🥇 GENERALIDADES DE ANATOMÍA - Posición Anatómica, Terminología Anatómica. ¡Fácil y Sencillo!

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of essential anatomical terms and movements in the human body. It covers key concepts such as ipsilateral and contralateral body parts, as well as a variety of joint movements, including abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation, circumduction, pronation, supination, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, inversion, eversion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion. The content is designed to help viewers understand how different body parts move and how to describe these movements using precise anatomical terminology. It’s an essential guide for students and professionals in anatomy and kinesiology.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral**: Ipsilateral refers to the same side of the body (e.g., right arm and right leg), while contralateral refers to the opposite side (e.g., right arm and left leg).
• 😀 **Abduction vs. Adduction**: Abduction is the movement away from the body's midline, while adduction is the movement back towards the midline. These occur along the anteroposterior axis.
• 😀 **Flexion vs. Extension**: Flexion decreases the angle between two body parts (e.g., bending an arm), and extension increases the angle (e.g., straightening the arm). These movements occur along the lateral axis.
• 😀 **Internal vs. External Rotation**: Internal rotation moves a body part towards the midline, while external rotation moves it away. These movements happen around a longitudinal axis.
• 😀 **Circumduction**: A circular movement that combines abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and rotation, typically occurring in highly mobile joints like the shoulder and hip.
• 😀 **Pronation vs. Supination**: Pronation occurs when the palm faces backwards (internal rotation of the forearm), while supination occurs when the palm faces forwards (external rotation of the forearm).
• 😀 **Protraction vs. Retraction**: Protraction is moving a body part forward (e.g., shoulders forward), while retraction is moving it backward (e.g., shoulders back).
• 😀 **Elevation vs. Depression**: Elevation involves raising a body part (e.g., lifting the shoulders), while depression involves lowering it (e.g., lowering the shoulders).
• 😀 **Inversion vs. Eversion**: Inversion is the inward movement of the foot’s sole, while eversion is the outward movement, typically happening at the ankle.
• 😀 **Plantar vs. Dorsiflexion**: Plantar flexion is the downward movement of the foot (e.g., standing on tiptoe), while dorsiflexion is the upward movement (e.g., lifting toes towards the shin).

Q & A

What is the difference between ipsilateral and contralateral injuries?

Ipsilateral refers to injuries on the same side of the body (e.g., right upper and right lower limbs), while contralateral refers to injuries on opposite sides of the body (e.g., right upper limb and left lower limb).

What does abduction mean in anatomical terms?

Abduction refers to moving a body part away from the midline of the body. For example, when the arm is moved away from the torso.

What is adduction, and how does it relate to abduction?

Adduction is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body, which is the opposite of abduction. The two movements are complementary and often occur together.

How are flexion and extension different?

Flexion refers to decreasing the angle between two parts of the body, while extension is the increase in that angle. These movements are typically opposite and can occur together.

What is internal rotation, and how does it differ from external rotation?

Internal rotation (medial rotation) involves rotating a body part toward the midline, while external rotation (lateral rotation) involves rotating a body part away from the midline.

What is circumduction, and which joints can perform it?

Circumduction is a circular movement that combines abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and rotation. It can occur in highly mobile joints like the shoulder and hip.

What is the difference between pronation and supination?

Pronation is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward or backward, while supination is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward or forward, as in the anatomical position.

What do protraction and retraction mean in anatomy?

Protraction refers to moving a body part forward, such as with the shoulders or jaw, while retraction refers to moving it backward, returning it to its original position.

What is the difference between elevation and depression?

Elevation refers to raising a body part, such as lifting the shoulders, while depression refers to lowering it, such as when lowering the shoulders.

How do inversion and eversion differ in foot movements?

Inversion refers to turning the sole of the foot inward, while eversion involves turning the sole outward, away from the body.

What is plantar flexion, and how does it differ from dorsiflexion?

Plantar flexion is the movement of the ankle where the toes point downward, as in standing on tiptoes, while dorsiflexion involves pulling the toes upward toward the shin.