Posisi Anatomi & Terminologi Gerakan | Video Tugas Praktikum

Summary

This transcript introduces key anatomical terminology used to describe body parts and their positions in relation to each other. It covers concepts such as superior, inferior, cranial, caudal, and anatomical planes, as well as terms like proximal, distal, anterior, and posterior. The script explains various movements, including flexion, extension, rotation, and circumduction, and discusses specific terms for foot and hand movements such as inversion, eversion, and deviation. This foundational explanation helps in understanding body positions and movements in anatomical studies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Relation in anatomical terminology describes the position of body parts relative to each other using specific adjectives arranged as opposite pairs.
• 😀 Anatomical position is the standard reference: head facing forward, body upright, feet forward, arms at the side with palms facing forward, and fingers slightly open.
• 😀 Superior refers to a body part closer to the top, while inferior refers to a part closer to the bottom.
• 😀 Cranial refers to a part closer to the head, and caudal refers to a part closer to the feet.
• 😀 Medial describes a structure closer to the midline of the body, whereas lateral describes a structure farther from the midline.
• 😀 Proximal refers to a part of a limb closer to its base, while distal refers to a part farther from the base.
• 😀 Anterior indicates the front position of a body part, and posterior indicates the back position.
• 😀 Flexion is the bending of a joint, while extension is the straightening of a joint.
• 😀 Abduction is the movement away from the body, and adduction is the movement toward the body.
• 😀 Rotation involves turning a joint, while circumduction is a circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
• 😀 Elevation lifts a body part, and depression lowers it.
• 😀 Inversion tilts the sole of the foot inward, and eversion tilts it outward, applicable only to the ankle.
• 😀 Radial deviation moves the hand toward the thumb, and ulnar deviation moves it toward the little finger.
• 😀 Supination raises the hand, and pronation arches the hand, terms used specifically for wrist movement.

Q & A

What is the anatomical position and why is it important?

The anatomical position is a standard reference position where the body stands upright, facing forward, feet together and parallel, arms at the sides with palms facing forward. It is important because it provides a consistent frame of reference for describing locations and movements of body parts.

What does the term 'superior' mean in anatomical terminology?

Superior refers to a body part that is closer to the top of the body or the head.

How is 'inferior' defined and what is an example?

Inferior refers to a body part that is closer to the feet or lower part of the body. For example, the stomach is inferior to the heart.

What is the difference between 'medial' and 'lateral'?

Medial refers to a body part closer to the midline of the body, while lateral refers to a body part farther from the midline.

Explain the terms 'proximal' and 'distal' with reference to limbs.

Proximal describes a part of a limb that is closer to the point of attachment to the body, while distal describes a part that is farther from the point of attachment. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

What is the difference between flexion and extension?

Flexion is the bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between two bones, whereas extension is the straightening of a joint, increasing the angle between two bones.

Define abduction and adduction.

Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the movement toward the midline of the body.

What is circumduction and how does it differ from rotation?

Circumduction is a circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, forming a conical motion. Rotation is simply the movement of turning a joint around its axis.

Which movements are specific to the ankle, and what do they involve?

Inversion and eversion are specific to the ankle. Inversion tilts the sole of the foot inward, and eversion tilts it outward.

Explain radial and ulnar deviation as well as supination and pronation of the wrist.

Radial deviation moves the hand toward the thumb, while ulnar deviation moves it toward the little finger. Supination rotates the forearm to raise the palm upward, and pronation rotates the forearm to turn the palm downward. These terms are specific to wrist movements.

What is the difference between elevation and depression?

Elevation is the lifting of a body part, such as shrugging the shoulders, while depression is the lowering of a body part, like returning the shoulders to a neutral position.

What is meant by cranial and caudal directions in the body?

Cranial refers to a direction toward the head, while caudal refers to a direction toward the feet.