Tipe Fauna yang Ada di Indonesia - Fauna Asiatis | Peralihan | Australis - Garis Wallace dan Weber
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explores the diverse fauna in Indonesia, influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines, which divide the country's wildlife into three regions: Asiatic, transitional, and Australasian. The video delves into each region's unique species, including the Asiatic tigers and elephants of Sumatra, the transitional anoa and babirusa of Sulawesi, and the Australasian kangaroos and cassowaries of Papua. The video also highlights endangered species like the Sumatran tiger, orangutan, and Komodo dragon, emphasizing the importance of wildlife conservation efforts in Indonesia.
Takeaways
- đ Indonesia's fauna is influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines, which divide the animal species into Asiatic, transitional, and Australasian types.
- âïž The Wallace Line separates the flora and fauna of western and central Indonesia, running between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and between Bali and Lombok.
- đ§âđŹ The Weber Line divides the central and eastern regions of Indonesia, starting from the Maluku Islands and extending to the Sahul Shelf and eastern Nusa Tenggara.
- đ Asiatic fauna includes large mammals such as the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephants, and various primates like orangutans and siamang in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
- đŠ Notable bird species in Java include the Javan hawk-eagle, green peafowl, and endangered species like the Javan rhinoceros.
- đŠ Sulawesi's transitional fauna is home to unique species like the anoa, babirusa, maleo bird, and the black crested macaque.
- đŠ Nusa Tenggara's wildlife includes the Komodo dragon, the worldâs largest lizard, and other species like the Timor deer and Sumbawa horses.
- đŠ Australasian fauna, found in Papua and Maluku, includes colorful bird species like the cassowary, birds of paradise, and mammals like tree kangaroos and possums.
- 𩧠Many endemic species in Indonesia are endangered, such as the orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Komodo dragon, Javan rhinoceros, and anoa.
- đł Conservation efforts in Indonesia include establishing wildlife reserves, protected forests, and breeding programs to preserve endangered species.
Q & A
What are the three types of fauna found in Indonesia?
-The fauna in Indonesia is divided into three types: Asiatic fauna, transitional fauna, and Australasian fauna. This division is influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines.
What is the Wallace Line?
-The Wallace Line is an imaginary line that separates the flora and fauna of western Indonesia from central Indonesia. It starts from the northern tip of Kalimantan and Sulawesi and runs south through the Makassar Strait, passing between Bali and Lombok.
What is the Weber Line?
-The Weber Line is an imaginary line that separates the flora and fauna of central Indonesia from eastern Indonesia. It stretches from the northern tip of the Maluku Islands to the eastern part of the Sahul Shelf and the eastern side of East Nusa Tenggara.
Who were Wallace and Weber?
-Alfred Russel Wallace was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist known for developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Max Carl Wilhelm Weber was a German-Dutch zoologist and biotechnologist.
What are the characteristics of Asiatic fauna in Indonesia?
-Asiatic fauna in Indonesia are characterized by a high number of large mammals, few marsupials, many freshwater fish species, a variety of primates, and many songbirds. This fauna is found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan.
What are some examples of Asiatic fauna in Sumatra?
-Examples of Asiatic fauna in Sumatra include the Sumatran tiger, turtles, deer, Sumatran elephants, and birds like the Nias mynah. Primates such as the siamang, orangutans, and slow lorises also inhabit the island.
What animals are found in the transitional fauna region of Sulawesi?
-In Sulawesi, the transitional fauna includes the anoa, babirusa, tarsiers, black macaques, and birds like the maleo and the Sulawesi hornbill. Sulawesi also hosts marine species such as the dugong.
What distinguishes Australasian fauna from other fauna types?
-Australasian fauna typically includes smaller mammals, many marsupials, fewer freshwater fish species, and colorful bird species. It is primarily found in Papua, Maluku, and nearby regions.
What are some unique species found in Papua under the Australasian fauna?
-In Papua, unique species include birds like the cassowary, birds of paradise, and cockatoos, along with reptiles like the green python, and mammals like the wallaby and the cuscus.
How can we protect endangered fauna in Indonesia?
-To protect endangered fauna in Indonesia, steps can be taken like establishing wildlife reserves, creating protected forests, and developing breeding centers to help conserve species like the orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Komodo dragon, and Javan rhinoceros.
Outlines
đ Overview of Indonesian Fauna Regions and the Wallace and Weber Lines
This paragraph introduces the diverse fauna in Indonesia, influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines, which divide Indonesia's fauna into three main types: Asiatic, Transitional, and Australasian. It explains that the Wallace Line separates the fauna in the western and central parts of Indonesia, while the Weber Line separates fauna in the central and eastern regions. The paragraph also briefly introduces Alfred Russel Wallace and Max Carl Weber, two scientists whose work contributed to these ecological divisions.
đŠ Asiatic Fauna and Its Characteristics Across Indonesia
This paragraph details the characteristics of Asiatic fauna found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan. Asiatic fauna consists of large mammals, few marsupials, and freshwater fish species. The text provides examples of animals in Sumatra (Sumatran tiger, elephant, and various primates), Java (Javan eagle, panther, and the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros), Kalimantan (orangutans, tapirs, and the Mahakam dolphin), and Bali (Bali starling). Each region features distinct species, illustrating the diversity within the Asiatic category.
đż Transitional Fauna in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku
This paragraph focuses on the Transitional fauna found in Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku. These species share characteristics with both Asiatic and Australasian fauna. In Sulawesi, notable species include the anoa, babirusa, and the maleo bird, along with a variety of reptiles and colorful birds. Nusa Tenggara is home to the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard in the world, alongside other species like the Timor python and Sumbawa horse. Maluku features unique birds such as the Ambon king parrot and Halmahera's soa-soa lizard.
đŠ Australasian Fauna in Papua and Surrounding Islands
This paragraph explains the characteristics of Australasian fauna, which includes smaller mammals and many marsupials. Papua and its surrounding islands feature colorful birds such as the cassowary, bird-of-paradise, and cockatoos, as well as marsupials like the wallaby. Reptiles like the green python and unique mammals like the cuscus and opossum are also part of Papua's fauna. The paragraph emphasizes the distinctiveness of these species compared to the other two regions.
đš Endangered Species and Conservation Efforts in Indonesia
The paragraph highlights several endangered species in Indonesia, including the orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Komodo dragon, and Javan rhinoceros. It stresses the importance of conservation efforts, such as establishing wildlife sanctuaries, protected forests, and breeding programs, to preserve these species and maintain Indonesia's biodiversity.
đ Conclusion and Call to Action for Conservation
In the conclusion, viewers are reminded of the importance of Indonesiaâs fauna and the need to protect endangered species. The paragraph summarizes the topics covered, including the various types of fauna and the steps necessary to conserve them. Viewers are encouraged to like, comment, and subscribe to stay informed and help promote wildlife conservation in Indonesia.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄGaris Wallace
đĄGaris Weber
đĄFauna Asiatis
đĄFauna Peralihan
đĄFauna Australis
đĄEndemik
đĄSumatra
đĄKomodo
đĄCendrawasih
đĄPelestarian Fauna
Highlights
Introduction to the topic of fauna in Indonesia, influenced by the Wallace and Weber lines.
Explanation of the Wallace Line: A dividing line between flora and fauna in western and central Indonesia.
Explanation of the Weber Line: A dividing line between flora and fauna in central and eastern Indonesia.
Introduction of Alfred Russel Wallace: Naturalist, geographer, and co-founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Introduction of Max Carl Wilhelm Weber: A zoologist who studied fauna in Indonesia.
Description of Asiatic fauna, mainly found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan.
Asiatic fauna in Sumatra includes species such as the Sumatran tiger, orangutan, siamang, and various birds.
Asiatic fauna in Java includes the Javan hawk-eagle, Javan rhino, and various mammals like leopards and deer.
Asiatic fauna in Kalimantan includes the orangutan, bekantan, and the Mahakam river dolphin.
Description of transitional fauna, found in Sulawesi, Maluku, and Nusa Tenggara.
Unique fauna in Sulawesi includes the anoa (dwarf buffalo), babirusa, and the maleo bird.
In Nusa Tenggara, the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard in the world, is a significant fauna species.
Description of Australasian fauna, found in Papua and Maluku.
Unique fauna in Papua includes birds like the cassowary, bird-of-paradise, and the kangaroo.
Conservation efforts are critical for protecting endangered species like the orangutan, Komodo dragon, and Javan rhino.
Transcripts
Halo semuanya Kembali lagi bersama cawan
belajar online ya kali ini kita akan
membahas tipe fauna yang ada di
Indonesia lho sobat perlu diketahui
fauna di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh
garis Wallace dan garis Weber sehingga
jenis fauna terbagi menjadi 3 bagian
yaitu fauna asiatis peralihan dan
australis nah Apa itu garis Wallace dan
garis Weber garis wallace merupakan
Garis khayal yang membagi flora dan
fauna di wilayah barat dan tengah
Indonesia
garis ini bermula dari ujung utara
Kalimantan dan Sulawesi menuju ke
selatan melalui Selat Makassar dan
melewati Selat antara Bali dan Lombok
sedangkan garis weber merupakan garis
khayal yang membagi flora dan fauna di
wilayah tengah dan timur Indonesia
garis ini bermula dari ujung utara
kepulauan Maluku hingga Sisi barat
Paparan Sahul menuju Sisi Timur Nusa
Tenggara Timur
Nah sekarang siapa itu Wales dan Weber
berikut informasinya
[Musik]
merupakan naturalis sekaligus penjelajah
geografis antropolog biolog dan
ilustrator berkebangsaan Inggris beliau
jugalah yang Mencetuskan teori evolusi
lewat seleksi alam lo sobat
sedangkan Max film corn weber merupakan
seorang ilmuwan ahli ilmu hewan atau
zoologis dan bioteknologi berkebangsaan
Jerman Belanda
lalu sekarang kita akan membahas apa
saja fauna yang ada pada ketiga tipe
wilayah tersebut yang pertama fauna
asiatis
fauna asiatis memiliki ciri-ciri berupa
banyaknya hewan menyusui dengan tubuhnya
yang besar dan hampir tidak ada hewan
menyusui berkantong kebanyakan Spesies
ikan air tawar dan kera banyak spesies
burung berkicau dibandingkan burung
berwarna mencolok dan fauna asiatis
tersebar di wilayah Sumatera Jawa Bali
dan Kalimantan
Sekarang kita akan membahas apa saja
fauna asiatis yang ada di Sumatera di
Sumatera terdapat harimau Sumatera yang
merupakan spesies harimau terkecil di
dunia Lalu ada juga reptilia kura-kura
kancil gajah Sumatera Selain itu ada
juga beberapa jenis burung yaitu burung
beo Nias dan tortor Sumatera
ada pula beberapa jenis primata seperti
siamang kera gibon orang utan dan kukang
selanjutnya kita ke fauna asiatis di
pulau Jawa
di sini ada beberapa jenis burung
seperti burung Merah Jawa
Merak hijau Elang Jawa dan cekak Jawa
Selain itu ada pula luntur Jawa dan
gelatik Jawa
Selain itu ada pula mamalia seperti
macan kumbang
banteng dan macan tutul Lalu ada pula
kancil pelanduk
trenggiling dan kancil
Nah ada pula badak bercula satu yang
sudah hampir punah di Indonesia
Owa jawa dan reptil buaya
lalu Ayo kita ke pulau Kalimantan ya
sobat
di Kalimantan ini ada banteng
bekantan orang utan
tapir
lumba-lumba
pesut mahakam ikan arwana dan beruang
madu
Nah sekarang kita lanjut ke Pulau Bali
ya di sini ada burung jalak Bali yang
merupakan burung khas dari pulau Bali
Nah sekarang kita akan membahas fauna
peralihan fauna peralihan memiliki
ciri-ciri sebagai berikut isobat yang
pertama berupa jenis hewan endemis atau
hanya ada di Indonesia
lalu beberapa mirip dengan tipe Asia
atau Australia
dan fauna peralihan tersebar di Sulawesi
Maluku Nusa Tenggara serta pulau kecil
di sekitarnya
Sekarang kita akan ke pulau Sulawesi
di Sulawesi ada banteng terkecil sedunia
loh sobat yaitu anoa anoa ini hanya ada
di Indonesia loh
lalu di Sulawesi ada juga babi rusa dan
monyet Seba
Selain itu ada pula burung maleo yang
juga hanya ada di Indonesia
Lalu ada reptil kura-kura bunning
sulawesi dan monyet hitam
ada pula beberapa jenis burung seperti
gagak Sulawesi
rangkong yang merupakan kerabat dari
burung tukan Lalu ada juga Kang rakeng
tak sampai situ saja spesies burung
masih ada lagi yaitu kakak tua Sulawesi
atau yang sering disebut dengan kakak
tua jambul kuning burung raja udang dan
Nuri Sulawesi atau yang dikenal dengan
perkici Dora
di Sulawesi juga terdapat ikan duyung
tarsius dan ular piton
Sekarang kita akan ke Pulau Nusa
Tenggara
di Nusa Tenggara terdapat Komodo yang
merupakan kadal terbesar di dunia Lalu
ada juga ular sanca Timor
rusa Timor
kura-kura leher ular dan kuda Sumbawa
Selain itu ada pula Elang tikus cucok
Timur dan burung madu matahari
selanjutnya kita beralih ke fauna
Australis Berikut merupakan ciri-ciri
fauna Australis yaitu fauna Australis
berupa hewan menyusui berukuran kecil
banyak terdapat hewan menyusui
berkantung tidak banyak Spesies ikan air
tawar dan kera dan banyak spesies burung
berwarna dibandingkan burung berkicau
fauna Australis tersebar di Papua Maluku
dan sekitarnya
Nah sekarang Ayo kita ke kepulauan
Maluku
di kepulauan Maluku terdapat beberapa
jenis burung seperti nuri raja Ambon
cekakak pita biasa dan Bidadari
Halmahera ada pula reptilia yang bernama
Soa Soa
[Musik]
selanjutnya Ayo kita ke Pulau Papua ya
sobat
di Papua terdapat beberapa jenis unggas
berwarna-warni antara lain Kasuari
Robin salju burung cendrawasih
kakak tua raja
Nuri kabare dan perkici Biak Selain itu
ada Pulau walabi atau kanguru Papua
reptilia ular sanca hijau
kuskus
oposum landak Papua
dan buaya Irian
Nah tadi kita telah membahas apa saja
hewan-hewan yang termasuk fauna asiatis
peralihan dan australis
namun diantaranya ada banyak hewan
endemik yang terancam punah nih sobat
antara lain ada orang utan
tarsius harimau sumatera dan juga komodo
Selain itu ada juga badak bercula satu
Cendrawasih anoa dan burung maleo
Untuk itu kita harus menjaga kelestarian
fauna di Indonesia
Gimana caranya antara lain adalah
mendirikan suaka margasatwa sebagai
tempat melindungi hewan yang sudah
langka
lalu membuat hutan lindung dan membuat
penangkaran
nah selesai sudah video penjelasan pada
hari ini kita jadi tahu apa saja fauna
yang termasuk tipe asiatis peralihan dan
australis selain itu kita tahu Hewan apa
saja yang sudah hampir punah dan
bagaimana cara melestarikannya semoga
video ini dapat menambah pengetahuan
kita semua ya sobat Jangan lupa untuk
like komen dan subscribe Terima kasih
dan sampai jumpa di video berikutnya
[Musik]
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