The 1987: CONSTITUTION AFTER MARTIAL LAW.

Summary

The video script delves into the history and significance of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, crafted under President Corazon Aquino after the Marcos dictatorship. It outlines the Constitution's structure, detailing the branches of government, their powers, and the roles of key commissions. The script also touches on various attempts at constitutional amendments and the concept of charter change, highlighting the complexities and challenges involved in modifying the foundational legal document of the Philippines.

Takeaways

• 📜 The constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation or state is governed.
• 🌟 Corazon Aquino, the first female president of the Philippines, played a pivotal role in the creation of the 1987 constitution after martial law.
• 🏛️ The 1987 Philippine Constitution aimed to limit presidential powers and re-establish a bicameral congress, moving away from the previous dictatorial structure.
• 📝 President Aquino's government had three options for the constitution: revert to the 1935 Constitution, retain the 1973 Constitution with reform powers, or create a new one.
• 📜 The new constitution was drafted to reflect the aspirations and ideas of the Filipino people, emphasizing democratic principles.
• 📆 In 1986, a Constitutional Convention was established, composed of 48 members appointed by President Aquino, to draft the new constitution.
• 🏢 The 1987 Constitution established the Philippines as a democratic republic, with a clear division of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
• 👩‍⚖️ The Supreme Court and lower courts hold the judicial power, tasked with settling legal disputes and controversies.
• 🛠️ Constitutional changes in the Philippines can be proposed through people's initiative, assembly, or constitutional convention.
• 🔄 Various attempts have been made to amend the 1987 Constitution, with varying degrees of success, reflecting the complexities and challenges of constitutional reform.

Q & A

What is the definition of a constitution according to the script?

A constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation is governed, implying that it is a set of rules guiding how a country, state, or political organization operates.

Who was Corazon Aquino and what was her role in the 1987 Constitution?

Corazon Aquino, also known as Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino, was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines and the first female president. She oversaw the drafting of the 1987 Constitution, which limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the bicameral congress.

What were the three options available to the Aquino government regarding the constitution after martial law?

The Aquino government had three options: revert to the 1935 Constitution, retain the 1973 Constitution with the power to make reforms, or start a new constitution to break from the dictatorial past.

What was the transitional constitution proclaimed by President Aquino in March 1986?

The transitional constitution, also known as the Freedom Constitution, was proclaimed by President Aquino in March 1986 to last for a year, during which a constitutional commission drafted the permanent constitution.

What were the main functions of the 1986 Constitutional Convention?

The 1986 Constitutional Convention was created to draft a new constitution that would restore democratic principles and prevent the return of a dictatorial government. It was composed of 48 members with diverse backgrounds and representations.

What is the significance of the preamble in the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

The preamble in the 1987 Constitution establishes the Philippines as a democratic republic state where sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

How is the executive power distributed according to the 1987 Constitution?

The executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines, who is the head of state and government, and functions as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President also has control over various offices and bureaus.

What are the three commissions established by the 1987 Constitution?

The three commissions are the Civil Service Commission (CSC), the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), and the Commission on Audit. They are responsible for government personnel, elections, and government financial audits, respectively.

What is the role of the Office of the Ombudsman in the executive branch?

The Office of the Ombudsman is in charge of promoting ethical and lawful conduct in government, investigating complaints related to corruption and unlawful behavior of public officials.

What are the methods for proposing amendments to the 1987 Constitution?

Amendments to the 1987 Constitution can be proposed by one of three methods: people's initiative, constitutional assembly, and constitutional convention.

What was the significance of Proclamation No. 58 issued by President Aquino?

Proclamation No. 58 announced the official canvassing of the results and the ratification of the draft constitution, marking the full force of the 1987 Constitution.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to the Philippine Constitution

The script introduces the concept of a constitution as a set of fundamental principles guiding a nation's governance. It highlights the 1987 Philippine Constitution, drafted under President Corazon Aquino, who was the first female president of the Philippines. The constitution was created to replace the previous dictatorial regime and was designed to reflect the aspirations of the Filipino people. It established a democratic republic with a bicameral congress and limited presidential powers, marking a significant shift from the 1973 constitution.

05:01

🏛️ The Structure of the Philippine Government

This paragraph delves into the structure of the Philippine government as outlined in the 1987 Constitution. It details the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive power is vested in the President, who is both the head of state and government. The legislative power is exercised by the Senate and the House of Representatives, while the judicial power is held by the Supreme Court and lower courts. The paragraph also mentions the three constitutional commissions responsible for civil service, elections, and audit, as well as the Office of the Ombudsman, which promotes ethical conduct in government.

10:02

📜 Constitutional Reforms in the Philippines

The script discusses the history of constitutional changes in the Philippines, noting that there have been six constitutions since the country's independence. It focuses on the 1987 Constitution and the various attempts to amend it, including the People's Initiative and the Constitutional Convention. It mentions several failed attempts to change the constitution, such as those by President Estrada and President Arroyo, and touches on President Duterte's advocacy for federalism, which led to the creation of a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution.

15:04

🎶 Music and Foreign Elements

This paragraph seems to be a placeholder or an error in the script, as it contains only musical notes and the word 'foreign,' followed by more musical notes. There is no substantial content to summarize in this section of the script.

Keywords

💡Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. In the video, the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines is discussed, which is a key document that outlines the framework of the government and the rights of its citizens. It is central to the video's theme of understanding the political and legal history of the Philippines.

💡Cory Aquino

Corazon Aquino, also known as 'Cory,' was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first female president. She played a pivotal role in the drafting of the 1987 Constitution, which marked a significant shift from the dictatorial regime of Ferdinand Marcos. The video highlights her contributions to the restoration of democracy and the establishment of a new constitutional framework for the country.

💡Bicameral Congress

A bicameral congress refers to a legislative body that is divided into two separate assemblies or houses, which is a common feature in many democratic systems. In the context of the video, the 1987 Constitution re-established the bicameral congress in the Philippines, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, to provide checks and balances on the executive power.

💡Dictatorial Government

A dictatorial government is a form of autocratic rule characterized by a single ruler or small group of rulers with absolute power. The video discusses the transition from the dictatorial regime of Marcos to a more democratic system under Aquino, emphasizing the importance of the 1987 Constitution in preventing the return to such a form of governance.

💡Constitutional Convention

A constitutional convention is a gathering of representatives or delegates for the purpose of drafting or amending a constitution. The video mentions the creation of a constitutional convention in 1986, composed of 48 members appointed by President Aquino, which was tasked with drafting the new constitution that would guide the Philippines towards a more democratic future.

💡Executive Power

Executive power refers to the authority vested in the highest office of the government, typically the president or prime minister. In the video, it is explained that the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines vests executive power in the President, who is both the head of state and the head of government, with responsibilities including the appointment of cabinet secretaries and overseeing various government offices.

💡Judicial Power

Judicial power is the authority of the courts to interpret and apply the law. The video describes the judicial power in the Philippines as being vested in the Supreme Court and lower courts, emphasizing their role in settling legal disputes and ensuring the rule of law.

💡Ombudsman

An ombudsman is an official who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or corruption. In the video, the Office of the Ombudsman is mentioned as an institution within the executive branch that promotes ethical and lawful conduct among government officials.

💡Constitutional Reform

Constitutional reform refers to the process of amending or modifying a constitution. The video discusses various attempts at constitutional reform in the Philippines, including the efforts to change the 1987 Constitution through different methods such as people's initiative, constitutional assembly, and the creation of a consultative committee under President Duterte.

💡Federalism

Federalism is a political system in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments. The video mentions President Duterte's advocacy for federalism as part of his vision for constitutional reform, aiming to create a system that balances central authority with regional autonomy.

Highlights

Introduction of the concept of a constitution as a set of fundamental principles guiding a political organization.

Corazon Aquino's role as the 11th President of the Philippines and her involvement in drafting the 1987 Constitution.

The 1987 Constitution's establishment of a democratic republican state with sovereignty residing in the people.

Limitation of presidential powers and re-establishment of bicameral congress in the 1987 Constitution.

Three options considered by the Aquino government for the constitution: reverting to the 1935 Constitution, retaining the 1973 Constitution, or starting anew.

Creation of a Constitutional Convention in 1986 to draft the new Constitution, reflecting the aspirations of the Filipino people.

The transitional 'Freedom Constitution' of 1986, which maintained many provisions of the old Constitution.

The executive power vested in the President of the Philippines as per the 1987 Constitution.

Appointment powers of the President, including cabinet secretaries and other key government officials.

The legislative power distribution among Senators and House Representatives in the Philippine government.

The judiciary's role in settling actual controversies and its composition in the Philippine court system.

The division of the Constitution into three commissions: Civil Service Commission, Commission on Elections, and Commission on Audit.

The Office of the Ombudsman's role in promoting ethical and lawful conduct of government officials.

Historical overview of the six constitutions in the Philippines since the proclamation of independence.

The process of constitutional reform in the Philippines, including the methods of proposing amendments.

Failed attempts to amend the 1987 Constitution in 1995 and 1997 due to various challenges and controversies.

President Duterte's advocacy for federalism and the creation of a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution.

Overview of the different attempts at charter change and their outcomes across various Philippine administrations.

Transcripts

[Music]

hello everyone my name is jefferson

lloyd a de la cruz

first year

bs and criminology

hello everyone my name is de la pena

first year bsn

criminology college from bs in

criminology

hey you

do you know what is a constitution is

the constitution is defined as a set of

fundamental principle or established

presentence according to which a

governed thus the word itself means to

be part of a wool the coming together of

distinct entities into one group with

the same principles and ideas so a

constitution is a set of rules that

guide how a country state or other

political organization works the 1987

constitution after martial law but first

let's find out who corazon aquino is in

what part she played in

1987 constitution after martial

corazon aquino

well known as

maria horizon corey sumulunko

aquino was a filipina politician who

served as the 11th president of the

philippines from february 25 1986

to june 30 1982

a six years of service

she was the first female president of

the philippines

aquino

oversaw the drafting of the 1987

constitution which limited the powers of

the presidency and re-establish the

bicameral congress

successfully removing the previous

dictatorial government structure

the president carlson aquino government

had three options regarding the

constitution

first reverted to the 1935 constitution

or by the ebal 1935 the constitution

which is the commonwealth constitution

second retain the 1973 constitution and

be granted to the power to make reforms

so he added 1973 constitution

presidential marcos tapos

last start a new and break from the

vestiges of the disgraced dictatorial

ship

dictatoria so what did grasson latino

government choose

so they decided to make a new

constitution that according to the

president herself should be truly

reflected to the aspirations and ideas

of the filipino people so amping in

in march 1986 president aquino

proclaimed the transitional constitution

to last for a year where a conventional

commission drafted the permanent

constitution so on march 1986 negligence

the transitional constitution called the

freedom constitution maintain many

provisions of the old one including the

rewriting for the presidential right

rights to rule by the decree so

maramidin

so in 1986 a constitutional convention

was created composed of 48 members

appointed by the president aquino from

the varied backgrounds and

representations the

the convention draw of the permanent

constitution largely restoring the setup

abolished by marcos in 1972 but with the

new ways to keep the prevention in check

and reaction to the experience of marcus

ruth so nervous

1970

president

because it will lead to another

dictatorial ship

on february 2 1987 the new constitution

was officially adapted the constitution

begins with the pre-humble eighth and

self-contained article it established

the philippines as the democratic

republican state where sovereignty

resided in the people in all government

authority emanates from them it

allocates government powers among the

executive legislative and judicial

branches of the government

the executive branch

according to the article 7 section 1 of

the constitution states that

the executive power shall be vested to

the president of the philippines this

means that the president is the head of

the state and head of the government and

functions as the commander-in-chief of

the armed forces of the philippines

he she controls over all the offices and

bureaus

like the president the vice president

the cabinet the local government senate

president

speaker of the house

representatives and many more

and the appointment of cabinet

secretaries to executive department

according to the article 9 section 16

the president may appoint anyone

first is the executive secretary

agrarian reform

second is the executive secretary

agricultural energy or they are called

the

alter egg alter ego of the president and

the respect respective department

in the local governments we have

legislative power under under that we

have

senators

24 senators elected by a large popular

vote

and house representatives composed of

the district

all all over the philippines

in the philippine court system

judiciary and under under to the

judiciary supreme courts and lower

courts

in supreme courts there are 15 members

in court

in charge in overseeing functioning

and

administration

of the lower courts

the constitution

is divided into three commissions

first is the civil service commission or

the csc

the second one is the commission on

election or the comelec the third

is

commission on

audit the first one is the civil service

commission a central agency in charge

in charge of a government personnels

the second one is the commission of

election commission on elections or the

community they are the ones to

enforce and administers all elections

laws and regulations

the third one is the commission on audit

they are they examines all funds

transactions

and

property accounts of the government

but in

the executive branch is

the office of ombudsman in charge the

office of

ombudsman is in charge to promote the

the

ethical

ethical and lawful conduct of government

they investigate complaints pertain to

corruption unlawful behavior of public

officials and other misconflict

hello once again so i'm gonna continue

the discussion

the philippine court system is beasted

with the power of the judiciary

so the judicial power rests with the

supreme court in the lower courts

its duty to settle

the actual controversies

involving rights which are legally

demandable and enforceable so it is

disagreements between two sides

the next is the constitutional changes

so in the philippines

we had a total of six constitutions

since the proclamation of the

independence day on june 12 1818

so

we're gonna follow us

on the constitution that

created by the

first and

by the first

woman

president

korean democracy was restored in 1986

president corazon

c aquino

issued proclamation number three

suspending certain provision of the 1973

constitution and pro

promulgating

in its stead

a transit story constitution

a month later president aquino issued

proclamation number 9

1986

which created a constitution

constitutional constitutional commission

task for the writing a new charter third

place

the 1973.

the commission finished its work at 12

28 a.m

of the october 16 1986.

so

in february 11 1987 by virtue of

proclamation number 58 president aquino

announced the official canvassing of

the result and the ratific ratification

of the draft constitution

the 1987 constitution finally came into

full force in fact that's the same day

with the president

other civilians officials and the

members of the armed forces

swearing

allegiance to the new charter

so this constitutional reform in the

philippines also known as the chatter

change

refers to the political and legal

constitution

legal processes needed to amend the

current 1987

processes

97 constitution

so under the common interpretation of

the constitution amendments can be

proposed by one of the three

methods first the people's

initiative

second

assembly and the third is the

constitutional convention

attempts to amend or change the 1987

constitution in 1995

it was drafted by jose almonte the

secretary of national security council

and it was exposed to media and it never

prospered

prospered or not successful

in 1997

where group of people gathered different

signatures from voters to the chains to

change the constitution they are called

perma pi

perma it is through

people's initiative to change the

constitution

however

in supreme court judging initiated by

senator miriam defensor santiago brought

up the issue to court and won

she strongly believed that people's

initiative cannot push through without

enabling the law

next is

president joseph jersito estrada

he formed a study commission to

investigate charter change that focuses

on the economic and judiciary provisions

of the constitution

but it was blocked by different entities

and not successfully implemented

the next attempt happened after the

replacement of president estrada

through people power and succeeded by

vice president

gloria mahapagal arroyo where house

speaker jose de vinicia

endorsed to amend a constituent assembly

that entails two-thirds of vote of the

house to propose

revisions to the constituent

but still

it was not successful since the term of

president arroyo was mired in

controversy and scandal

in the administration of president

binigno aquino there is no mark or

interest

in charter change

except those emanate from different

members of congress

house speaker

phyllis um

feliciano belmonte

attempted to introduce amendments

that concerns economic provisions that

aim for

liber liberalization

in the time of president duterte

he is known to advocate federalism

this made of government combining a

central

or equal federal government with

regional governments

and

in

political system

this advocate

is in part

as influence

from his background being a vocal leader

in mindanao

december 7

2016

he signed

an executive order

creating

a consultative

committee to review the 1987

constitution

the time

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is

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foreign

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you