole so why

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would Schroeder do this a naive mind

play11:52

might think well he was just doing his

play11:54

best to try to clean up the grid but his

play11:58

career at after politics suggests he had

play12:01

some other influences the fact that

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Vladimir Putin was sitting on the other

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end of the nordstream pipeline didn't

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bother Schroeder just weeks before he

play12:11

was voted out of office his government

play12:13

guaranteed $1 billion towards the

play12:16

nordstream project days after leaving

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the government he became the CEO of

play12:23

nordstream AG the company responsible

play12:26

for the pipeline's operation he then

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became chair of the board of Russia's

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largest oil producer rosf when he joined

play12:34

Ros nef's board the oil firm was under

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sanctions by the US for Putin's actions

play12:40

in Crimea in

play12:42

2022 20 days before Putin invaded

play12:45

Ukraine he joined the board of gazprom

play12:48

Russia's state-controlled gas giant

play12:52

since then Russian oil and gas has again

play12:55

come under sanctions nordstream 1 and 2

play12:58

2 have been sabotaged and German Energy

play13:02

prices have more than doubled and

play13:04

remember BASF their main complex in

play13:08

Germany consumes as much natural gas as

play13:11

the nation of Switzerland in 2022 the

play13:14

company's European Energy bill increased

play13:17

by $2.9 billion over the year before

play13:21

simultaneously the slowdown in China

play13:24

harshly accounted for their revenue in

play13:26

2023 dropping to 70 7 billion a 19%

play13:31

decline from 2022 it has had to shut

play13:34

down plants and reduce capacity across

play13:36

its portfolio due to Rising input costs

play13:40

there's no clear pathway to relief

play13:42

anytime soon Putin seems far from giving

play13:45

up in Ukraine and those nuclear plants

play13:47

don't just turn back on all of this put

play13:50

additional stress on a German economy

play13:52

that was already under severe pressure

play13:55

but this doesn't just affect Germany it

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affects all of Europe as Germany goes so

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goes the European Union as the eu's

play14:05

largest economy it has often taken the

play14:07

lead in navigating the block through

play14:10

financial crises exemplified by its

play14:12

Central role in bailouts for Greece

play14:15

Ireland Portugal and Cyprus during the

play14:18

Eurozone crisis these efforts show

play14:21

Germany's commitment to the EU stability

play14:24

but they don't just do this from a sense

play14:26

of Charity German leaders recognize that

play14:29

its own economic fortunes are deeply

play14:32

intertwined with the health of the Union

play14:34

economic hardship in the EU destabilizes

play14:37

the Euro the currency that underpins

play14:41

Germany's trading within the block the

play14:43

eu's single Market is a Cornerstone of

play14:46

Germany's export-led growth model

play14:48

allowing for the seamless flow of goods

play14:51

services and capital across member

play14:54

states the dissolution of this

play14:57

integrated Market would erect trade

play14:59

barriers introduce Regulatory and

play15:01

currency complexities and fragment the

play15:04

economic landscape for Germany this

play15:07

would mean a significant disruption to

play15:09

its export Pathways potentially leading

play15:11

to reduced Market access and increased

play15:13

cost for German products abroad a return

play15:16

to National currencies would introduce

play15:18

exchange rate volatility further

play15:20

complicating trade for German businesses

play15:23

we've already seen this with brexit

play15:25

which imposed costs on both the UK and

play15:27

its Trading partn ERS like Germany but

play15:30

even if the block were to stay together

play15:31

for the next few decades it would still

play15:33

be facing severe headwinds Italy is the

play15:36

third largest economy in the EU yet has

play15:38

a nearly

play15:40

150% debt to GDP ratio and high

play15:43

unemployment rates Greece remains anemic

play15:47

and Spain's unemployment is north of 11%

play15:51

inflation in Eastern Europe is

play15:53

ridiculous Hungary Latvia and Lithuania

play15:56

are all north of 20 % and right now the

play16:01

European Union is the least bad of

play16:04

Germany's three essential Partnerships

play16:07

but I'd argue that the group retains the

play16:09

most explosive hail risk of the three

play16:13

Europe's half century of relative peace

play16:15

is an extreme historical outlier EU

play16:18

membership paired with NATO has created

play16:21

a degree of alignment that has neutered

play16:24

the historic rivalries that many of

play16:26

these countries have baked into their

play16:29

cultures should the EU dissolve there

play16:31

would be one less barrier between

play16:33

Germany and the rivalries of its past

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Germany's in trouble and there is no

play16:38

clear pathway to turning things around

play16:40

to counter their energy insecurity and

play16:42

aging demographics they could work to

play16:45

reactivate their nuclear plants and open

play16:48

themselves to immigration but both of

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those moves would require overcoming

play16:53

substantial opposition from

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constituencies inside the country I'm

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not enough to devise any other Solutions

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but I'm also not dumb enough to count

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out the Brilliance of the German people

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regardless it will be extremely

play17:07

interesting to watch them navigate the

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next decade if you enjoyed this video

play17:11

check out our video on how Bayern Munich

play17:13

became one of the top football clubs in

play17:15

the

play17:18

world

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