16 Dekret Presiden menjadi latar belakang kembali berlakunya UUD 1945

Summary

On July 5, 1959, President Soekarno issued the Presidential Decree at the Merdeka Palace in Jakarta, a crucial moment in Indonesian history. This decree reinstated the 1945 Constitution and ended the interim 1950 Constitution after the failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. It marked the end of parliamentary democracy and the beginning of the Guided Democracy era. The decree also led to the formation of new state institutions, including the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and the Supreme Advisory Council (DPAS), ultimately securing Indonesia's unity amidst political instability.

Takeaways

• 😀 On July 5, 1959, 62 years ago, President Sukarno issued the Presidential Decree at the Merdeka Palace in Jakarta.
• 😀 The decree was a response to the failure of the Constituent Assembly to establish a new constitution to replace the Provisional Constitution of 1950.
• 😀 There was a push to return to the 1945 Constitution, driven by political events and instability in the country.
• 😀 The decree re-established the 1945 Constitution as the national constitution, marking a significant moment in Indonesia's history.
• 😀 Following the dissolution of the Indonesian Republic, the Provisional Constitution became the governing law, while the Constituent Assembly failed to complete its task by 1958 due to political divisions.
• 😀 The political instability, which reflected weak governance and polarizing ideologies, led to the necessity for strong leadership.
• 😀 President Sukarno's proposal for 'guided democracy' was part of the effort to return to the 1945 Constitution and stabilize the country.
• 😀 The Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959 dissolved the Constituent Assembly, reinstated the 1945 Constitution, and abolished the 1950 Provisional Constitution.
• 😀 The decree also established the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and the Advisory Council (DPAS) to guide the country forward.
• 😀 The decree was widely supported by the Indonesian people, with the Indonesian Army ensuring its security and legitimacy, while the Supreme Court confirmed its legality.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Presidential Decree issued on July 5, 1959, in Indonesia?

The Presidential Decree issued by President Soekarno on July 5, 1959, marked the end of parliamentary democracy and the return to the 1945 Constitution, establishing the framework for Guided Democracy in Indonesia.

What led to the issuance of the Presidential Decree in 1959?

The decree was a response to the failure of the Constituent Assembly to establish a new constitution, ongoing political instability, and the country's need to stabilize and prevent disintegration.

What was the role of the Constituent Assembly in Indonesia's constitutional history before the decree?

The Constituent Assembly, formed after the 1955 elections, was tasked with drafting a new constitution to replace the temporary 1950 Constitution. However, due to political conflicts, it failed to complete this task by 1958.

What were the key political blocs in the Constituent Assembly, and what were their differences?

The main political blocs were the Pancasila Bloc, which supported a secular national ideology, the Islamic Bloc, and the Socialist Bloc. These groups struggled to find common ground, contributing to political instability.

What were the main points of the Presidential Decree issued by Soekarno?

The decree dissolved the Constituent Assembly, reinstated the 1945 Constitution, nullified the 1950 Constitution, and established the temporary People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and Supreme Advisory Council (DPAS).

How did the Indonesian public react to the Presidential Decree?

The decree received widespread support from the Indonesian public, and the Indonesian Army was tasked with ensuring its implementation.

What was the political system in Indonesia after the decree was issued?

The issuance of the decree ushered in a period of Guided Democracy, where sovereignty was held by the people but executed by the MPRS, marking the end of the Liberal Democracy system.

What is Guided Democracy, and how did it differ from the previous system?

Guided Democracy was a system where the people’s sovereignty was guided by wisdom in deliberation, led by a single authority (in this case, the MPRS), as opposed to the previous Parliamentary Democracy, which was characterized by party-based governance and instability.

What was President Soekarno’s concept of democracy during this period?

Soekarno’s concept of democracy during this period, known as ‘Guided Democracy,’ emphasized national unity, stability, and the centralization of power under the guidance of the MPRS, instead of the fragmented, party-based system of the previous democratic structure.

What was the content of Soekarno’s 1959 speech titled ‘Penemuan Kembali Revolusi Kita’?

Soekarno’s speech, known as the ‘Political Manifesto of the Republic of Indonesia,’ outlined the political direction for the country under the new system, emphasizing national unity and the importance of the 1945 Constitution as the guiding document.