WEEK 4 LEC NAV 6 VIDEO
Summary
TLDRThis lecture delves into the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) for safe navigation, contrasting ECS and ECDIS, and the importance of using official charts. It explains the types of electronic charts, vector and raster, and their applications. The lecture also covers the presentation of ENC data, the integration of systems like AIS and radar, and the significance of data accuracy and confidence zones in navigational safety.
Takeaways
- đ The lecture focuses on the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS), emphasizing the importance of understanding the differences between various electronic chart systems and their data formats for safe navigation.
- đ ECDIS must comply with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention, ensuring the use of the latest Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) and proper route planning and monitoring functions.
- đșïž There are two main classes of navigational electronic chart systems: the ECDIS which meets IMO's chart currency requirements and the ECS, which assists navigation but doesn't meet SOLAS chart carriage requirements.
- đ The difference between ECS and ECDIS lies in the fact that ECS is electronic chart software with non-approved hardware, while ECDIS is type-approved hardware with official charts, allowing it to be used for primary navigation.
- đ Vector charts are detailed, computerized representations of navigational data, allowing for object-based customization and alarms, whereas raster charts are scanned images of paper charts, offering a more traditional graphic orientation but less interactivity.
- đ The advantages of vector charts include automatic alarm generation and customizable settings, while raster charts are cheaper to produce but offer limited zoom options and require large memory capacity for corrections.
- đ ENC data is distributed by national hydrographic offices and can be updated through various means, including direct downloads, Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Coordination Centers (RENC), and bundled services.
- đ ïž ECDIS interfaces with other ship equipment such as AIS (Automatic Identification System), ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid), and radar overlays to enhance navigational safety and efficiency.
- đ The presentation of ENC data in ECDIS aims to provide flexibility while remaining user-friendly, allowing navigators to customize the display according to their needs, including the selection of various chart and sensor information.
- đ Understanding the accuracy and confidence levels of chart data is crucial for safe navigation, with categories ranging from A1 (most accurate) to U (undefined or not set), affecting both position and depth accuracy.
- đ The importance of knowing the position and depth accuracy for navigational safety, as exemplified by the calculation of probable depth accuracy based on the category of the zone of confidence, is highlighted.
Q & A
What is the main learning outcome of the lecture on Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)?
-The main learning outcome is to describe the difference between Electronic Chart System (ECS) and ECDIS, including its various data formats and software, and to discuss the presentation of this data in the safety of navigation.
What does SOLAS stand for and why is it important for ECDIS?
-SOLAS stands for Safety of Life at Sea. It is important for ECDIS because the system must comply with the requirements of the SOLAS convention to ensure safe navigation.
What are the two main classes of navigational electronic chart systems discussed in the script?
-The two main classes are the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) which meets the IMO's chart currency requirement, and the ECS which can assist navigation but does not meet the SOLAS chart carriage requirement.
What is the difference between ECDIS and ECS in terms of their use for navigation?
-ECDIS is a type-approved hardware and software system that can be used for primary navigation, replacing paper charts. ECS, on the other hand, is an electronic chart software that is an official chart and non-approved hardware, and it cannot be used as an aid to navigation.
What does ENC stand for and what is its role in ECDIS?
-ENC stands for Electronic Navigational Chart. It is a critical component of ECDIS, as the system must be loaded with the latest ENC data for safe navigation.
What are the two principal types of electronic charts mentioned in the script?
-The two principal types of electronic charts are Vector Chart and Raster Chart. Vector charts are detailed representations with object-based data, while Raster charts are similar to scanned copies of paper charts.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a Raster Chart in ECDIS?
-Advantages include its inexpensive production and similarity to paper charts. Disadvantages include being a 'dead chart' with no alarms, limited zoom options, large memory capacity requirements, high correction costs, and readability primarily in north-up orientation.
How is an ENC chart distributed and updated?
-ENC charts are distributed and updated through national hydrographic offices, regional electronic navigation chart coordinating centers (RENC), and various bundled services like Transas, EADS, and UKHO's ABCS.
What is a SENC and how does it differ from an ENC?
-A SENC is a System Electronic Navigational Chart, which is an ENC chart loaded into the ECDIS system. The difference is that once loaded, it becomes part of the system's navigational data.
Can you explain the concept of 'Category of Confidence' in the context of ECDIS data presentation?
-The 'Category of Confidence' refers to the level of accuracy assigned to geographical areas within ECDIS data, indicating whether the data meets a minimum set of criteria for position, depth accuracy, and seafloor features. It is represented by stars in a triangle, with 6 stars indicating the highest accuracy.
How does the accuracy of depth measurements work in ECDIS, especially with the 'A1' category?
-In the 'A1' category, the position accuracy is 5 meters, and the depth accuracy is 0.5 meters plus 1 percent of the depth. For example, at a depth of 10 meters, the depth accuracy would be 0.5 meters plus 0.1 meters (1 percent of 10 meters), totaling 0.6 meters.
Outlines
đșïž Introduction to Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems
This paragraph introduces the fourth week's lecture on the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). The learning outcome is to understand the difference between electronic chart systems and their various data formats, including software, and to discuss how this data is presented for safe navigation. It emphasizes the compliance of ECDIS with the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention and the necessity of having the latest electronic navigational charts. The paragraph also covers the distinction between ECDIS and ECS (Electronic Chart System), explaining that ECDIS is a type-approved hardware and software system used for primary navigation, while ECS is an electronic chart software used as a navigational aid but does not meet SOLAS requirements for chart carriage. The importance of data quality and the concept of paperless navigation using ECDIS are also highlighted.
đ Understanding Vector and Raster Charts in Navigation
The second paragraph delves into the principal types of electronic charts used in navigation: vector and raster charts. Vector charts offer a detailed, object-based representation, where each object is computerized and identified, allowing for features like automatic alarms and customizable settings. Raster charts, on the other hand, are scanned images of paper charts, offering a traditional graphic orientation but lacking the interactive capabilities of vector charts. The advantages and disadvantages of both chart types are discussed, including production costs, memory requirements, and ease of correction. The paragraph also mentions various providers of raster charts and the upcoming availability of ENC (Electronic Navigational Charts) by April 10, 2021, indicating that all shipping areas will have ENC coverage.
đ Data Presentation and Customization in ECDIS
This paragraph focuses on how data is presented in ECDIS, emphasizing the importance of flexibility and simplicity in the user interface. It discusses the different levels of data presentation, including base display, standard display, and custom display, each serving different navigational needs. Base display provides fundamental land and water contours, while standard display includes additional navigational aids. Custom display allows navigators to select specific objects to display, such as depth contours and names of areas. The paragraph also touches on equipment interfaces with ECDIS, such as AIS (Automatic Identification System), ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid), and radar overlays, which enhance navigational safety and efficiency.
đĄ Equipment Interfaces and Data Presentation in ECDIS
The fourth paragraph continues the discussion on equipment interfaces with ECDIS, highlighting the integration of AIS for improved vessel traffic safety and the use of radar overlays for navigational assistance. It also covers the various ways to manipulate chart display, such as changing scale, orientation, and screen layout, to suit the navigator's preferences and watch requirements. Additionally, the paragraph explains how navigational warnings and geographical areas indicating potential dangers, such as grounding or pollution risks, can be graphically presented on the chart for added safety.
đ Accuracy and Confidence in Electronic Navigational Charts
The final paragraph addresses the importance of accuracy in electronic navigational charts, particularly the concept of 'Category Zone of Confidence' which indicates the level of accuracy and reliability of the chart data. It explains how different categories, represented by stars within a triangle, reflect the quality of survey data for position, depth, and seafloor features. The paragraph provides examples of how to interpret these categories for position and depth accuracy, emphasizing the need for navigators to understand and apply this information to ensure safe navigation. It concludes with a reminder of the significance of these concepts in the context of ECDIS operations and the upcoming examination.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄElectronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
đĄSafety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
đĄElectronic Navigational Chart (ENC)
đĄMaritime Safety Committee (MSC)
đĄVector Chart
đĄRaster Chart
đĄObject-Oriented Data
đĄPaperless Navigation
đĄPosition Accuracy
đĄDepth Accuracy
đĄCategory Zone of Confidence
Highlights
The learning outcome is to describe the difference between Electronic Chart System (ECS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), including various data formats and software.
ECDIS must comply with the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention and be loaded with the latest Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) for safe navigation.
ECDIS is not just a chart but also an information system that requires type-approved hardware and software, making it suitable for primary navigation.
ECS is an electronic chart software that does not meet SOLAS requirements and is only a navigational aid, not a substitute for paper charts.
The distinction between ECS and ECDIS is that ECDIS can be used for primary navigation without paper charts, while ECS cannot.
Vector charts in ECDIS offer detailed, layered, and object-oriented data, while raster charts are simple scanned copies of paper charts with limited functionality.
Raster charts are inexpensive to produce but have limitations like being a 'dead chart' with no alarms, limited zoom options, and require large memory capacity.
Vector charts provide advantages such as automatic alarms, customizable display settings, and easier correction of errors, but they are expensive and time-consuming to produce.
ENC data is distributed and updated through various methods, including National Hydrographic Offices, Regional ENC Coordinating Centers (RENCs), and bundled services like Transas and UKHO.
When ENC data is loaded into the system, it becomes a System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC), which speeds up the loading process and offers more efficient navigation.
ECDIS offers different data presentation modes like base display, standard display, and custom display, allowing navigators to choose the information they want to view.
ECDIS can interface with other equipment like ARPA, AIS, and radar overlay, enhancing the navigation experience by integrating real-time data with chart information.
The presentation of data on ECDIS includes customizable chart display categories and the ability to adjust the scale and orientation of the chart for better navigation.
ECDIS also provides navigational and chart warnings, along with graphical presentations of potential dangers like grounding or pollution areas.
Zone of Confidence (ZOC) categories on ECDIS indicate the reliability of data in terms of position and depth accuracy, helping navigators assess the quality of the information.
Transcripts
good day gentlemen
we are now on our week four for our nab
seats
lecture for the operational use of
electronic chart display and information
system okay the learning outcome is to
describe the difference between
electronic chart system and act this
including its various data format
including software okay discuss also the
presentation of this data in the safety
of navigation so electronic chart it is
an introduction to the principle used
for creating electronic chart so to
provide for safe navigation and
electronic chart display and information
system
must comply with the requirements of the
safety of life at sea solas convention
it must be loaded with the latest
electron navigational chart enc and msm
route planning and monitoring function
the ancr electronic vector chart
electronic vector chart produced by a
national hydrographic there are many
electronic chart formats however most
are not officially recognized and cannot
be employed for
safe
navigation
so we'll discuss the following
electronic chart system electronic
navigational chart equities data
definition related to activities
object oriented data vector data
presentation independence of data
presentation practice data
enc electronic navigational chart cell
data structure and database of the
at least and its attribute so we hope to
cover all of this and gentlemen quality
of data that is the cuts off gentlemen
we will also discuss that all right when
is a
navigational electronic chart system or
nec s navigational electronic charge
system is a general term for all
electronic equipment that is capable of
displaying a better position on a chart
image on a screen that is a navigational
electronic chart system now basically we
have two classes of navigational
electronic chart system as discussed in
the
last lecture
okay the first is an electronic chart
display and information
system at this which meets meets the
imozola's chart currency requirement the
second of course is the ecs electronic
chart system which can be used to assist
navigation but does not meet i am on
solas chart carriage requirement so that
is the difference between these two
systems okay again what is eclis at this
is an electronic chart display
information system it is not just a
chart it is also an information system
so
imo this performance standard assembly
817 session 19
of the sdcw
electronic chart display and information
system means navigation information
system with advocate backup arrangement
the path merging backup arrangement can
be accepted as complying with the
up-to-date chart requirement regulation
19 chapter 5 and chapter 5 regulation 27
of the 1974
solas convention so what is the
difference between the ecs and the
atleast okay the ecs electronic chart
system
is an electronic chart software it is an
official chart and non-approved hardware
so it cannot be used
as an aid to navigation now while at
this which is an electronic charge
display and information system this is a
type approved hardware so not only the
software type appropriately software but
also the hardware it is approved
installation with certification official
chart are used pnc senc arcs chart
correction subscription and who has been
trained for the usage of such equipment
at least can be used for primary
navigation
so using this the paper chart is no
longer used on board we call this the
paperless navigation so that is the use
of eclipse now distinction ecs is an
electronic chart system again it is only
a navigational aid not a substitute for
paper chart all chart formats permitted
official and non-official status
definition the status is not approved as
the primary use for navigation
for the egg disk it is a primary
navigation system substitute of paper
chart it's permitted so when we are
using egg this with a backup of another
xds then there is no more paper chart
paperless navigation using enc chart
clear definition if using non-official
data this becomes an easier so the chart
must be official now also the raster
chart display system is included in the
xds
if
xd is using official rnc charger it will
be part of system so primary navigation
system if the area is not covered by enc
so back up substitution of paper chart
depends on the plug state and if using
artificial data act this becomes an
ecs
we will now discuss the equipment uh
specific active screening
principle types of electronic chart
so what are these principal types of
electronic
chart being used by our activities
so we have two
the vector chart and the raster chart so
the vector chart is a
more on a
detailed representation of the chart and
is
said to be vectorized or
object is computerized
and identified so for example we have
the depth 20 to 30 so it has a separate
object so it is an object layer upon
layer object upon object so each object
is identified in the vector whereas in
the raster it is only a one
representation or it is just like a scan
copy or a photocopy of a paper
chart that is the raster chart
okay the raster chart will
show traditional graphic oriented data
while the uh similar to a paper chart
while the vector chart will show object
based data so each object is said to be
vectorized or its object is said to be
computerized identified in the vector
chart raster charts are also arcs
admiralty raster chart services came
from the arcs c pair bsb nls and other
provider so this is an scan chart and
image of a paper chart
the advantage inexpensive to produce
similar to paper chart disadvantage it
is a dead chart okay cannot be used for
alarms limited zoom of option required
large memory capacity
expensive to correct because you must
have a new thruster chart to have a
corrected one only easy to read in north
up orientation so yeah the orientation
is mostly
while the vector chart uh this this is a
digitalized paper chart
every object is defined and identified
and grouped in layers that can be
selected within the set safety
parameters so it is a layer upon layer
upon layer just
just as what i have shown you earlier so
advantage is automatic alarm is
generated it will tell you if you are in
danger or coming into a danger area
optional information customize settings
you can customize the display resetting
zoom zoomable into a smaller to larger
scale easy to correct even when you are
on board very easy to correct requires
little memory capacity quick loading
information can be added through files
etc readable in all presentation head up
north app and force
presentation according to the safety
parameter of the old ship all right so
the disadvantage is it is expensive
and time demanding to produce
layout can be a bit different from paper
chart the display coding errors even in
official enc can uh still happen so that
is a disadvantage
now the raster navigational chart is
produced by the arcs admiralty raster
chart services to the ukho the nova
national oceanographic atmospheric
administration of the united states the
zipper
and of course yeah uk xo
through the admiralty raster chart
service
provided by uh the uk xo website also
the s57 is produced by the primar ice
and of course the
ukho
and that is the
also comes from the uh
admiralty chart service of the uk expo
okay trans us produces tx
97
charts also
cmap also produce scm 93 chart okay okay
by april 10 enc will be available it is
now 2021 so there is no area now that is
not available with
enc so this is uh the area where ships
are trading so they have encina okay now
the distribution of this enc is of
course with all chart being produced by
the national hydrographic office the
distribution and updating are managed in
different ways so through the national
hydrographic office itself through renc
it is a regional electronic navigation
chart coordinating center its major
geographic area of the world will have
its own r e and c okay so that is how
the chart is distributed also through r
e and c
and also through various bundled
services like transas thug so we have
the transest
eads and we have the uk xo which also
provides admiralty vector chart services
abcs so when an enc chart is loaded uh
how does it work when an anc chart is
loaded into the system it becomes a
senc
this is a system electronic navigational
chart so that is what happens when an
enc chart is loaded all right it is uh
through a usb with the file coming from
the provider the distributor which could
be the uk expo or the uh abcs ukho abcs
administrative vector chart services so
with touch you can load pre-processed
data which saves you a lot of time
during the loading of the base
cd so
this the loading of this is
much faster than the
normal senc that is the transas
admiralty data service okay we go now to
the presentation of this data we just
finished the
types of at this chart system that we
have discussed the vector chart and the
raster used by atleast
now we go to the presentation of
equidata so if this data is
presented and
aim should be the aim of the
presentation design and presented
presentation standard to provide as much
diversity and flexibility as possible as
long as the system remains simple and
straightforward to use this flexibility
presentation may include
displaying and removing various type of
chart and uncharted information so
according to the perspective of the
navigator in which the data
he wants to be displayed
right so this is the
this presentation of the data which
includes the chart of course and also
the
information of the the control and the
information of the sensor connector to
the chart and also the the different
setting of the display of the data of
the chart so we have the chart display
category base display we call this the
base display of the chart and this is
one of the presentation of data so it is
just the
contour of the land and the water so
this is the first layer of the vector
chart so we do not use this base for
navigation
what we use next is the standard display
so the chart display category standard
display is
used for navigation with less data
display so it displays the
traffic separation the
light
and the the uh
yellow voyage system the voyage the boy
that is needed on the chart all right
next
presentation of data is the custom
where the navigator can
choose select what object he wants to
display like the example is the
the depth the contour
and and the sounding of the water
right and also the names
of the chart or the area
information characteristic of the boy
and other information so it's up to the
navigator to choose so this is
what we call the chart display custom
customize
display
all right now another presentation of
this data are the equipment
interface with the eclipse that such as
the alpha the ais
and the radar
overlay for example the ais which will
display the ais data also the arpa that
can be used to acquire the the object of
the target on the axis if activated
and also the radar overlay which we can
overlay the
radar on the end so these are the three
interface equipment alpha radar overlay
and the ais all right so don't forget
that uh gentlemen also interface again
with the ais it is an automatic
communication identification system
intended to improve the safety of
navigation
by assisting the efficient operation of
vessel traffic
services ship reporting ship to shift
and shift visual
operations so that is the ais an example
of a transponder that is also overlaying
with the alpha radar so don't forget the
operator other
display data is changing the scale of
the or the orientation of the display of
the chart okay changing the scale which
is from a larger to smaller smaller to
larger scale also selecting the true
motion and the relative motion display
of the chart that is the shift
motion mode and we have the changing of
the screen layout so according to the
watch
and
according to the preferred display
layout or screen layout of the observed
dewatch also navigation and chart
warning
also can be displayed on the chart and
also on the data here
also geographic presentation of computer
valuation of grounding
area so usually a grounding
danger
area will be
lighter
blue as a shallow area right graphical
presentation of a pollution danger
will also provide
be provided as an ex presentation of
access
data where we can see our vessel
is running into a pollution danger all
right also one of the presentation of
equities data is the cursor category
zone of confidence
and so
so cuts off values are assigned to
geographical areas to indicate whether
the data meets a minimum set of criteria
for position depth accuracy and sea
floor operates so the console simply
tells us the survey of the area if it is
accurate so it will give us a category
zone of confidence so what are this
display it is displayed as a star the
number of star
in a triangle so it has a meaning
maximum is 6 5 4 3 2 and we have here 2
and that is the u
and
that is
undefined or not set undefined
we have the
letter d to star for letter c is three
star
for letter d four star five five star
a two a one and the
six stars right so the most accurate is
the a1
okay b is still good so how do we apply
this support position accuracy if we
have the a1 5 star is 5 meters accuracy
position accuracy for the depth accuracy
is 0.5 meters plus 1 percent of the
depth so if the depth is 10 meters
so the accuracy is 0.5 plus 1 percent of
the depth 1 of 10 is 0.1
so this will become plus 0.1
so it will be
0.6 meters all right so try to
take note of this gentleman
so 0.5 it will become 0.6 for example of
a 10 meters depth all right and
that will be deducted to the 10 meters
so the probable depth accuracy of the 10
meters depth
is 9.4 less
0.6 meters
so try to remember that
gentlemen of my example
right
let's send another example let's say uh
see
that the position accuracy is 500 meters
so the position
actually is not the vessel but the
position of key there so the depth could
be uh
it says there 10 meters depth but the
accuracy is
500 meters
more or less around that 500 meters plus
or minus
500 meters
now the depth accuracy if
it is
because of c
it will be uh two meters
plus five percent of the depth let's say
the depth is ten meters
so ten meters five percent is point five
so added to two meters is 2.5 meters
deducted to again to the 10 meters so
the rear
the depth of the water could be minus
2.5 is 7.5
meters accuracy okay so that could be
the uh
depth of the water
7.5 okay so it is much safer to deduct
it than other
gentlemen
so it's probably
7.5 meters
all right that is our example
so try to remember that that will be
included
in your exam thank you very much
gentlemen
and
good luck with your piece you will have
your
please
today
thank you
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