Deafblind Communication methods and strategies
Summary
TLDR视频《聋盲沟通:方法与策略》介绍了澳大利亚聋盲人士常用的面对面沟通方法。视频强调了聋盲人群的多样性,包括视力和听力损失的程度、年龄以及可能伴随的其他残疾。所有聋盲人士都需要特殊的沟通支持,视频提供了如何接近聋盲人士、环境和语言调整、使用澳大利亚手语(Auslan)、触觉沟通、手指拼写、手掌打印等沟通技巧。特别指出,聋盲人士通常使用多种沟通方式,取决于上下文和沟通伙伴。视频鼓励与聋盲人士沟通时,了解并尊重他们的沟通偏好和需求,以减少孤立感,提供学习和社交的机会。
Takeaways
- 👋 **接近方式**:与视障听障人士交流时,应从前方接近,挥手引起注意,说出对方名字,如果不确定是否引起注意,可轻拍对方手臂。
- 🌐 **环境调整**:为了优化使用语言的交流,应减少背景噪音,选择声学效果好的房间,靠近交流对象,确保光源照向自己而非对方,站在对方偏好的一侧,清晰、大声地说话,并保持嘴唇可见。
- 🗣️ **语音交流**:对于有足够听力理解语言的视障听障人士,可以使用语音交流,并通过写下关键信息、使用音频回环和FM系统等辅助技术来提高交流效率。
- 🤝 **手语交流**:使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的手语(Auslan),对于视野受限的视障听障人士,需要在他们的视野范围内进行手语交流。
- 👀 **视觉追踪**:随着Usher综合征患者视力的减退,他们可能开始用手掌心覆盖在手语者的手腕上,以便追踪手语的方向并获取额外的触觉信息。
- ✋ **触觉手语**:对于听力和视力都不足以理解语言或手语的视障听障人士,可以使用触觉Auslan,通过将手放在交流伙伴的手上感受手语。
- 🖐 **近距离手语**:对于中心视野受限的Auslan使用者,手语交流应在近距离内进行,以确保他们能够看清楚手语。
- 💖 **社交触觉交流**:社交触觉交流是一种触觉交流方式,可以为视障听障人士提供关于房间布局、群体中人物的面部表情或进出房间等信息。
- 📝 **手指拼写**:视障听障手指拼写通常由那些晚年失去视力和听力的人使用,他们具有良好的文化素养,但视力和听力不足以听语言或看手语。
- 🖊️ **掌上打印**:对于没有手语知识的人来说,通过在接收者手掌上用食指画出大写字母,可以与视障听障人士进行交流。
- 📚 **大号字体**:对于晚年失去听力的视障听障人士,他们可能需要通过大号字体的笔记接收信息,电脑屏幕上的文字比打印文本更容易阅读,因为文本更一致。
- 👶 **早期交流技能支持**:对于出生时就视障听障或有额外的认知障碍、发展延迟的人,可以使用其他交流方法来有效互动,如日常活动、触觉提示、使用实物等。
- 🤗 **个性化交流**:重要的是要与视障听障人士确认,是否有任何可以支持交流的方法,并询问他们的交流偏好和需求。
Q & A
为什么需要为有聋盲症的人提供专门的沟通支持?
-聋盲症患者由于视觉和听觉损失的程度、年龄、发病时间以及可能伴随的其他残疾的广泛差异,构成了一个多样化的群体。他们共同的需求是专门的沟通支持,以帮助他们有效地与外界交流。
在视频中介绍的聋盲沟通方法主要侧重于哪些方面?
-视频主要介绍了在澳大利亚使用的最常见的面对面沟通选项,包括如何接近聋盲人士、环境和语言模式的调整,以及使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的手语(Auslan)的多种沟通技巧。
在与聋盲人士交流时,为什么需要减少背景噪音并确保良好的声学环境?
-减少背景噪音和确保良好的声学环境有助于提高聋盲人士对语音的辨识能力,尤其是对于那些还保有一定程度听力的人。良好的声学环境可以通过使用地毯、软垫家具和最小化硬表面来实现。
什么是shushitaj,它在聋盲沟通中如何使用?
-Shushitaj是一种复述说话者所说内容的方法,通常在演讲或大型团体会议中使用。这可以通过在听者耳边近距离复述,或者面向听者,让他们既能听到也能通过唇部动作理解所说内容来实现。
当使用Auslan(澳大利亚手语)进行沟通时,如果聋盲人士的视野受限,应该如何调整?
-对于视野受限的聋盲人士,手语翻译和沟通伙伴需要确定他们的视野范围,并将手语保持在这个范围内。如果手语超出了他们的视野,可能需要使用手指拼写或美国手语版本。
什么是触觉手语(Tactile Sign),它如何帮助聋盲人士?
-触觉手语是一种触觉沟通方式,适用于那些听力不足以听语音或视力不足以看手语的聋盲人士。使用者将自己的手放在沟通伙伴的手上,感受手语的移动,同时,面部表情作为Auslan的重要组成部分,沟通伙伴需要提供额外的信息,帮助使用触觉手语的人理解正在传达的内容。
社交触觉沟通(Social Haptic Communication)是如何帮助聋盲人士的?
-社交触觉沟通是一种触觉信息传递方式,可以告知聋盲人士房间布局、群体中人们的面部表情,或者告知他们已经进入或离开房间,甚至是艺术和音乐的特征。重要的是要检查聋盲人士是否喜欢使用触觉沟通,以及他们熟悉或偏好使用哪些触觉方式。
聋盲指拼(Deafblind Fingerspelling)通常由哪些人使用,它与聋人使用的双手字母表有何不同?
-聋盲指拼通常由那些在晚年失去视力和听力的人使用,他们具有良好的文化素养,但视力和听力不足以听语音或看手语。聋盲指拼与聋人使用的双手字母表非常相似,但每个字母都是在聋盲人士的手上形成的。
手掌上打印(Print on Palm)是一种什么样的沟通方式,它适用于哪些人?
-手掌上打印是一种通过在接收者手掌上用食指绘制大写字母来沟通的方式,适用于那些没有手语知识的人与聋盲人士沟通。接收信息的人需要具有良好的文化素养和手部感觉。这种方法可以用于晚年失去视力和听力的人。
对于晚期失去听力的聋盲人士,为什么大字体笔记对于他们来说很重要?
-对于晚期失去听力的聋盲人士来说,他们可能能够说话但无法听到,因此需要通过大字体笔记来接收信息。与其他聋盲沟通技巧一样,这需要大量的注意力并且非常疲劳。如果可以使用计算机,由于文本更加一致,会比打印文本更容易阅读。
对于出生时就有聋盲症或有额外认知障碍、发展迟缓的人,有哪些沟通策略可以帮助他们?
-对于这些人群,可以使用日常例程来帮助他们预测接下来会发生什么,使用触觉提示来引导和提供信息,使用实物来提供有用的信息,例如当该刷牙时给一个人递上牙刷。关键词标志可用于那些没有语言技能来理解更长信息的人。一些聋盲人士通过发声、身体动作、手势和面部表情来沟通,重要的是沟通伙伴要非常细心并接受他们独特的一系列沟通行为。
为什么与聋盲人士沟通时,了解他们的沟通偏好和需求如此重要?
-了解聋盲人士的沟通偏好和需求对于提供有效的沟通支持至关重要。通常,聋盲人士会使用多种沟通方法,具体使用哪种方法取决于上下文和沟通伙伴。始终与个体确认,看是否有任何可以支持沟通的事情,并询问他们的沟通偏好和需求,这有助于减少他们的孤立感,提供学习的重要机会,以及共同享受欢笑。
Outlines
😀 介绍聋盲沟通方法
本段介绍了聋盲沟通方法和策略的多样性,强调了聋盲人群在视觉和听力损失程度、年龄、其他残疾等方面的差异性。重点在于所有聋盲人都需要特殊的沟通支持。视频中将介绍在澳大利亚使用的最常见的面对面沟通方法。虽然没有统一的术语来描述不同的聋盲沟通方法,但重要的是要意识到视频中提到的名称可能在其他州或国家中并不通用。此外,还讨论了如何接近聋盲人,以及如何通过环境和语言模式的调整来优化使用语言的沟通。
📢 聋盲沟通技巧
本段详细讨论了使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的手语(Auslan)的多种聋盲沟通技巧。包括为视力受限的人士调整手语位置、追踪手语以帮助理解手语的方向和情感、触觉手语的使用,以及在听力和视力均不足以理解语言或看到手语时使用的触觉Auslan。此外,还介绍了社交触觉沟通,这是一种通过触觉向聋盲人传递信息的方式,如房间布局、面部表情、进出房间的提示,以及艺术和音乐的特征。还讨论了聋盲指拼,这是一种通常由晚年失去视力和听力的人使用的方法,他们通常具有良好的文化技能,但视力和听力不足以听语言或看手语。
🖋️ 聋盲沟通支持
本段讨论了支持聋盲人沟通的不同策略,特别是对于那些出生时就聋盲或有额外的认知障碍、发展迟缓、语言技能有限的人。提到了使用日常活动帮助他们预测接下来会发生什么、使用触觉提示来引导和提供信息、使用实物来提供有用的信息,例如递给一个人牙刷表示该刷牙了。还提到了关键词手语的使用,以及通过声音、身体动作、手势和面部表情进行沟通的重要性。强调了与聋盲人沟通时,观察和接受他们独特的沟通行为的重要性,并鼓励模仿他们的行为以示关注和兴趣。最后,强调了询问个人的沟通偏好和需求的重要性,并提供了进一步信息的联系方式。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡聋盲
💡沟通支持
💡面对面沟通
💡澳大利亚手语(Auslan)
💡触觉沟通
💡聋盲指语
💡手掌印刷
💡大字体打印
💡沟通策略
💡聋盲信息澳大利亚
💡沟通伙伴
Highlights
聋盲人群的多样性:由于视觉和听力损失的程度、年龄、发病起始时间以及其他残疾的存在,聋盲人群的多样性很大。
所有聋盲人共同的需求:需要专门的沟通支持。
视频中将介绍在澳大利亚使用的最常见的聋盲沟通方法、技术和策略。
面对面沟通选项:虽然有许多远程通信选项,但视频将专注于面对面的沟通方式。
沟通方法的术语标准化:不同沟通方法的术语没有统一标准,需要注意不同地区可能使用不同的名称。
接近聋盲人的方式:应从前方接近,挥手引起注意,说出名字,轻拍手臂以确认注意力。
环境和语言模式的调整:减少背景噪音,使用良好的声学房间,站在光线充足的地方,清晰发音,保持嘴唇可见。
Shushitaj技术:在演讲或大型团体会议中,将说话者的话逐字重复给听众。
音频循环和FM系统:将麦克风的声音直接传输到助听器或其他听力辅助设备。
使用澳大利亚聋人社区使用的Auslan手语:对于视野受限的聋盲人,需要在他们的视野范围内进行手语交流。
追踪技术:随着Usher综合征患者视力下降,他们可能会用手掌心覆盖手语者的手腕,以便追踪手语。
触觉Auslan:对于听力和视力不足的人来说,可以通过将手放在交流伙伴的手上来感受手语。
近距离手语:对于中心视力减退的Auslan用户,需要在近距离内进行手语交流。
社会触觉交流:通过触觉方式向聋盲人提供信息,如房间布局、群体中人们的面部表情或进出房间的提示。
聋盲指拼:通常由那些在晚年失去视力和听力的人使用,他们有良好的文化素养,但不足以听到语言或看到手语。
掌上打印:使用食指在接收者手掌上画出大写字母,是与不懂手语的聋盲人沟通的一种方式。
打印沟通:一些聋盲人能够说话但听不见,他们需要通过大号字体的笔记接收信息。
早期沟通技能的支持策略:对于出生时就聋盲或有额外认知障碍、发展迟缓、语言技能有限的人,可以使用其他沟通方法。
观察和响应:沟通伙伴需要非常细心并接受聋盲人独特的沟通行为范围。
多种沟通方法的使用:聋盲人通常会根据上下文和交流伙伴使用多种沟通方法。
沟通偏好和需求的确认:始终与个体确认,询问他们的沟通偏好和需求。
沟通伙伴的作用:熟练、训练有素、敏感和细心的沟通伙伴可以帮助减少孤立,提供学习机会,以及一起欢笑。
更多信息获取:如需进一步信息,请联系Deafblind Information Australia。
Transcripts
the title deafblind communication
methods and strategies appears on screen
the title introduction appears on screen
a young woman in a blacktop appears on
screen and begins to sign
the population of people with
deafblindness is diverse due to a wide
variation in degrees of vision and
hearing loss
age of onset of vision and hearing
impairment and in some instances the
presence of other disabilities
but one thing that all people with
deafblindness have in common is the need
for specialized communication support
in this video you will be introduced to
the most common deafblind communication
methods
techniques and strategies used in
australia
while there are many telecommunication
options available to people with
deafblindness now
this video will focus on face-to-face
communication options
there is no standard terminology for the
different deafblind communication
methods and
techniques so it is important to be
aware that the names given to the
different communication methods
described in this video
may not be the names used in other
states and other countries
we will start by looking at how to
approach a person with deafblindness
the title approaching a person with
deafblindness appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign a person with deafblindness is
approached on screen
you should approach from the front
wave to get the person's attention
say the person's name unless you know
they are deaf
tap the back for the person's arm if
you're not sure you have their attention
once you are sure you have their
attention let them know who you are
now we will look at modifications to the
environment
and speech and language patterns to
optimize communication using speech
the woman fades off screen and the title
speech appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign people in a meeting room appear
on screen
many people with deafblindness give and
receive information using speech
however it is important to be mindful
that just because someone has clear
speech
does not mean they can hear for those
people with sufficient hearing to hear
speech you can assist by ensuring that
you reduce
background noise communicate in a room
with good
acoustics one with carpet and soft
furnishings and minimal hard surfaces
stand close to the person
stand with the light source on your face
and not theirs
stand on their preferred side
speak clearly at a good volume
always keep your lips visible when you
are speaking
and write down key information
may also be used shushitaj is the
process of repeating
word for word what a speaker has said
and is used during presentations or
large group meetings
this may be done at close range to the
listener's ear
if they are not close enough to a
presenter to hear them directly
or it may be done facing the person so
they can both hear
and pick up the lip patterns of what is
being said at closer range
audio loop and fm systems may also be
used which directs sound from a
microphone
directly to a hearing aid or other
listening device
now we will look at a variety of
deafblind communication techniques which
use
auslan the sign language used by the
australian deaf community
the woman fades off the title visual
frame sign appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign and people signing appear on
screen
some people with deaf-blindness have a
restricted field of vision
and will only see signs within their
field of vision
interpreters and communication partners
of people with restricted fields of
vision
need to work out what their frame of
vision is and keep the signs within this
frame
signs outside of their visual field such
as dog
needs to be fingerspelled or the
american version may be used
the woman fades off screen and the title
tracking appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign people appear on screen
signing as a person with usher's
syndrome's vision deteriorates
they may start to place their palm over
the wrists of the person
signing to them in order to be able to
track where to look to see the signs
and give them extra tactile information
such as the force behind the signs
which helps to convey the emotions
behind the science
the woman fate off screen and the title
tactile sign appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign people signing appear on screen
people who do not have sufficient
hearing to hear speech or enough vision
to see sign language
may use tactile auslan
those who use tactile auslan place their
hands over the hand of their
communication partner to feel the signs
as facial expression is an important
part of auslan
communication partners need to give
extra information to help those using
tactile auslan understand what is being
said
for example a question mark needs to be
drawn so they know they are being asked
a question
and a smiley face or a sign for laughing
is used if someone is making a joke
the woman fades off screen and the title
close range sign appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign
others appear on screen signing
auslan users with reduced central vision
needs signing to be at close range
interpreters and communication partners
should check with the person what the
optimal distance is for them to be able
to see the
signs the woman fades off screen
and the title social haptic
communication appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign people using haptics appear on
screen
social haptic communication is a tactile
way of giving a person with
deaf-blindness information
for example the layout of a room facial
expressions of people in a group
or that you have entered or are leaving
a room as well as features of art and
music
it is important to check if the person
with deaf blindness likes to use haptics
and which haptics they are familiar with
or prefer using
the woman fades off screen and the title
deafblind fingerspelling appears on
screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign the deaf-blind manual alphabet
appears on screen
deafblind fingerspelling is typically
used by someone who loses vision and
hearing
later in life they will have good
literacy skills
but not enough vision and hearing to
hear speech or see sign
they may also be learning auslan but not
have proficient enough auslan to use
this functionally
deafblind fingerspelling is very similar
to the two-handed alphabet that deaf
people use
but each letter is produced onto the
hand of the person who is deafblind
the woman fades off screen and the title
print on palm appears on screen
the woman fades on screen and begins to
sign the english alphabet appears on
screen
using block capital letters drawn with
your index finger on a person's palm
can be a way for people with
deafblindness to communicate with people
who do not know sign language
messages are drawn onto the receiver's
palm
the person receiving the message needs
to have good literacy skills and good
sensation in their hands
this method can be used for older people
who have lost vision and hearing
later in life
the woman fades off screen and the title
print appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign people using speech
and print for communication appear on
screen
some people with deaf-blindness are able
to speak but are not able to hear as
they have lost hearing later in life
often these people with deafblindness
need to receive information through
large print notes
as with the other deafblind
communication techniques this involves a
lot of concentration and is very tiring
if a computer is available this is
easier to read than print as the text is
more consistent
some people like black print on white
screen but due to glare some people with
depth blindness prefer white to on a
black background
for people whose preferred method is
print it is important to book a
notetaker or stenographer
who will type out spoken information for
the person with deafblindness to read
a stenographer should be booked for
meetings forums and workshops
including online workshops and meetings
the woman fades off screen and the title
strategies to support early
communication skills appears on screen
the woman appears on screen and begins
to sign people using various
communication strategies appear on
screen
for people born with deaf-blindness or
those who have additional cognitive
disabilities or developmental delay
who have limited language skills other
communication methods can be used to
effectively engage and interact with
this group
routines are important to help people
anticipate what will be happening next
touch cues may also be used to prompt
and give information
real objects can be used to provide
useful information
for example passing a person a
toothbrush when it's time for them to go
and brush their teeth
keyword signs may be used if the person
does not have the language skills to
understand longer messages
some people with deafblindness
communicate through vocalizations
body movements gestures and facial
expression
it is important that communication
partners are very observant and
receptive to their unique
range of communicative behaviors it is
important that people born with
deafblindness feel
seen and heard by others for someone
with no formal language skills
imitating their behaviors is a good way
to let them know you have seen and heard
them
and are interested in them and what they
have to say
the woman fades off screen and the title
final points appears on screen
the one appears on screen and begins to
sign people using various deafline
communication methods appear on screen
it is important to note that typically
people with deafblindness will use a
variety of communication methods
and it will depend on the context and
the communication partner
as to what method they use always check
with the individual if there is anything
you can do to support communication
and ask what their communication
preferences and needs are
communication issues pose many
challenges for people with
deaf-blindness
however skilled trained sensitive
and observant communication partners can
help to reduce isolation
provide important opportunities for
learning and for just having a good
laugh together
we have touched very briefly on a
variety of communication methods and
strategies here
for further information please contact
deafblind information australia
the woman fades off screen and the title
deafblind information australia appears
on screen
with a web address reading www.deaf
dot a u
you
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