MASA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN - SEJARAH - MATERI UTBK SBMPTN DAN SIMAK UI

Summary

The video discusses the Guided Democracy period in Indonesia, which lasted from 1959 to 1966. It begins with the issuance of the Presidential Decree by President Sukarno on July 5, 1959, and ends with the Supersemar (March 11 Order) in 1966, marking the transition of power to Suharto. Key points include the shift from a parliamentary to a presidential system, the reintroduction of the 1945 Constitution, the dominance of the executive, and the political reforms, such as the dissolution of the Masyumi and PSI parties due to their involvement in regional rebellions.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Guided Democracy era in Indonesia began in 1959 and ended in 1966.
• 🗓️ The start of Guided Democracy is marked by President Sukarno's Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959.
• 🏛️ The era ended in 1966 when power transitioned from President Sukarno to General Suharto following the Supersemar (March 11 Order).
• 📝 The Presidential Decree of 1959 had three main points: dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the return to the 1945 Constitution, and the formation of the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and Provisional Supreme Advisory Council (DPAS).
• 🏛️ A key feature of Guided Democracy was the shift from a parliamentary to a presidential cabinet system.
• 📖 The era saw a return to the 1945 Constitution, contrasting with the 1950 provisional constitution used during the Liberal Democracy period.
• 🏢 During Guided Democracy, there was an increase in executive power, with the president holding both head of state and head of government roles.
• 🛑 The Masyumi Party and the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI) were dissolved due to some members' involvement in the PRRI-Permesta rebellion.
• 📉 The DPR from the 1955 elections was dissolved after it rejected President Sukarno's proposed state budget in 1960, leading to the formation of the Gotong Royong Parliament (DPR-GR).
• 🎓 The script summarizes key policies and characteristics of the Guided Democracy era, including political, social, and economic changes led by President Sukarno.

Q & A

When did the era of Guided Democracy in Indonesia begin and end?

The era of Guided Democracy in Indonesia began in 1959 and ended in 1966.

What event marked the beginning of the Guided Democracy era in Indonesia?

The issuance of the Presidential Decree by President Sukarno on July 5, 1959, marked the beginning of the Guided Democracy era.

What significant event in 1966 marked the end of the Guided Democracy era?

The issuance of the Supersemar (March 11 Order) in 1966, which led to the transfer of power from President Sukarno to Suharto, marked the end of the Guided Democracy era.

What were the three key points of President Sukarno's 1959 Presidential Decree?

The three key points were: (1) the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, (2) a return to the 1945 Constitution, and (3) the formation of the temporary MPRS and DPAS.

How did the political system under Guided Democracy differ from the previous Liberal Democracy era?

Under Guided Democracy, the political system shifted from a parliamentary cabinet system to a presidential cabinet system, with President Sukarno acting as both head of state and head of government.

What constitution was used during the Guided Democracy era?

The 1945 Constitution was reinstated and used during the Guided Democracy era, replacing the 1950 provisional constitution from the Liberal Democracy period.

What was one of the key characteristics of the Guided Democracy era in terms of government power?

One of the key characteristics was the dominance of the executive branch, as opposed to the legislative dominance during the Liberal Democracy era.

Why were the Masyumi Party and the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI) dissolved during the Guided Democracy era?

The Masyumi Party and PSI were dissolved due to the involvement of some of their members in the PRRI-Permesta rebellion.

What was the PRRI-Permesta rebellion, and what caused it?

The PRRI-Permesta rebellion was a regional uprising primarily in Sumatra and Sulawesi. It was driven by regional dissatisfaction over economic disparities between Java and other regions, as well as a demand for greater regional autonomy.

What happened to the 1955-elected Parliament during the Guided Democracy era?

The 1955-elected Parliament was dissolved by President Sukarno in 1960 after it refused to approve the state budget. It was replaced by the DPR-GR (Gotong Royong Parliament).