Observe CEOs of multinational companies in China for 20 years | Laurie Ann UNDERWOOD | TEDxTheBund

TEDx Talks
11 Dec 202017:32

Summary

TLDR演讲者分享了自己从商业新闻记者到商学院教授的职业历程,强调了采访中学习和成长的重要性。她讲述了自己在中国工作和写作的经历,并介绍了几位在中国取得成功的企业高管,如宜家中国CEO钟凤琪、微软中国CEO艾伦·克罗齐尔和欧莱雅中国CEO斯特凡·兰德克尼奇。通过这些例子,她展示了中国市场的快速发展、创新能力和巨大规模,强调了未来商业领袖需要关注中国市场的重要性。

Takeaways

  • 😊 我的第一份工作是商业新闻记者,这让我有机会与有趣的人见面并向他们学习。
  • 🌍 我在美国的波特兰和西雅图开始我的记者生涯,然后在台北和上海继续报道大中华区的商业新闻。
  • 💼 作为商业新闻记者,我有机会与陌生人握手后就能问他们任何问题,这是一份很棒的工作。
  • 🎓 在进入30岁后,我重返商学院学习并获得博士学位,现在是一名商学院教授和企业顾问。
  • 📚 我写了三本商业书籍,这让我保持与采访过程的联系,并从中学习。
  • 🇨🇳 我写的三本书都是关于中国的,因为我发现美国人对中国的了解不足,而且很多人并未意识到中国的重要性。
  • 📱 在中国,许多人通过手机支付一切,这与世界其他地方大不相同。
  • 👩‍💼 在我的第二本书中,我们采访了包括女性和中国人在内的更多多样化的CEO。
  • 💡 中国的创新非常迅速,从共享单车到人工智能,中国的创新能力非常强。
  • 🔍 洛瑞雅的CEO指出,中国是唯一一个既有高速增长又有巨大规模的市场,因此,所有希望成为全球领导者的人都应该在中国工作一段时间。

Q & A

  • 演讲者在20多岁时的第一份工作是什么?

    -演讲者在20多岁时的第一份工作是商业新闻记者。

  • 演讲者在美国的哪些城市担任商业新闻记者?

    -演讲者在美国的波特兰和西雅图担任商业新闻记者。

  • 演讲者在大中华区的哪些城市担任商业新闻记者?

    -演讲者在台北和上海担任商业新闻记者。

  • 演讲者认为作为商业新闻记者的工作有何特别之处?

    -演讲者认为作为商业新闻记者的工作特别之处在于可以被支付报酬去与有趣的人见面、问他们问题并向他们学习。

  • 在演讲者的职业生涯中,他的工作方向如何变化?

    -在演讲者进入30多岁后,他回到商学院学习并获得了学位,随后在跨国公司工作,最近获得了博士学位,并开始担任商学院教授和企业顾问。

  • 演讲者为何对写作商业书籍感兴趣?

    -演讲者对写作商业书籍感兴趣是因为这让他能够继续与有趣的人见面,问他们问题并向他们学习,保持与他最爱的采访过程的联系。

  • 为什么演讲者的三本书都是关于中国的?

    -演讲者的三本书都是关于中国的,因为他对美国人不了解中国以及中国人自己也不完全了解中国的现状感到沮丧。

  • 演讲者认为中国的支付方式有何不同?

    -演讲者认为在中国,人们使用手机支付一切,这在中国以外的世界尚未普及。

  • 演讲者为何认为所有商业领导者和未来的商业领导者都应该关注中国?

    -演讲者认为所有商业领导者和未来的商业领导者都应该关注中国,因为中国的发展速度和规模都是独一无二的,并且中国的商业领导者展现出极大的热情和坚持不懈的精神。

  • 艾兰·克罗齐尔(Alain Crozier)对中国的哪方面创新印象深刻?

    -艾兰·克罗齐尔对中国的共享单车创新印象深刻,他认为中国在增量创新方面表现出色,这为真正的创新奠定了基础。

Outlines

00:00

😊 我的初期职业历程

我的第一份工作是在美国、台北和上海担任商业新闻记者,我认为这是世界上最好的工作,因为我可以见到有趣的人,向他们提问并从他们身上学习。即使后来成为商学院教授和企业顾问,我仍然通过写商业书籍保持与这份工作的联系。

05:02

📚 与合著者一起写作的旅程

我和合著者Juan Fernandez共同撰写了三本商业书籍。我们首先列出要采访的公司名单,然后采访中国的CEO,提出关于技能、建议和错误的问题。我们的第二本书有更多的中国和女性CEO,反映了积极的变化。

10:02

🚴‍♀️ 微软中国CEO谈创新

微软中国CEO Alain Crozier解释了在美国对中国的误解,并强调了中国的创新,例如共享单车。他认为中国的逐步创新已经为真正的创新奠定了基础,特别是在AI和物联网等领域。

15:04

🌍 欧莱雅中国CEO谈速度与规模

欧莱雅中国CEO Stefan Render Knitch强调了中国独特的速度和规模组合。他认为了解中国对全球职业发展至关重要,并指出欧莱雅要求其顶尖人才在中国工作。Stefan本人也因此升任北美副总裁。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡商业新闻记者

商业新闻记者是负责报道与商业和经济相关事件和发展的记者。视频中的演讲者最初的职业是商业新闻记者,她通过这个职业得以与各行各业的有趣人物见面,询问他们的问题并从中学习。

💡多国公司

多国公司是指在多个国家进行商业运营的大型企业。演讲者在视频中提到,她在30多岁时开始为多国公司工作,并在其职业生涯中采访了许多在中国成功运营的多国公司。

💡博士学位

博士学位是最高级别的学术学位,通常代表着在某一学术领域的高深知识和研究能力。演讲者提到,她在最近18个月内获得了博士学位,并开始了她目前的职业——商学院教授和企业顾问。

💡商业书籍

商业书籍是以商业和管理为主题的书籍,通常涉及成功案例、商业战略和管理技巧。演讲者提到,她为了保持与商业新闻记者职业的联系,写了三本关于中国的商业书籍。

💡中国重要性

中国重要性指的是中国在全球商业和经济中的关键角色和影响力。演讲者强调,无论是中国内外,人们往往低估了中国的这种重要性,并举例说明了中国在支付方式和科技创新方面的快速变化。

💡支付方式

支付方式指的是用于完成经济交易的手段,如现金、信用卡和电子支付。演讲者提到,在中国,人们普遍使用手机进行支付,这与世界其他地区的情况不同,体现了中国在数字支付领域的领先地位。

💡中国CEO

中国CEO是指负责管理跨国公司在中国业务的首席执行官。视频中介绍了几位成功的中国CEO,包括宜家的钟瑞华和微软的阿兰·克罗泽,他们的成功故事展示了在中国运营的独特挑战和机遇。

💡创新

创新是指引入新方法、新产品或新理念的过程。视频中提到的中国共享单车的例子展示了中国在创新方面的能力,从欧洲引进的共享单车模式被中国企业改进,变得更加用户友好和高效。

💡速度与规模

速度与规模指的是中国市场发展的快速性和庞大规模。视频中的演讲者提到,中国是唯一一个既具备快速增长又具有巨大市场规模的国家,这为跨国公司提供了独特的增长机会。

💡职业发展

职业发展指的是个人在职业生涯中不断进步和提升的过程。视频中提到,像欧莱雅这样的公司要求其全球高管必须在中国工作过,这说明了解中国市场对全球职业发展的重要性。

Highlights

作为商业新闻记者,你可以见到有趣的人,问他们问题并向他们学习。

我在30多岁时回到商学院获得学位,并开始为跨国公司工作,最近18个月前获得博士学位并成为商学院教授和企业顾问。

尽管工作发生了变化,我通过写商业书籍保持了与商业新闻记者工作的联系。

我写的三本商业书籍都关于中国,因为我对外界对中国的重要性认识不足感到沮丧。

许多在中国生活和工作的人无法看到每天经历的变化。

使用手机支付在中国很普遍,但在世界其他地方还没有普及。

所有商业领袖和未来的商业领袖都应该关注今天的中国。

在写书时,我和我的合著者先列出我们想要包括的公司,然后采访这些公司的中国CEO。

第一本书采访的20位CEO中没有一位是中国人,也没有女性。但在第二本书中,8位是中国人,4位是女性。

第一个介绍的中国CEO是宜家中国CEO张华,她凭借极大的热情和毅力从普通会计师成长为中国CEO。

微软中国CEO Alain Crozier认为中国创新非常活跃,分享单车就是一个例子。

中国的共享单车系统通过取消固定站点和使用手机应用实现了重大改进,展示了中国的渐进式创新。

欧莱雅中国CEO Stefan Render Knitch提到中国的独特之处在于其速度和规模的结合。

欧莱雅要求其全球高管必须在中国工作过,才能在公司内获得更高职位。

我相信如果你研究中国的商业环境,你会成为我在书中采访的商业领袖。

Transcripts

play00:01

[Applause]

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my first job

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was as business news reporter

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and i did this job all through my 20s

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i started in the united states in the

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cities of

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portland and seattle and then i

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was a business news reporter in greater

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china

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in taipei and shanghai

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and during the time i did this job i

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used to tell people

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i have the best job in the world

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the reason i said that is that as a

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business news reporter

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you get paid to meet interesting people

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to ask them questions and to learn from

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them

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it's the only job i know where just a

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few minutes

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after meeting a total stranger you shake

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hands with them

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and you can sit down and ask them

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anything you want to know you can ask

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them

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what are your dreams you can ask

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why do you do what you do and

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my favorite question you can ask

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what mistakes have you made and most of

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the time

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they'll tell you so after i hit

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my 30s my career started to take another

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path

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i went back to business school and i got

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my degree

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and i started working for big

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multinational companies and most

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recently

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just 18 months ago i got my doctorate

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and i started my current job which is

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business school professor and corporate

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consultant so even as

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my job has changed in recent years

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i still kept my connection to the best

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job

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in the world and i did that by doing

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something

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on the side which is writing business

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books

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so i've written three business books

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and i guess you can figure out the

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reason i love

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doing that even though it's an extra

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side job

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is that it keeps me connected

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to the interview process when you

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meet interesting people ask them

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questions

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and learn from them but why have all

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three of my business books been about

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china i'm not chinese

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the reason is that i've been frustrated

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my frustration comes from the fact that

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every time i go back to my home country

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in the united states i meet people

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americans and they ask me

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what's it like living in china they say

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what's it like working in china

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but when i start answering them after

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just

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one or two minutes their eyes glaze over

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and even

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members of my own family they start

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looking at their watch so rude

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the problem is that people outside

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china don't realize the importance of

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china

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and even people inside china don't

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realize the importance of china

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i'll give you an example the reason for

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that

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is because all of you living and working

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here

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you don't see the changes that were

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experienced

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every day one example

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is how many of you use your phone

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to pay for everything raise your hand

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you never use money or credit cards

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okay this seems normal to us

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in china but i can tell you this is not

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how things are done in the rest of the

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world

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not yet china is changing

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incredibly fast and if there's

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one thing i want all of you to remember

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from my

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speech it's that all business leaders

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and future business leaders should be

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following

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china today and i'll try to prove that

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to you

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by introducing you to several people the

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first

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one is my co-author this is

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juan fernandez he's a professor

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at zhong o gojiwanshan

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c-e-i-b-s and here you can see juan and

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i

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showing our love for china by wearing

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chinese clothing so juan and i have

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known each other for many years

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and i've written all three books with

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him

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and the way we write the books is simple

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we first start by making a list of all

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the companies

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we want to include in the book

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so in china's ceo 2 these 25 companies

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are the ones we included they're all big

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multinationals with successful

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operations

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in china and next

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we find out who is the china ceo

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and then we set up an interview and we

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do

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my favorite interview process for this

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book

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we asked questions like what kind of

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skills

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do you need to run a big multinational

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in china and also what advice would you

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give

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to your successor and also

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my favorite question which is what

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mistakes

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have you made but there was a big

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difference

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between our first book and our second

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book

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in our first book the 20 ceos we

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interviewed

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among them none of them were chinese

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and none of them were women

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but in the second book written in 2020

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eight of the people we interviewed were

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chinese

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and four of the ceos we interviewed

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were women so big positive changes

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and these are the companies that now

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have a chinese

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china ceo and these are the companies

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that now have

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a woman ceo

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so let's meet the first china ceo

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she happens to be both a woman

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and chinese this is frida jong

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she's the china ceo of ikea

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and frida was born in 1970

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in the chinese city of qingdao

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and she told us that she had a very

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common childhood for people her age

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coming from her home city like many of

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her peers

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when she hit her teeny teenage years

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in the 1990s her parents

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who were working for a state-owed

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enterprise

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they were working for a plastics factory

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they lost their jobs

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the plastics factory went out of

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business and making things

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even worse frida's father tried to start

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his own company

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but that failed and this was hard on

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frida

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because she had big dreams at the age of

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18

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she knew she wanted to work as an

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accountant

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for one of the big four accounting firms

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but she faced two obstacles

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first was lack of money and second

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was lack of english skills and

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to teach herself english she started

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learning by herself on the internet

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probably using an old-fashioned computer

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like this so let's hear how she got her

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first job

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with ikea she told me that when she

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found

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an ad for ikea printed

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uh online she had no idea what kind of

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company it was

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ikea was very new in china and the way

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she prepared for the ad

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she told me that she stayed up all night

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for three nights the night before the

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interview

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and she memorized the entire website

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on life story of ikea

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she memorized the history of ikea

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the product line division and mission

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statement

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so during the interview when the hr

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director

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casually asked her what do you know

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about ikea

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frida jong opened her mouth and recited

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the entire website she got the job

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and not only was she hired as an

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accountant

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at the age of 22 but just

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one year later at 23

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she became finance manager for north

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china

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and shortly after that she became the

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first chinese

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to join ikea's china management team

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and now she's the china ceo

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so frida's story of extreme

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passion and extreme perseverance

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to me prove my point that

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all business leaders in the world

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and all future business leaders should

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be studying

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china today let's meet the next

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china ceo this is alain crozier

play10:10

the ceo of microsoft china

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and i asked alan when we started our

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interview

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i asked him what are your biggest

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challenges

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he told me the biggest challenge is that

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people in the home country of microsoft

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in the us they misunderstand china

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he told me at the top levels of

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microsoft

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they know china well but if you go one

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or two layers below that many people

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misunderstand china they still think

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that china is a factory to the world

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or that china is a copycat nation

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but alan says china is actually

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very innovative rampantly innovative

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and he used one example to explain that

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to his chinese colleagues

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one of his favorite examples is about

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china's share bikes how many of you

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remember

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seeing the first share bikes on the

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streets of our cities

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back in 2017. remember that

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and first they were neatly lined up in

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front of

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our favorite metro station but pretty

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soon

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we found them in messy piles like this

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but alan says actually the share bikes

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can teach us a lot about innovation

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in china he reminds us that share bikes

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were actually developed in europe

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but the european european system had

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two major flaws the first flaw

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was that the bikes had to be picked up

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and dropped off from physical bike

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stations

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that made them expensive to create

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and secondly the bike users had to use

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a code that was not user friendly

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so chinese innovators took this

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okay system and made it really great

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that's because they stopped using the

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bike stations

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you could drop the bikes off almost

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anywhere

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and you could all get the bikes using an

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app

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we all already had

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so this kind of incremental innovation

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taking something that's okay and making

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it

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really great is one thing

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that alan says is now rampant in china

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and he says this kind of incremental

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innovation

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has laid a foundation for true

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innovation

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which he sees now coming from chinese

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companies

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doing ai internet of things

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facial recognition voice recognition and

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many others

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so this is my second proof that

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all business leaders and future business

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leaders

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should be following china today

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and let me introduce you to the third

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and final

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china ceo he comes to us from l'oreal

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and l'oreal is one of my favorite

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companies to talk about

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because i interviewed them both

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in the first book and the new book and

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today

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l'oreal is a huge multi-billion euro

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company

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so let's meet the current china ceo

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stefan

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render knitch he told me two important

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things

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about china first is that

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no other country in the world has the

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combination

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that china has of fast speed

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and huge scale he said

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there's many countries in the world that

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are growing fast

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like those in southeast asia and there's

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some markets that are already big

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like united states but only china

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is both fast and grand

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he said china is the kind of place

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where a company like l'oreal which is

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already

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a multi-billion euro company can grow at

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double digits or even

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30 per year and the last quote

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that he gave us is actually something

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for all of us

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living and working in china or those who

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want to work more with china

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because it's about your career he told

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us

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that all top talent of l'oreal

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they must work in china before they can

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go

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to the top of the company globally so

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he said that you must know

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china from the inside it's not something

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you can

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theorize you must connect with chinese

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people

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this is an absolute must and actually

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stefan is an example of his own quote

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because just a few months after i

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interviewed him

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he became he rose to a global position

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he is now vice president north america

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for l'oreal so let me recap

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the three reasons why i say

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all business leaders and future leaders

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should study china now the first reason

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is about the extreme passion

play15:56

and extreme perseverance of business

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leaders

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like frida jong of ikea

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the second is about

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the rampant innovation and rampant

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improvement going on in china's consumer

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technology

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as we heard from alain crozier of

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microsoft

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and third is china's unique position

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in terms of having both speed and

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scale and because companies like l'oreal

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are requiring their global executives

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to work in china first

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so with that i believe that anyone

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who wants to be a business leader can

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benefit

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greatly from studying what's going on in

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china

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in fact i believe that if you do study

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what's going on in china you will be

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the kind of business leader i interview

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in my books in fact i'll even go

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one step further and say i strongly

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believe

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that many people in this room and

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listening to this speech

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are future china ceos

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and with that in mind i look forward to

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meeting you asking you questions

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and learning from you when i write china

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ceo 3.

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thank you

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