Materi Sosiologi Kelas X - Lembaga Sosial

Summary

In this lesson, the teacher introduces the concept of social institutions, explaining their role in society and how they function to maintain order. The script covers the definitions of social institutions, their characteristics, and the processes that lead to their formation, such as institutionalization. It also discusses the differences between manifest and latent functions of social institutions, with examples from family, economy, and politics. The teacher also outlines different types of social institutions, based on development, values, societal acceptance, spread, and functions. The lesson aims to provide a deeper understanding of the importance and roles of social institutions in shaping society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Social institutions refer to sets of norms that govern the relationships and actions of individuals within society.
• 😀 Social institutions are classified into various types, such as marriage, education, religion, government, and economy, each with its own associations and organizations.
• 😀 The process of institutionalization is the long process through which norms become part of society and establish systems that regulate behavior.
• 😀 Social institutions have distinct characteristics such as symbols, traditions, long-lasting age, and specific tools for achieving their goals.
• 😀 The symbol of each social institution serves to identify and give special meaning to its participants, helping to establish a community identity.
• 😀 Social institutions maintain order and security by enforcing rules and traditions, both written and unwritten.
• 😀 Social institutions typically outlive individuals and are passed down through generations, creating continuity in society.
• 😀 Social institutions have tools and resources to help achieve their goals, such as books and materials in educational institutions.
• 😀 Each social institution has an ideology or a shared set of beliefs that are considered ideal by its members, such as the belief systems found in religious institutions.
• 😀 Social institutions have resilience, meaning they don't simply disappear. For example, traditions and customs persist over time and remain influential.
• 😀 Social institutions have both manifest functions, which are explicit and recognized by society, and latent functions, which are unacknowledged or hidden yet still influential.

Q & A

What is the definition of social institutions according to the script?

Social institutions are defined as a set of norms that are interrelated, interdependent, and influence each other. They are created, altered, and maintained according to the needs of society.

How do social institutions help in society?

Social institutions regulate relationships among members of society, ensuring order and stability. They help organize behavior and provide a framework for achieving societal goals.

What are the examples of social institutions mentioned in the script?

Examples include marriage institutions (e.g., KUA), education institutions (e.g., schools, universities), religious institutions (e.g., mosques, churches), government institutions (e.g., parties, parliaments), and economic institutions (e.g., corporations).

What is meant by institutionalization or 'pelembagaan'?

Institutionalization refers to the process of turning norms into formalized, lasting social institutions. This process involves internalizing these norms through societal habits and traditions over time.

What are the characteristics of social institutions?

Social institutions have symbols, written or unwritten rules, a long lifespan, organizational tools, an ideology, and resilience. These characteristics distinguish them from non-institutional norms.

Can you give an example of a symbol within a social institution?

For example, in a religious institution, symbols like the cross in Christianity or the crescent in Islam are used to identify and give meaning to the institution.

What is the difference between manifest and latent functions of social institutions?

Manifest functions are those that are deliberate and obvious, such as the educational role of schools. Latent functions are unintended and not immediately obvious, like political institutions inadvertently serving as a means to accumulate wealth or close social gaps.

What is a crescive institution?

A crescive institution is a social institution that evolves gradually and informally, often arising from traditions or customs. Examples include marriage, property rights, and religion.

How does the script categorize social institutions based on their development?

Social institutions can be categorized as crescive institutions (evolving naturally from customs) and active institutions (purposefully established to achieve specific goals, like educational or financial institutions).

What is the importance of family as a social institution, according to the script?

The family is crucial as a social institution because it serves as the primary setting for socializing and instilling values and norms, thus contributing to the stability and continuity of societal traditions.