PEMBANGUNAN DI INDONESIA PADA MASA ORDE LAMA | IPS SMP Kelas 9

Summary

The video explains national development in Indonesia during the Old Order era (1945–1966) under President Soekarno. It emphasizes that development is not limited to physical infrastructure but includes political, economic, and social dimensions. Amid political instability, frequent cabinet changes, and post-colonial economic weakness, Indonesia pursued planned national development as a form of social change. Key achievements included the 1955 General Election, the Asia-Africa Conference, and the shift from parliamentary to guided democracy. Economically, planning institutions were established, infrastructure projects expanded, and major events like GANEFO showcased Indonesia’s national identity. Despite enthusiasm, challenges in stability and the economy led to the transition to the New Order era.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia's development efforts after independence included constructing vital infrastructure like railways, roads, and power plants.
• 😀 Development is not just about physical infrastructure; it's about improving people's lives in various fields.
• 😀 National development involves long-term, planned efforts to improve a country's political, economic, and social conditions.
• 😀 The Old Order era in Indonesia (1945-1966) was marked by political instability, weak economic conditions, and internal conflicts.
• 😀 Soekarno and Hatta were key figures behind Indonesia's independence and the establishment of the first government system.
• 😀 Indonesia initially adopted a parliamentary democracy, but political instability led to frequent leadership changes.
• 😀 Despite challenges, Indonesia held significant political events, such as the first general election in 1955 and the Asia-Africa Conference.
• 😀 In 1959, the shift from parliamentary democracy to guided democracy occurred, with Soekarno serving as both President and Prime Minister.
• 😀 Indonesia's economy saw early development through agencies like the Economic Planning Agency (1947) and BAP PENAS (1963).
• 😀 The Old Order era saw large-scale infrastructure projects, including airports, bridges, and dams, aimed at improving national development and showcasing Indonesia’s capabilities.

Q & A

What is the Old Order era in Indonesia?

The Old Order era refers to the period of Indonesia's history from 1945 to 1966, during which President Soekarno led the country. It was characterized by political instability, internal conflicts, and efforts to rebuild after colonialism.

What does development mean in the context of the script?

Development refers to a planned effort to improve the quality of people's lives in various fields, including political, economic, and social sectors. At the national level, it is referred to as national development.

How did Indonesia's political landscape change during the Old Order?

Indonesia initially adopted a parliamentary democracy system, but due to political instability and frequent changes in leadership, President Soekarno shifted the country to a guided democracy in 1959, where he served as both president and prime minister.

What major political events took place in Indonesia during the Old Order?

Two major political events were the successful holding of Indonesia's first general election and the Asia-Africa Conference in 1955, which aimed at uniting developing nations. In 1959, Soekarno issued a presidential decree, shifting Indonesia's political system to guided democracy.

How did the Old Order government approach economic development?

Economic development during the Old Order began with the formation of the Economic Planning Agency in 1947. The government focused on long-term planning, creating various economic strategies to improve trade, entrepreneurship, and fiscal policy.

What role did infrastructure play in Indonesia's development during the Old Order?

Infrastructure development was a key focus during the Old Order. Projects included the construction and renovation of roads, bridges, airports, schools, hospitals, and telecommunications networks, all aimed at improving community life and supporting national development.

What were some significant infrastructure projects during the Old Order?

Notable infrastructure projects included Juanda Airport in Sidoarjo, the Ampera Bridge in South Sumatra, the Jati Luhur dam in West Java, and the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium. These projects were intended to support military efforts, transportation, irrigation, and international diplomacy.

What was the GANEFO event, and what was its purpose?

The GANEFO (Games of the New Emerging Forces) was an international sporting event initiated by Soekarno in 1963 to demonstrate Indonesia's leadership among developing countries. It served as a political diplomacy tool to strengthen solidarity between Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

How did political instability impact Indonesia's development during the Old Order?

Political instability, characterized by frequent changes in leadership and conflicts between political ideologies, hindered the country's development. Despite this, Indonesia continued to implement development programs in both political and economic spheres.

What led to the transition from the Old Order to the New Order?

The Old Order era faced significant challenges, including political instability and economic difficulties. These conditions ultimately led to the transfer of power to the New Order, which focused more on economic growth and political stability.