EPS 32 "Persinggungan Paham Berbagai Aliran Kalam dalam Pribadi Muslim"

Summary

The speaker explores the influence of various theological streams on Indonesian Muslims, particularly those within the Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah tradition. While identifying key doctrinal differences, the speaker highlights how ideas from Khawarij, Murji'ah, Jabariyah, Qadariyah, and even Shia have subtly shaped Indonesian Islamic beliefs and practices. These influences include practices like takfirism, fatalism, and the celebration of maulid nabi, reflecting a complex intermingling of ideologies that continue to impact the faith of Indonesian Muslims. The speaker calls attention to how these diverse influences are often unrecognized, despite their ongoing presence in Indonesian Islamic culture.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesian Muslims primarily identify with Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah, but are influenced by various other Islamic theological schools.
• 😀 Historical sectarian conflicts, such as between traditionalist and modernist Islam, have left a lasting impact on contemporary Indonesian Islam.
• 😀 Takfirism, or the tendency to label fellow Muslims as non-believers, is an influence of the Khawarij school that persists in some parts of Indonesia.
• 😀 Murji'ah's view that simply performing rituals like wudu (ablution) can erase sins influences many Indonesian Muslims' attitudes toward sin.
• 😀 Fatalistic beliefs attributed to Jabariyyah, where outcomes are seen as solely determined by God's will, are reflected in common sayings in Indonesian society.
• 😀 The Qadariyyah school’s emphasis on human free will and responsibility shapes the mindset in Indonesia, promoting the idea that diligence leads to success.
• 😀 Shi'ah thought, particularly related to Imam Mahdi and the practice of Maulid Nabi, has influenced Indonesian Sunni Muslims, despite historical differences.
• 😀 The idea of Imam Mahdi as a messianic figure is rooted in Shi'ah thought but has been absorbed into broader Indonesian Islamic beliefs.
• 😀 The Fatimid dynasty, a Shi'ah group, was responsible for initiating the tradition of celebrating Maulid Nabi, a practice now widespread in Indonesia.
• 😀 Despite claiming to follow Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah, many Indonesian Muslims unknowingly embrace ideas from Khawarij, Murji'ah, Jabariyyah, Qadariyyah, and Shi'ah.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the transcript?

The transcript focuses on the intersection of various Islamic theological schools and their influence on Indonesian Muslims, particularly those following the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah tradition. It explores how Indonesian Islam has absorbed ideas from other schools of thought over time.

What are some of the key theological schools mentioned in the transcript?

The transcript mentions several key theological schools, including Khawarij, Murjiah, Jabariyah, Qadariyah, and Shia, each of which has influenced the beliefs and practices of Indonesian Muslims.

How does the Khawarij school influence Indonesian Muslims?

The Khawarij school is known for its strict and exclusionary views, particularly in relation to takfir (excommunication) and accusations of shirk (polytheism). This influence can still be seen in some Indonesian Muslim practices, where individuals may be quick to label others as non-believers.

What is the main characteristic of the Murjiah school and its impact on Indonesian Muslims?

The Murjiah school emphasizes the ease of forgiveness, which has led some Indonesian Muslims to believe that acts of worship, like wudu (ablution), can absolve sins, even if they engage in sinful behavior. This reflects a belief in the grace of God to wash away sins easily.

How does the Jabariyah school affect Indonesian Muslims' worldview?

The Jabariyah school stresses divine determinism, the belief that everything is preordained by God. In Indonesian society, this influence is seen in passive acceptance of life’s circumstances, as reflected in sayings like 'mangan nggak mangan sing penting kupul alon-alon waton kelakon' (eating or not eating, what’s important is that everything happens slowly but surely).

What does the Qadariyah school emphasize, and how does it show up in Indonesian culture?

The Qadariyah school emphasizes human free will and responsibility. This is reflected in Indonesian expressions such as 'Rajin pangkal pandai' (Diligence leads to intelligence) and 'Hemat pangkal kaya' (Saving leads to wealth), which suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between one’s actions and outcomes.

How has Shia Islam influenced Indonesian Muslims despite the dominant Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah tradition?

Shia Islam has influenced Indonesian Muslims, especially through practices like celebrating Mawlid (the Prophet’s birthday), which originated with the Shia Fatimid dynasty. Additionally, beliefs such as the awaited 12th Imam Mahdi, who is believed to bring justice at the end of times, reflect Shia theological ideas.

What role does the Mawlid celebration play in the spread of Shia influence in Indonesia?

The Mawlid celebration, which commemorates the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, was first institutionalized by the Shia Fatimid dynasty in Egypt. Although it is now widely observed in Indonesia, its origins in Shia tradition highlight the subtle influence Shia Islam has had on Indonesian Sunni practices.

What is the speaker’s message regarding the awareness of these theological influences in Indonesia?

The speaker emphasizes the importance of being aware of the various theological influences shaping the beliefs of Indonesian Muslims. Although many identify with Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah, they unknowingly adopt ideas and practices from other schools, which may affect their understanding of Islam.

How does the speaker suggest we can achieve a more harmonious approach to Islamic practice in Indonesia?

The speaker suggests that by understanding the theological influences on Indonesian Islam, Muslims can engage in more critical reflection and foster a more harmonious approach to Islamic practice, overcoming sectarian divisions and recognizing shared values.