Solar Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System (Ammonia-Water Solar Cooling System) Explained.

Summary

This tutorial video delves into the workings of a solar-powered vapor absorption refrigeration system, utilizing an ammonia-water cycle. It highlights the key components, such as the absorber, pump, generator, analyzer, rectifier, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, and explains how solar energy drives the process of cooling by transferring heat and transforming ammonia and water into vapor and back, achieving continuous refrigeration.

Takeaways

• ❄️ Refrigeration is the process of lowering the temperature by removing unwanted heat from a selected object, substance, or space and transferring it to another object, substance, or space.
• 💧 The vapour absorption refrigeration system discussed uses the ammonia-water system and solar energy for the refrigeration process.
• ☀️ This system can be termed as an ammonia-water cooling system or a solar cooling system.
• 🔄 The major parts and components of the system include the absorber, pump, generator, analyzer, rectifier, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.
• 🛠️ The absorber contains a solution of ammonia and water. The pump transfers this solution from the absorber to the generator.
• 🔥 In the generator, heat from solar energy turns the ammonia-water solution into vapour. The analyzer separates the water vapour from the ammonia vapour.
• ⚗️ The rectifier further separates any remaining water vapour from the ammonia vapour, converting the water vapour into liquid form.
• ❄️ The pure ammonia, now in a partial liquid form, enters the condenser, where it is cooled and completely converted into liquid ammonia.
• 🔧 The liquid ammonia then passes through an expansion valve, reducing its pressure and temperature, resulting in very cold, low-pressure liquid ammonia.
• 📉 This cold liquid ammonia enters the evaporator, absorbs heat from its surroundings, and provides the cooling effect, turning into low-pressure ammonia vapour.
• 🔁 The low-pressure ammonia vapour returns to the absorber, where it mixes with water, and the cycle repeats, providing continuous refrigeration.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of a refrigeration system?

The primary purpose of a refrigeration system is to lower the temperature by removing unwanted heat from a selected object, substance, or unenclosed space and transferring this heat to another object, substance, or space.

What type of refrigeration system is discussed in the video?

The video discusses a vapor absorption refrigeration system, specifically using the ammonia-water system and solar energy, which can also be termed as a solar cooling system.

What are the main components of a vapor absorption refrigeration system?

The main components of a vapor absorption refrigeration system include an absorber, a pump, a generator, an analyzer, a rectifier, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.

What is the role of the pump in the system?

The pump's role is to transfer the ammonia and water solution from the absorber to the generator, which is powered by solar energy.

How does the generator contribute to the refrigeration process?

The generator contributes by producing heat using solar energy, which causes the ammonia and water solution to turn into vapor.

What is the function of the analyzer in the vapor absorption refrigeration system?

The analyzer sends the water vapor back to the generator and only lets the ammonia vapor pass through, ensuring the separation of ammonia and water vapor.

Why is a rectifier necessary in the system?

A rectifier, also known as a separator, is necessary to separate the remaining limited amount of water vapor from the ammonia vapor through heat exchange, converting the water vapor into liquid form and separating it from the ammonia vapor.

What happens to the ammonia vapor after it leaves the rectifier?

After leaving the rectifier, the ammonia vapor, which is in a partial liquid state due to heat exchange, enters the condenser where it is cooled and converted into liquid form.

What is the purpose of the expansion valve in the refrigeration cycle?

The expansion valve is used to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure liquid ammonia, causing it to expand and cool down, resulting in a low-pressure, low-temperature liquid ammonia.

How does the evaporator contribute to the cooling effect?

The evaporator contributes to the cooling effect by absorbing heat from its surrounding surface, causing the low-pressure, chilled liquid ammonia to evaporate and turn into low-pressure ammonia vapor, thus cooling the surrounding space.

How does the refrigeration cycle continue after the evaporator stage?

After the evaporator stage, the low-pressure ammonia vapor returns to the absorber, where it forms a solution with water. The pump then sends this solution back to the generator, and the cycle repeats, maintaining continuous refrigeration.

Outlines

00:00

🌞 Introduction to Solar-Powered Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems

This paragraph introduces the concept of vapour absorption refrigeration systems, specifically those utilizing the ammonia-water system and solar energy. The process involves lowering temperature by removing unwanted heat and transferring it elsewhere. The system's major components, such as the absorber, pump, generator, analyzer, rectifier, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, are outlined. The function of each part and the basic working procedure of the system are explained, highlighting the role of solar energy in driving the refrigeration cycle.

05:00

🔁 The Continuous Cycle of Solar Vapour Absorption Refrigeration

The second paragraph delves into the cyclical process of the solar vapour absorption refrigeration system. It describes how low-pressure ammonia vapor forms a solution with water in the absorber, which is then pumped back to the generator to be reconverted into ammonia vapor and water vapor using solar energy. The water vapor is returned to the absorber, while the ammonia vapor passes through the analyzer and rectifier, ensuring a continuous refrigeration effect. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the system's ability to provide continuous cooling, thanks to the integration of solar energy.

Keywords

💡Refrigeration

Refrigeration is the process of lowering the temperature by removing unwanted heat from a selected object, substance, or enclosed space and transferring this heat to another object, substance, or space. In the video, refrigeration is the primary process discussed, focusing on how the vapour absorption refrigeration system achieves cooling.

💡Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System

The vapour absorption refrigeration system is a type of refrigeration system that uses a solution of ammonia and water for cooling, driven by solar energy. The video details its components and working process, highlighting its distinction from other refrigeration systems like vapour compression systems.

💡Ammonia-Water System

An ammonia-water system is a combination of ammonia and water used in the refrigeration process. In the video, this system is key to the vapour absorption refrigeration system, where ammonia acts as the refrigerant and water as the absorbent.

💡Solar Energy

Solar energy is the energy obtained from the sun. In the context of the video, solar energy is used to power the generator in the vapour absorption refrigeration system, making it an eco-friendly and sustainable method for refrigeration.

💡Absorber

The absorber is a component where a solution of ammonia and water is held. In the video, it’s the starting point where the solution is pumped to the generator. Its function is to absorb ammonia vapour back into the solution after cooling.

💡Generator

The generator in the vapour absorption refrigeration system uses solar energy to heat the ammonia-water solution, causing it to vaporize. The video explains how the generator separates ammonia from water, initiating the refrigeration cycle.

💡Analyzer

An analyzer is a component within the generator that ensures only ammonia vapour passes through while sending water vapour back. This process, as described in the video, ensures the efficiency of the separation process in the refrigeration cycle.

💡Rectifier

A rectifier, also known as a separator, is a device that separates any remaining water vapour from ammonia vapour. The video explains that this is done through heat exchange, ensuring that the ammonia vapour entering the condenser is as pure as possible.

💡Condenser

The condenser is where high-pressure ammonia vapour is cooled and converted into liquid. In the video, the condenser absorbs heat from the ammonia vapour, which can be water-cooled or cooled by other substances from external sources.

💡Expansion Valve

An expansion valve is a component that reduces the pressure of the liquid ammonia, causing it to cool down significantly. The video explains how the expansion valve allows high-pressure liquid ammonia to expand into a low-pressure, low-temperature liquid before entering the evaporator.

💡Evaporator

The evaporator is the part of the refrigeration system where the actual cooling effect occurs. In the video, the low-temperature liquid ammonia absorbs heat from the evaporator coils, turning into low-pressure ammonia vapour and cooling the surrounding space.

Highlights

The video introduces the concept of a vapour absorption refrigeration system.

It explains that refrigeration is the process of lowering temperature by removing unwanted heat.

The system uses an ammonia-water solution for the refrigeration process.

Solar energy is required for the operation of the vapour absorption refrigeration system.

The system can be referred to as an ammonia water cooling system or a solar cooling system.

Major parts of the system include an absorber, a pump, a generator, and an analyzer.

The pump transfers the ammonia and water solution from the absorber to the generator.

Solar energy heats the solution in the generator, turning it into ammonia and water vapor.

The analyzer in the generator separates water vapor from ammonia vapor.

A rectifier is used to further separate water vapor from ammonia vapor through heat exchange.

The condenser absorbs heat from the partial liquid ammonia vapor, converting it into liquid form.

An expansion valve is used to decrease the pressure and temperature of liquid ammonia.

The evaporator is where the main cooling effect occurs as liquid ammonia absorbs heat and vaporizes.

The low-pressure ammonia vapor returns to the absorber to form a solution with water.

The cycle repeats continuously, providing a continuous cooling effect in the evaporator.

The video concludes by explaining how the solar vapour absorption refrigeration system works using solar energy for cooling.

Transcripts

welcome to academic gain tutorials in

this video we will learn about vapour

absorption refrigeration system along

with its different parts and functions

so let's get into the topic we know that

refrigeration is the process of lowering

the temperature by removing unwanted

heat from a selected object substance or

unenclosed space and transferring this

heat to another object substance or

space the vapour absorption

refrigeration system we are discussing

tadesse uses the ammonia water system

for the refrigeration process and it

also needs solar energy in the

refrigeration process so this vapour

absorption refrigeration system can be

also termed as an ammonia water cooling

system we can even call it a solar

cooling system now let's look into the

major parts and components and basic

working procedure of vapour absorption

refrigeration system with the help of

solar energy first of all here we have

an absorber inside this absorber we have

a solution of ammonia and water and

beside this absorber there is a pump now

when solar energy is supplied to the

system and the generator then this pump

starts working then using this pump we

will pump the solution of ammonia and

water from this absorber to this

generator so the function of this pump

is to transfer the solution from the

absorber to the generator which is

running on solar power

now when the solution of ammonia and

water reaches the generator here heat is

produced inside the generator using the

solar energy supplied to it and when

heat is applied to this solution both

ammonia and water from this ammonia

water solution turns into vapour inside

this generator we also have an analyzer

inside this generator when this vapour

of ammonia and water is passed through

this analyzer the analyzer sends the

water vapor back to this generator and

it only lets the ammonia vapour to pass

through then from this generator the

residue of water vapor accumulated here

will be passed back to the absorber

again through this connecting pipe now

even after passing through the analyzer

they were

be some proportion of water vapor mixed

with this ammonia vapor so here we have

a rectifier this rectifier can also be

called a separator because it separates

the rest of the limited amount of water

vapor present inside this ammonia vapor

through the exchange of heat so through

the exchange of heat this rectifier will

convert the water vapor into liquid form

and separate it from ammonia vapor then

this separated liquid water is passed

back to the generator from there it will

ultimately reach the absorber now after

separating the water vapor here we have

obtained pure ammonia vapor but actually

this is not to 100 percent vapor state

of ammonia because when heat exchange

occurred inside the rectifier the

ammonia vapor has also converted into

partial liquid ammonia so this pure

ammonia in the partial liquid form will

leave the rectifier and enter the

condenser through this connecting pipe

here we have a condenser when high

temperature high pressure partial liquid

ammonia vapour enters this cold

condenser then the condenser absorbs the

heat from the partial liquid ammonia

vapor and completely converts it into

liquid this condenser can be water

cooled or cooled by any other substance

from an external source which will

liberate the latent heat of this vapor

coming into the condenser and thus

condensing keeps happening now here we

have an expansion valve after

condensation liquid ammonia will leave

the condenser and pass through this

expansion valve now this high-pressure

liquid ammonia coming from the condenser

will be expanded inside this expansion

valve we know that when expansion occurs

the pressure between the molecules

decreases considerably

thus the temperature falls so this high

pressure liquid ammonia will be expanded

into low pressure low temperature liquid

ammonia thus here we get very cold

chilled low temperature liquid ammonia

coming out of the expansion valve then

this liquid ammonia will be passed over

to the evaporator we all know that the

main cooling effect or refrigeration

effect always occurs in the evaporator

so when this low pressure very cold

chilled low temperature liquid

ammonia will enter the evaporator coils

it will absorb all the heat present in

the surface of the evaporator coils by

absorbing all the heat from the

surrounding surface of the evaporator

coils this cold chilled liquid ammonia

will turn into low-pressure ramonja

vapor inside these coils and the

surrounding surface of the evaporator

will become cold by losing the heat to

this liquid thus the cooling effect or

refrigeration effect has occurred in the

evaporator after that this low-pressure

ammonia vapor will leave the evaporator

and enter the absorber again through

this connecting pipe then again this

low-pressure ammonia vapor will form a

solution with the water present in the

absorber the pump will again send this

solution to the generator where the heat

generated by solar energy will again

form ammonia vapor and water vapor then

again water vapor is sent back to the

absorber ammonia vapor passes through

the analyzer to the rectifier and the

whole cycle keeps happening over and

over again and thus refrigeration occurs

continuously in the evaporator and the

surrounding space keeps cooling

continuously so this is how a solar

vapour absorption refrigeration system

works where solar energy is used to

obtain the cooling effect thank you for

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