Sistem dan Dinamika Demokrasi Pancasila di Indonesia

Summary

This video provides an insightful overview of Pancasila democracy in Indonesia, examining its historical evolution from the Orde Lama (Old Order) to the Orde Baru (New Order) and the Reformasi (Reform Era). It covers the core principles of democracy, the unique characteristics of Pancasila democracy, and its legal foundations in Indonesia, highlighting its emphasis on equality, human rights, and citizen participation. The video also explores the key political transitions, including the shift to a multi-party system, free elections, and the ongoing importance of Pancasila in guiding Indonesia’s democratic system.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia is the third-largest democracy in the world, rooted in the principles of Pancasila.
• 😀 Democracy in Indonesia is based on the concept of 'government by the people' and has multiple forms, such as direct democracy, representative democracy, and constitutional democracy.
• 😀 Key features of democracy include citizen participation in decision-making, the protection of human rights, equality before the law, free press, and fair elections.
• 😀 Democracy Pancasila emphasizes people's participation through deliberation and consensus, guided by the values of justice, humanity, and unity.
• 😀 The Indonesian government is based on three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial powers, each with specific roles and responsibilities.
• 😀 Democracy Pancasila incorporates principles such as no forceful imposition of will, the prioritization of common interests, and equality of rights for all citizens.
• 😀 The legal foundation of Pancasila democracy is enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia and other related laws and decrees.
• 😀 The dynamics of democracy in Indonesia have evolved through different phases: the Old Order, New Order, and Reform Order, each with distinct characteristics and leadership styles.
• 😀 The New Order period (1966-1998) saw the implementation of Pancasila democracy with strong government control, followed by democratization efforts during the Reform Order starting in 1998.
• 😀 In the Reform Order, elections became free, fair, and transparent with the involvement of multiple political parties, marking a significant shift from the authoritarian practices of the New Order.

Q & A

What is the definition of democracy based on the Greek roots 'demos' and 'kratos'?

Democracy is derived from the Greek words 'demos' meaning 'people' and 'kratos' meaning 'power'. Thus, democracy literally means 'power of the people'.

How do different scholars define democracy?

Kunjoro Purba Pranoto defines democracy as a system that encourages active participation of the people in government. Abraham Lincoln defines it as a government 'of the people, by the people, for the people'. Henry B. Wayo emphasizes that decisions are made by the majority of elected representatives and are effectively monitored by the people.

What are the different forms of democracy mentioned in the video?

The forms of democracy mentioned are: 1) Direct Democracy, 2) Representative Democracy, 3) Referendum, and in terms of ideological principles: 4) People's Democracy, 5) Constitutional Democracy. Additionally, democracy can be categorized by its focus as 6) Formal Democracy, 7) Material Democracy, and 8) Combined Democracy.

What are the key characteristics of a democratic government?

Key characteristics include: 1) Citizen involvement in political decisions, 2) Recognition and protection of human rights, 3) Equality of citizens in all fields, 4) Independent judiciary, 5) Freedom of speech and media, 6) Free and fair elections, 7) Respect for diversity and pluralism.

How is democracy Pancasila defined and what makes it unique?

Democracy Pancasila is a democracy based on the values and philosophy of Pancasila, Indonesia's foundational national ideology. It is characterized by people’s participation guided by wisdom through representative deliberation, with respect for religious, humanistic, and social justice values.

What are the main principles of democracy Pancasila?

The main principles include: 1) Equality of all citizens before the law, 2) Non-imposition of will on others, 3) Prioritizing deliberation for consensus, and 4) Emphasizing the common good over individual interests.

What legal foundations support democracy Pancasila in Indonesia?

Democracy Pancasila is supported by the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, especially in its preamble and specific articles (Article 1 and Article 2). Additionally, laws such as TAP MPR No. 8/1998 and other regulations like Law No. 4/1999 on the structure of the MPR and DPR reinforce its legal framework.

How did the democratic system evolve in Indonesia from the Orde Lama to the Reformasi era?

Under Orde Lama (1945-1949), Indonesia practiced a form of democracy that was guided by the KNIP and later became more parliamentary in nature. The Orde Baru (1966-1998) saw a shift to a more centralized power structure under President Soeharto. The Reformasi era, beginning in 1998, marked a shift towards a more democratic system with free elections, multi-party politics, and enhanced civil liberties following Soeharto’s resignation.

What are the key differences between elections in the Orde Baru and the Reformasi periods?

During the Orde Baru (1966-1998), elections were controlled by the ruling regime with only a few political parties, and there were widespread reports of electoral fraud and violence. In contrast, the Reformasi period saw the introduction of free, fair, and direct elections, with independent oversight bodies like the KPU and Panwaslu to ensure transparency and fairness.

What role did the 1998 Reformasi movement play in shaping Indonesian democracy?

The 1998 Reformasi movement, sparked by student protests, led to President Soeharto’s resignation and the subsequent democratization of Indonesia. This period saw the introduction of important reforms, such as the decentralization of power, greater respect for human rights, and the establishment of a multi-party system with direct presidential elections.