Workplace Health and Safety Legislation in Australia, mini lecture
Summary
TLDR本视频讲座由Joe Kidney主讲,他是伦敦南岸大学的访问讲师。讲座主题为澳大利亚工作场所健康与安全立法,旨在为该大学的职业健康护理学位课程提供支持。Joe Kidney比较了澳大利亚和英国在健康与安全管理方面的相似之处和不同之处,并介绍了澳大利亚工作健康与安全立法的框架、主要责任持有者、工人赔偿立法、安全领导力、文化以及职业健康安全专业的现状。他还强调了澳大利亚在推动健康安全文化、领导力和信息技术在健康安全管理中的应用方面的努力。
Takeaways
- 🏢 澳大利亚和英国都有工作场所健康与安全立法,要求雇主和业务经营者提供安全的工作场所并管理与工作相关的风险。
- 📚 澳大利亚的健康与安全立法是由八个州和地区的各自立法机构单独制定的,而不是由一个统一的机构负责。
- 🔍 澳大利亚有一个名为Safe Work Australia的机构,负责领导政策和立法的发展,以改善健康与安全状况。
- 📉 澳大利亚和英国都认识到,管理健康与安全不仅仅是遵守法律义务,还包括降低人力成本、商业成本,并实现业务目标。
- 🔄 澳大利亚近年来致力于协调健康与安全立法,以实现全国范围内的一致性,目前已有六个州和地区通过了协调一致的工作健康与安全立法。
- 👥 澳大利亚协调工作健康与安全立法中主要的责任承担者包括管理人员、业务经营者、工人以及其他相关人员。
- 🏥 澳大利亚有独特的工人赔偿立法,每个州或地区都有自己的法规和监管机构,这是一个无过错系统,确保受伤工人得到赔偿。
- 👷 澳大利亚强调安全领导力和文化,通过各种项目和合作伙伴关系推动领导者在工作场所安全中的作用。
- 📘 澳大利亚和新西兰有与国际标准相对应的健康与安全管理标准,这些标准经常被立法引用,并作为管理的基准。
- 🌐 信息技术和互联网资源在澳大利亚的健康与安全管理中扮演着重要角色,帮助偏远地区和虚拟社区共享信息和管理实践。
- 👩⚕️ 职业健康和安全在澳大利亚是公认的专业领域,有教育机构和专业机构提供职业资格认证和实践标准。
Q & A
澳大利亚的工作环境健康与安全立法有哪些特点?
-澳大利亚的工作环境健康与安全立法具有多样性,因为其八个州和地区各自制定了自己的法规,但近年来致力于采用全国统一的立法框架,即2011年生效的统一工作健康与安全立法,以提供健康与安全职责的一致性,并确立了风险管理的共同原则。
澳大利亚与英国在工作健康与安全方面有哪些相似之处?
-澳大利亚与英国在工作健康与安全方面都强调了法律义务之外的安全管理的重要性,如人力成本、商业成本以及实现商业目标、保障商业能力、提供健康工作环境和拥有健康生产力强的劳动力等。
澳大利亚的八个州和地区中,有哪些已经通过了统一工作健康与安全立法?
-澳大利亚的首都领地、昆士兰州、新南威尔士州、北领地、塔斯马尼亚州、南澳大利亚州和维多利亚州已经通过了统一工作健康与安全立法,而西澳大利亚州目前仍在使用自己的立法和实践准则。
统一工作健康与安全立法中主要的责任承担者有哪些?
-统一工作健康与安全立法中的主要责任承担者包括管理人员、企业经营者(也称为PCBU或雇主)、工人以及其他相关人员。
澳大利亚的工人补偿立法是如何运作的?
-澳大利亚的工人补偿立法要求雇主为可能遭受与工作相关的伤害或疾病的工人投保。这是一种无过错制度,即如果工人因工作受伤或生病并且索赔被保险公司接受,工人将获得支付以覆盖病假和医疗费用以及可能的再培训费用。
澳大利亚的健康与安全标准是如何制定的?
-澳大利亚的健康与安全标准由行业制定,可能包括国际标准和澳大利亚标准。例如,提供产品或服务给国际市场的公司可能会获得职业健康安全管理体系标准OHSAS 18001的认证,澳大利亚和新西兰有等效的标准AS/NZS 4801。
澳大利亚的职业健康与安全专业人员的构成是怎样的?
-澳大利亚的职业健康与安全专业人员包括教育组织和专业机构建立的职业健康和安全认可的教育和实践标准,但与英国相比,职业健康护士和医生在英国更为常见,而在澳大利亚,职业治疗师和康复及返工协调员在工作场所有更大的存在感,并承担职业健康护士在英国更传统的角色。
澳大利亚如何推动安全领导力和文化?
-澳大利亚通过诸如昆士兰的工作场所健康与安全零伤害工作领导力计划以及监管机构、行业和大学之间的合作伙伴关系,如建筑行业建筑安全能力框架的发展,来推动安全领导力和文化。
澳大利亚如何利用信息技术在健康与安全方面进行信息共享?
-澳大利亚利用互联网资源将信息提供给偏远地区,并通过虚拟社区聚集具有共同兴趣的人,共同管理问题和推广健康与安全的良好实践。
澳大利亚与英国在健康与安全立法方面的主要差异是什么?
-澳大利亚与英国在健康与安全立法方面的主要差异之一是,尽管澳大利亚有一个名为Safe Work Australia的总体机构来领导政策和立法的发展,但澳大利亚的工作健康与安全立法是在每个州和地区单独制定的,而英国则有一个统一的立法框架。
澳大利亚的健康与安全监管机构提供哪些服务?
-澳大利亚的健康与安全监管机构提供州或地区立法副本、实践准则、起诉和监管行动的详细信息,以及教育材料和指导。这些监管机构还举办研讨会和培训课程。
Outlines
🏢 澳大利亚工作场所健康与安全立法概述
本段介绍了澳大利亚工作场所健康与安全立法的背景,由伦敦南岸大学为职业健康护理学位课程提供的系列讲座之一。讲师Joe Kidney是伦敦南岸大学的访问讲师,他讨论了澳大利亚作为生活和工作的好地方,以及面临的挑战,如地域广阔、立法差异、文化多样性、气候和商业运营等。Joe Kidney分享了自己在澳大利亚和英国的职业健康和安全方面的培训和工作经验,并提出比较两国在健康安全管理方面的相似之处和不同之处。澳大利亚有类似于英国的健康和安全立法,要求雇主和企业负责人提供安全的工作环境并管理与工作相关的风险。澳大利亚各州和地区有各自的监管机构,负责立法、事故调查、起诉以及提供教育材料和指导。此外,还讨论了超越法律义务管理健康和安全的重要性,包括人力成本、商业成本以及实现商业目标等。
📚 澳大利亚健康与安全立法的协调
澳大利亚近年来致力于采用全国统一的立法框架,以协调各州和地区的健康与安全立法,这对跨州运营的企业尤为重要。目前,澳大利亚八个州和地区中有六个已经通过了2011年的统一工作健康与安全立法,自2012年1月1日起生效。该立法为健康和安全职责提供了一致性,并确立了风险管理的共同原则,即“尽可能合理地实践”以管理与工作相关的风险。新南威尔士州、北领地、塔斯马尼亚州、维多利亚州和西澳大利亚州等地区已经通过了这项立法,而昆士兰州和南澳大利亚州仍在使用自己的立法和实践守则。立法中定义了四种主要的责任承担者:官员、企业负责人或雇主、工人以及其他人,他们可能拥有多个义务,并且责任承担者之间可能共享义务。官员如董事会成员、CEO或高级执行官,他们有积极的关怀义务,需要展示尽职调查,确保有足够的资源来管理这些风险并应对事故。雇主负责提供安全的工作环境、工作活动、设备,并提供培训、信息和监督,确保有效协商和监测工人的健康和工作环境。工人有义务确保他们对自己的健康和安全以及他人的健康和安全采取合理的关注,并遵循雇主的合理指示。立法还规定了健康和安全代表的角色,他们有权代表一组工人,进入工作场所并发出改进通知。澳大利亚还有与工作健康安全立法相配套的工人赔偿立法,每个州或地区都有自己的立法和监管机构,要求雇主为可能遭受与工作相关的伤害或疾病的工人投保。这是一种无过错制度,即如果工人因工作受伤或生病,并且索赔被保险公司接受,工人将获得支付以覆盖病假和医疗费用等成本。
🛠️ 安全领导力、文化与健康安全标准
澳大利亚非常重视安全领导力和文化,除了必须遵守的健康和安全立法外,还有推动健康安全超越合规的驱动力。澳大利亚有着强烈的同志情谊和工作文化,这对于健康安全监管机构、行业和大学来说非常重要,他们通过各种项目和合作伙伴关系来促进领导者的角色。例如,昆士兰州的工作场所健康安全零伤害工作领导力计划,以及建筑行业安全能力框架的发展,这些项目定义了良好的安全领导者在建筑行业中应展现的行为类型。澳大利亚还强调信息共享和信息技术的使用,互联网资源可以帮助偏远地区和虚拟社区聚集在一起,共同管理问题并促进良好的健康安全实践。在职业健康和安全方面,澳大利亚和新西兰有与OHSAS 18001等效的标准,称为澳大利亚新西兰801健康安全管理标准,为健康安全管理系统提供了基础。此外,还有一系列与健康安全相关的标准,如焊接、脚手架、个人防护设备和电气安全等,这些标准通常被立法引用,并用作澳大利亚的管理标准。职业健康和安全在澳大利亚是一个公认的职业,有教育机构和专业机构建立教育和实践标准。与英国相比,澳大利亚在工作场所中更多地出现职业治疗师和康复及返工协调员等辅助专业人员,他们承担了在英国通常由职业健康护士完成的角色。这表明,在健康安全方面,尽管管理健康安全的基本原则相似,但在政府层面、组织内部以及工作场所的健康安全和相关从业者之间存在一些相似之处和差异。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡职业健康
💡安全立法
💡Safe Work Australia
💡风险管理
💡工作健康与安全代表
💡工人赔偿
💡澳大利亚标准
💡安全领导力
💡文化
💡职业健康护理
Highlights
澳大利亚以其阳光、海滩、烧烤以及独特的野生动物而闻名,是一个生活和工作的好地方。
澳大利亚面临的挑战包括国土辽阔、立法差异、文化多样性、气候以及商业运营等。
澳大利亚与英国在职业健康和安全管理方面存在相似之处和差异。
澳大利亚的健康与安全立法要求雇主和企业负责人提供安全的工作环境并管理与工作相关的风险。
澳大利亚的健康与安全立法是由八个州和地区的立法机构分别制定的。
澳大利亚的健康与安全监管机构提供立法、实践指南、监管行动信息以及教育资源。
澳大利亚的健康与安全立法框架与英国相似,但没有统一的法案和法规。
澳大利亚六个州和地区已经通过了统一的工作健康与安全立法。
统一立法为企业提供一致的健康与安全职责,并强调风险管理的重要性。
澳大利亚的主要责任承担者包括管理人员、企业负责人、工人以及其他相关人员。
澳大利亚与英国相比,有更广泛的特定风险立法,而澳大利亚更多依赖风险管理。
澳大利亚有独特的工人赔偿立法,要求雇主为可能遭受工作相关伤害的工人投保。
澳大利亚的工人赔偿是一个无过失系统,确保工人在受伤时获得必要的赔偿。
澳大利亚和新西兰有与OHSAS 18001等效的职业健康安全管理体系标准。
澳大利亚强调安全领导力和文化的重要性,推动健康与安全超越合规。
信息技术和互联网资源在澳大利亚的健康与安全管理中发挥着重要作用。
职业健康和安全在澳大利亚是公认的专业领域,有教育机构和专业机构支持。
澳大利亚与英国在健康安全从业者的角色和管理方法上存在差异。
重要的是要灵活适应不同的资源和方法,以实现最佳的健康与安全管理。
Transcripts
this mini lecture on workplace health
and safety legislation in Australia is
one of a group of lectures provided for
the London Southbank University z'
occupational health nursing degree
programme hello I'm Joe kidney and a
visiting teaching fellow at the London's
Southbank University as a country known
for its sunshine sized lifestyle
barbecues beaches and even with it
snakes spiders and sharks there's no
doubt that Australia is a great place to
live and work as with any country
Australia does of course have its
challenges
these include its sheer size its
differences in legislation diversity and
culture climate and commercial
operations these challenges all add
color and vibrancy for managing health
and safety and having trained and worked
in occupational health and in Health and
Safety in Australia and in the UK this
mini lecture and information sheet is a
great opportunity to take a step back
and think about the similarities and
differences between the two countries
and the way in which health and safety
is managed here in Australia in this
lecture I'll talk about the similarities
and differences in health and safety
between Australia in the UK I'll explain
the way workplace health and safety
legislation and codes of practice are
used in Australia and the main Duty
holders laid down by legislation I'll
then talk briefly about workers
compensation legislation Australian
standards safety leadership and culture
and the health and safety profession
from an Australian perspective there's
an information sheet that accompanies
this mini lecture which can be
downloaded from the kidney occupational
health and safety website wwe.com in
terms of its size and population
comparing the UK with Australia is like
looking at two ends of the spectrum
Australia has a landmass six times
larger than the UK within a population
of approximately 22 million 485,000
compared that to the small land mass of
the UK and the population of
approximately 60 million Australia has
many of the work activities hazards and
risks that we see in the end
in the UK such as manual handling
hazardous substances working with or
being exposed to biological hazards
personal safety computer use
ergonomic issues fatigue stress as well
as emerging risks such as nanotechnology
it also has work activities hazards and
risks that are in many respects more
unique to Australia such as remote
working high temperatures humidity
fly-in fly-out
and camp based working mining for
resources and of course snake and spider
bites also similar to the UK Australia's
has health and safety legislation laid
bound by Parliament that requires
employers and persons conducting
businesses or undertakings to provide a
safe workplace and manage hazards and
risks associated with work
one of the main differences with the UK
is that whilst Australia has an
overarching body called Safe Work
Australia which leads the development of
policy and legislation to improve health
and safety and workers compensation
legislation in Australia is laid down
individually within each of Australia's
eight states and territories you can see
on the following slide these states and
territories and their respective
regulators the health and safety
regulator in each of Australia states
and territories has its own website and
provides copies of the state or
territory legislation codes of practice
details of prosecution and regulatory
action as well as educational materials
and guidance these regulatory bodies
also run workshops seminars and provide
training across their own jurisdictions
similar to the UK Australia recognizes
the importance of managing health and
safety beyond just compliance with legal
obligations so drivers such as human
costs business costs as well as the
importance of achieving business goals
securing business capability providing a
healthy work environment and having a
fit and productive workforce are
increasingly being seen as reasons for
managing health and safety at work as
well as linking it to other important
areas of management now when we look at
health and safety legislation in
Australia
we see a similar framework to that of
the UK there's no overarching act and
regulations which lays down duties and
obligations and codes of practice that
provide guidance on how to manage
hazards risks and meet obligations
however unlike the UK there is common
lead where there is common legislation
across the country each of Australia's
Straley estates and territories has its
own regulatory body which lays down
legislations investigates incidents
undertakes prosecutions and provides its
guidance and education harmonizing
health and safety legislation across
Australia has been a major focus in
recent years with a move to adopt a
common framework of legislation that was
agreed nationally this drive to
harmonize or have similar legislation is
particularly relevant for businesses
that operate across berk borders and
fall within more than one jurisdiction
at this point in time six Australia's
eight states and territories have passed
the harmonized work health and safety
legislation 2011 which came into effect
on the 1st of January 2012 this
legislation gives consistency in health
and safety duties as well as laying down
the common principle of risk management
and so far as reasonably practicable for
businesses to manage hazards and risks
associated with work you can see on the
slide here the states and territories
that have passed the harmonized
legislation and these are the Australian
Capital Territory Queensland New South
Wales Northern Territory Tasmania and
South Australia Victoria and Western
Australia currently continue with their
own legislation and codes of practice
there are four main Duty holders in the
harmonized work health and safety
legislation these are officers persons
conducting a business or undertaking
otherwise known as the PC bu or the
employer as would be commonly called
within the UK workers and others similar
to the UK Duty holders may have more
than one obligation and duty holders may
share obligations officers are those
with decision-making powers across an
organized
such as the board of directors CEO or
senior executives and have a proactive
duty of care to demonstrate due
diligence in their understanding of
legislation the hazards and the risks of
the organization to ensure sufficient
resource to manage these and to respond
to incidents the person conducting the
business or undertaking or the employer
is responsible for providing a safe
workplace work activities plant and
equipment for providing training
information and supervision and for
ensuring effective consultation and
monitoring of workers health and the
work environment the PCBU must also
ensure that all hazards and risks are
there eliminated or managed it would be
fair to say that the UK has a more
extensive range of hazards specific
legislation with Australia rely on risk
management to manage some risks which
are not yet covered by our legislation
an example of this would be the
introduction of the hand arm vibration
regulations in the UK which Australia at
this point does not yet have in place
workers are obliged to ensure that they
take reasonable care of their owner
others health and safety and to follow
reasonable directions of their employer
workers also have the right to cease
work that's not safe and are protected
against discrimination for raising
health and safety issues legislation
also provides for the role of the health
and safety representatives with their
rights to represent a group of workers
and to enter a workplace and issue
improvement notices where the PCBU
hasn't taken reasonable steps to manage
hazards and risks one piece of
legislation that is not found in the UK
but is well established in Australia is
workers compensation similar to the work
health and safety legislation each state
or territory has its own workers
compensation legislation and its own
regulator this legislation requires
employers to be insured for workers who
may experience a work-related injury or
in ill health insurance premiums are
based on the rating for the relevant
industry and
claims experience of the particular
business or organization with cover
provided by state or territory approved
insurance providers workers compensation
is a no-fault system this means that
where an injury or ill health is
experienced due to work and the claim is
accepted by the insurer the workers will
receive payment to cover sickness
absence and costs such as medical
expenses and Retraining if they can't
return to their usual role where workers
believe the employer is at fault and
damages for loss such as pain and
suffering loss of income etc assort an
employee may make a common law claim
against their employer these claims are
managed by the insurer and adversarial
where employers will look to defend
their position with the arrangements
they've put in place to meet health and
safety obligations paying an important
part in this disk defense similar to the
UK Australia refers to standards laid
down by industry to define practice
these standards may be international as
well as Australian an example of this is
where companies providing products or
services to the international market may
become accredited to the occupational
health and safety management system
standard OHSAS 18001 Australia and New
Zealand have an equivalent standard to
this which is called the Australian New
Zealand for 801 or health and safety
management system which again gives the
basis for health and safety management
systems here in Australia there's also a
wide range of health and safety
standards relating to step relating to
areas such as welding scaffolding
personal protective equipment and
electrical safety these are often
referred to by legislation and used as a
standard for management across Australia
there's a really strong focus on safety
leadership and culture so in addition to
the must-do of health and safety
legislation there is a drive to push
Health and Safety beyond compliance
Australia's got a strong sense of mate
ship and the culture at work is really
important health and safety regulators
and Industry and
we promote the roles of leaders through
programs such as Queensland's workplace
health and safety zero harm at work
Leadership Program and through
partnerships between the regulator
industry and universities such as the
development of the construction
industries construction safety
competency framework which laid down the
types of behaviors good safety leaders
should or would display within the
construction industry a further driver
of success for health and safety in
Australia is the sharing of information
and the use of information technology
with the help of the internet resources
can be provided to remote areas and
virtual communities are brought together
with a common interest in managing
issues and promoting good practice in
regards to health and safety as a
profession similar to the UK
occupational health and Health and
Safety are recognized professions with
educational organisations and
professional bodies establishing
vocation Airi tertiary qualifications
and standards for practice I would
probably say there's a higher prevalence
presence of a quelle 'the nurses and
physicians within the UK than here in
australia with occupational health
nursing a better recognised profession
in the UK whereas in australia allied
professionals such as occupational
therapists and rehabilitation and return
to work coordinators have a greater
presence in the workplace and undertake
roles that the occupational health nurse
would more traditionally complete in the
UK this demonstrates that while there
are similarities in health and safety
there are some differences in the
practitioners who manage health safety
and related areas at work my experience
of working in Health and Safety and
studying in Health and Safety in the UK
in Australia has shown that whilst the
basic principles for managing health and
safety is similar there are some real
similarities and differences in how this
is approached at a governmental level
within and between organisations and for
health and safety and related
practitioners within the workplace I
guess the message from me on these
differences in similarities other needs
who appreciate there are many different
ways of resourcing and approaching
health and safety at work
and it's important to be flexible and
adaptable the important thing is to
focus on the end goal and use the best
way of getting there with whatever
knowledge and resources are available so
this draws us to the end of this mini
lecture where we've looked at health and
safety legislation in Australia its
similarities and differences with the UK
we've also looked briefly at workers
compensation safety leadership and the
use of Australian standards once again
the information sheet that goes with
this mini lecture can be downloaded from
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