PENULISAN SEJARAH (HISTORIOGRAFI)

Summary

This educational video by Yulian Oktaviani provides an in-depth exploration of historiography, or the writing of history, as part of the 10th-grade Indonesian History curriculum. It covers the origins, functions, and goals of historiography, including its evolution through various forms: traditional, colonial, national, and modern. The video highlights key characteristics, examples, and the changing role of historiography in shaping national identity and critical analysis. Viewers gain insight into how history is written and interpreted across different eras and perspectives, with an emphasis on objectivity, methodology, and the role of ordinary people in historical narratives.

Takeaways

• 😀 Historiography is the writing of history, originating from Greek, combining 'Historia' (history) and 'Gravia' (writing).
• 😀 Historiography involves interpreting past events and is published in research reports to be held accountable by various audiences.
• 😀 The three primary functions of historiography are genetic (tracing origins of events), didactic (providing lessons), and pragmatic (legitimizing power).
• 😀 The main goals of historiography include connecting the past to the present, understanding the formation of artifacts, and inspiring architects.
• 😀 There are four main types of historiography: traditional, colonial, national, and modern.
• 😀 Traditional historiography was often written by royal court scholars and lacked scientific methods, making it highly subjective.
• 😀 Key characteristics of traditional historiography include palace-centered perspectives, legitimization of rulers, and mythological elements.
• 😀 Traditional historiography during the Hindu-Buddhist period included works like the Mahabharata and Negarakertagama.
• 😀 Colonial historiography, focused on European lives in colonial Indonesia, often ignored the perspectives of the local population and was used to justify colonial rule.
• 😀 National historiography emerged post-independence, focusing on Indonesian nationalism and written from an Indonesian-centered perspective.
• 😀 Modern historiography emphasizes accuracy through critical methods, using archival techniques and other research tools to present more objective and inclusive histories.

Q & A

What is historiography?

Historiography is the study and writing of history, specifically the interpretation and recording of past events. The term originates from Greek, where 'Historia' means history and 'Gravia' means writing.

What are the main functions of historiography?

The three main functions of historiography are: 1) Genetic function - to express the origins of events, 2) Didactic function - to provide lessons and moral teachings, and 3) Pragmatic function - to legitimize power or authority.

What is the purpose of historiography?

The purpose of historiography includes understanding the connection between the past and present, investigating the background of artifacts, assisting researchers and writers, and providing inspiration for architectural design.

What are the four types of historiography?

The four types of historiography are: 1) Traditional historiography, 2) Colonial historiography, 3) National historiography, and 4) Modern historiography.

What is traditional historiography and what are its characteristics?

Traditional historiography refers to historical writing by court writers or noblemen, often from the Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic kingdoms. Its characteristics include being culturally and politically influenced, lacking scientific methods, and having a high level of subjectivity.

Can you give examples of traditional historiography from the Hindu-Buddhist period?

Examples of traditional historiography from the Hindu-Buddhist period include the Mahabharata, Ramayana, Pararaton, Negarakertagama, Babad Arya Tabanan, and Serat Damarwulan.

What are the features of traditional historiography during the Islamic period?

During the Islamic period, traditional historiography included elements like mythological content, the use of chronology, and an ethnocentric perspective. Examples include Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai, Hikayat Aceh, and Babad Tanah Jawi.

What is colonial historiography and what is its focus?

Colonial historiography refers to historical writing produced during the Dutch colonial era, primarily focusing on the lives of the Dutch and Europeans in the East Indies, with the goal of reinforcing colonial authority.

What are the key characteristics of colonial historiography?

Colonial historiography typically has a Eurocentric perspective, is subjective, ignores local sources, separates history from prominent figures, and often discriminates against the native population of the East Indies.

What is national historiography and how did it emerge?

National historiography emerged after Indonesia's independence in 1945. It focuses on Indonesian nationalism, with historical writing often designed to promote national pride and unity among Indonesians.

What are the characteristics of modern historiography?

Modern historiography is more objective and critical, using scientific methods for historical analysis. It challenges earlier historical narratives and highlights the role of ordinary people in history.

Can you provide examples of modern historiography works?

Examples of modern historiography include 'Pemberontakan Petani Banten 1888' by Sartono Kartodirdjo and 'Revolusi Pemuda' by Benedict Anderson, both of which focus on critical historical events.