Sejarah dekrit presiden 5 juli 1959

Summary

The transcript discusses Indonesia's historical event on July 5, 1959, when President Soekarno issued the Presidential Decree at the Merdeka Palace. This decree reinstated the 1945 Constitution due to the failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution, replacing the provisional 1950 constitution. It also marked the transition from a parliamentary democracy to a guided democracy, ending political instability caused by party conflicts. The decree was widely supported, with military and government institutions ensuring its implementation. This event played a crucial role in shaping Indonesia's political landscape.

Takeaways

• 📜 On July 5, 1959, President Soekarno issued a decree at the Merdeka Palace, marking a pivotal moment in Indonesian history.
• ⚖️ The decree was a response to the Constituent Assembly's failure to draft a new constitution to replace the 1950 provisional constitution.
• 📅 The decree reinstated the 1945 Constitution as the legal foundation of Indonesia.
• 🌍 The Constituent Assembly struggled due to ideological differences between political parties, causing political instability.
• ⚔️ The decree ended the liberal democracy era and parliamentary system, transitioning Indonesia into a period of 'Guided Democracy'.
• 🛡️ The military, led by Colonel AH Nasution, supported the decree and played a role in ensuring its implementation.
• 🏛️ Following the decree, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, and temporary bodies like the MPRS (People's Consultative Assembly) and DPAS (Supreme Advisory Council) were formed.
• 📢 The 1945 Constitution emphasized people's sovereignty through representation in the MPR (People's Consultative Assembly), shifting power to the people, technically led by the MPR.
• 💬 President Soekarno's manifesto, delivered on August 17, 1959, titled 'Rediscovering Our Revolution,' became a central part of the national political direction.
• ✍️ The decree and subsequent actions aimed to stabilize the nation amidst fears of fragmentation and political division.

Q & A

What event is being described in the script?

The script describes the issuance of the Presidential Decree by President Soekarno on July 5, 1959, which marked a return to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia due to the failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution.

Why did President Soekarno issue the Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959?

President Soekarno issued the decree because the Constituent Assembly failed to complete its task of drafting a new constitution, causing instability in the country. There was also public pressure to return to the 1945 Constitution.

What was the primary goal of the Constituent Assembly formed after the 1955 elections?

The Constituent Assembly was tasked with drafting a new constitution to replace the Provisional Constitution of 1950.

What were the main political challenges faced by the Constituent Assembly?

The Assembly faced deep ideological divisions among political parties, leading to prolonged debates and failure to reach a consensus on a new constitution. This resulted in political instability.

What key decisions were made in the Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959?

The decree dissolved the Constituent Assembly, reinstated the 1945 Constitution, nullified the Provisional Constitution of 1950, and established the Provisional People’s Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and the Provisional Supreme Advisory Council (DPAS).

What impact did the Presidential Decree have on Indonesia's political system?

The decree marked the beginning of the Guided Democracy era in Indonesia, ending the period of parliamentary democracy and moving the country towards a more centralized system with greater executive control.

How did the Indonesian military respond to the Presidential Decree?

The Army Chief of Staff, Colonel AH Nasution, issued orders to secure the implementation of the decree, signaling the military's support for Soekarno's decision.

What was the role of the Supreme Court regarding the Presidential Decree?

The Supreme Court of Indonesia endorsed the legitimacy of the Presidential Decree, supporting its constitutional and legal basis.

How did the Indonesian Parliament react to the Presidential Decree?

In a session on July 22, 1959, the Parliament unanimously agreed to continue its work based on the 1945 Constitution, showing broad political support for the decree.

What major shift in governance occurred after the issuance of the Presidential Decree?

After the decree, Indonesia transitioned to the Guided Democracy system, which emphasized the role of the People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) as the body representing the people's sovereignty, while significantly strengthening Soekarno’s executive powers.