SEJARAH - KELAS X - HISTORIOGRAFI

Summary

This educational video provides an in-depth overview of historiography, exploring different types of historical writing: traditional, colonial, modern, and national. The presenter introduces the concept of historiography and explains how each type reflects different periods and perspectives in history. From the feudal and religious biases of traditional historiography to the objective and scientific approach of modern historiography, the script discusses the evolution of historical writing and its impact on national identity. It also outlines the key features, examples, and differences between these historiographical approaches, aiming to help students better understand the subject.

Takeaways

• 😀 Historiography is the study and writing of history based on a scientific and systematic approach.
• 😀 Historiography is divided into four categories: Traditional, Colonial, Modern, and National.
• 😀 Traditional Historiography is written by poets and aristocrats, often in royal courts, focusing on the monarchy and religious or magical elements.
• 😀 Colonial Historiography is Eurocentric, written by European authors to support their colonial agenda and often neglects local history.
• 😀 Modern Historiography emerged as a result of the need for critical, scientific methods in writing history, including archival research and multidimensional analysis.
• 😀 National Historiography emerged after Indonesia's independence in 1945, focusing on strengthening national identity through historical writing.
• 😀 The characteristics of Traditional Historiography include a feudalistic and religious outlook, focusing on kings and royal power.
• 😀 Colonial Historiography emphasizes a Eurocentric perspective, is often subjective, and tends to ignore local sources.
• 😀 Modern Historiography uses scientific methods, such as critical analysis, and focuses on smaller communities and social history.
• 😀 National Historiography aims to strengthen nationalism and uses scientific methods while focusing on Indonesia-centric history.
• 😀 The structure of historiographical writing includes clear sections such as background, problem statement, literature review, methodology, and results.

Q & A

What is the definition of interpretation in history?

Interpretation in history refers to the process of interpreting or reassembling historical facts into a complete, scientific, and harmonious narrative, which helps to form an understanding of past events.

What are the four types of historiography mentioned in the transcript?

The four types of historiography discussed are: traditional historiography, colonial historiography, modern historiography, and national historiography.

How is traditional historiography characterized?

Traditional historiography is often written by court scholars or poets from royal or feudal contexts. It is characterized by being religious, magical, and egocentric, with a focus on royal achievements and royal-centered narratives.

What is the main focus of colonial historiography?

Colonial historiography focuses on the history of colonial powers, particularly the Dutch in Indonesia, and is often written by Europeans. It aims to strengthen the colonial power's position and often neglects local perspectives.

How is modern historiography different from the traditional and colonial types?

Modern historiography uses critical, methodological approaches, with a focus on factual evidence and the use of research methods such as archival study, historiographical critique, and multi-dimensional analysis.

What are the characteristics of historiography modern?

Modern historiography is characterized by a methodological and critical approach, using scientific research methods. It also uses multi-dimensional perspectives, including local sources, and emphasizes historical critique.

What role does historiography play in nationalism according to the transcript?

National historiography plays a significant role in fostering nationalism by focusing on the history and identity of the nation. It employs scientific methods and local perspectives, aiming to reflect and enhance the national consciousness.

Can you give an example of traditional historiography from the Hindu-Buddha period?

An example of traditional historiography from the Hindu-Buddha period is the 'Pararaton' manuscript, which narrates the history of the kingdom and its royal figures.

What was the focus of historiography in the colonial era, and how did it influence historical writing?

Historiography during the colonial era focused on the lives of Europeans and colonial rulers. It often ignored local narratives and aimed to solidify the dominance of the colonial powers in the region.

What is the systematics of writing history as mentioned in the transcript?

The systematics of writing history include defining the subject of research, stating the problem and purpose, reviewing literature, selecting research methods, collecting data, and presenting the findings in a structured format such as a report with a conclusion and bibliography.