TUTORIAL CARA MENGOPERASIKAN MESIN CUCI DARAH (HEMODIALISA) || DUNIA KEPERAWATAN

Summary

In this video, Iman Muhammad Firmansyah, a hemodialysis nurse, provides a comprehensive overview of hemodialysis. He explains the process, equipment, and materials involved, such as the dialyzer, bloodlines, and the hemodialysis machine. The video covers the preparation steps, including priming the machine and connecting the necessary components, as well as the procedure for performing hemodialysis. It also emphasizes the importance of monitoring patients' vital signs and weight before and after the procedure. This informative guide is aimed at educating viewers on the critical aspects of hemodialysis treatment and patient care.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hemodialysis is a medical procedure used to filter waste from the blood, typically for patients with chronic kidney failure or other conditions that impair kidney function.
• 😀 The term 'hemodialysis' comes from two words: 'hemo' (blood) and 'dialysis' (filtering), which together mean blood filtration.
• 😀 Hemodialysis is mainly used for patients with chronic kidney failure, but it can also be used in cases of poisoning, acidosis, dehydration, and other medical conditions.
• 😀 The primary benefit of hemodialysis is to remove metabolic waste and toxins that the kidneys can no longer filter, replacing kidney function temporarily.
• 😀 There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis is more commonly used in patients with kidney failure.
• 😀 Key equipment for hemodialysis includes the hemodialysis machine, dialyzer (artificial kidney), bloodlines, fistula access, and medications like heparin to prevent blood clotting.
• 😀 The dialyzer acts as an artificial kidney, using filters to clean the blood. There are low flux and high flux types, depending on the patient's needs.
• 😀 Bloodlines are used to carry blood from the patient to the dialyzer and back, with specific tubes for arterial and venous blood flow.
• 😀 Heparin is used during hemodialysis to prevent blood clotting in the machine, with doses typically ranging from 50 to 100 units per kg of body weight.
• 😀 Patient monitoring is essential during hemodialysis, including monitoring vital signs (e.g., blood pressure) and fluid balance before, during, and after the session.
• 😀 The process of preparing the hemodialysis machine includes priming (filling bloodlines with saline), setting up the dialyzer, and ensuring no air bubbles are present in the bloodlines to avoid complications.

Q & A

What is hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that filters the blood in place of the kidneys when they are unable to perform their function due to chronic kidney failure. It removes waste products, excess fluid, and electrolytes from the bloodstream.

Why is hemodialysis necessary for patients with chronic kidney failure?

In chronic kidney failure, the kidneys can no longer filter and remove waste products from the blood. Hemodialysis is required to perform this function and prevent the accumulation of toxins and excess fluid in the body.

What are the key components used in the hemodialysis procedure?

The main components used in hemodialysis include the hemodialysis machine, dialyzer (artificial kidney), bloodlines (arterial and venous), and dialysate fluid. These work together to filter and return clean blood to the patient.

What is the role of the dialyzer in hemodialysis?

The dialyzer acts as a filter during hemodialysis. It removes waste products and excess substances from the blood by allowing it to pass through semipermeable membranes that filter out toxins while retaining important proteins and cells.

How does the blood flow through the hemodialysis system?

Blood is drawn from the patient's body through the arterial bloodline, passes through the dialyzer where filtration occurs, and is returned to the body through the venous bloodline. The flow of blood through the dialyzer is countercurrent to the flow of the dialysate fluid, facilitating the removal of waste.

What is priming, and why is it important in hemodialysis?

Priming is the process of filling the bloodlines and dialyzer with saline (NaCl) before the start of the dialysis. This ensures that air is removed from the system and helps prevent air embolism, which could be dangerous for the patient.

What are the risks if priming is not done properly?

If priming is not done properly, air bubbles or disinfectant fluids from the dialyzer may enter the patient's bloodstream, which can lead to complications such as air embolism or infection.

What is the purpose of heparin in hemodialysis?

Heparin is used during hemodialysis to prevent blood from clotting in the extracorporeal circuit (outside the body). It ensures that the blood remains fluid as it moves through the bloodlines and dialyzer.

How is the dialysate fluid prepared during the hemodialysis procedure?

The dialysate fluid is prepared by mixing bicarbonate and acid solutions, which are combined with water filtered through reverse osmosis. The resulting fluid is designed to mimic the composition of healthy blood serum and aid in the filtration process.

What safety precautions are taken during hemodialysis to ensure patient safety?

During hemodialysis, vital signs such as blood pressure are closely monitored. Additionally, the system is checked for air bubbles, and the dialysis machine's pressure sensors ensure that the blood flow remains within safe limits. Heparin is administered to prevent clotting, and post-dialysis weight checks are performed to track fluid removal.