[HISKORIA] SEJARAH & PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOLOGI KEPRIBADIAN (pt. 1)
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the history of psychology, starting with Wilhelm Wundt's establishment of the first psychology lab in 1879. It explores various theories like Freud's psychoanalysis, Adler's individual psychology, Jung's analytical psychology, and Horney's social psychology. The script also touches on object relations theory and interpersonal theory, emphasizing the impact of social interactions and early childhood experiences on personality development. Theories by neo-Freudians like Erikson, who proposed eight stages of human development, are also mentioned.
Takeaways
- 🎓 Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory in 1879, marking the beginning of modern psychology.
- 🧠 Wundt aimed to understand the structure of the mind through introspection and experimental methods.
- 🔍 Sigmund Freud introduced the psychodynamic approach, focusing on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
- 🏆 Despite being nominated 13 times, Freud never won a Nobel Prize but received a Goethe Award in 1930.
- 👥 Alfred Adler developed the theory of Individual Psychology, emphasizing social influences on human behavior.
- 📚 Carl Jung introduced Analytical Psychology, focusing on the interplay between the conscious and unconscious mind.
- 💡 Jung and Freud disagreed, with Freud focusing on sexual drives and Jung on societal values shaping behavior.
- 👩👦 Melanie Klein’s Object Relations Theory highlighted the significance of mother-child interactions in personality development.
- 🌍 Karen Horney developed the Social Psychoanalytic Theory, emphasizing cultural and social influences on personality.
- 🚶♂️ Erich Fromm proposed a Humanistic Psychoanalytic approach, addressing the conflict between freedom and belonging.
Q & A
Who is considered the founder of modern psychology?
-Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of modern psychology.
In what year did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first psychology laboratory?
-Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
What was the main purpose of Wundt's laboratory?
-The laboratory was built to apply experimental methods to natural science in order to answer philosophical questions more deeply and to understand the structure of the mind through introspection.
What is the main focus of psychoanalytic theory?
-Psychoanalytic theory focuses on treating mental disorders through understanding the unconscious mind.
Who is the proponent of psychoanalytic theory mentioned in the script?
-Sigmund Freud is the proponent of psychoanalytic theory mentioned in the script.
What is the main concept of Adler's Individual Psychology?
-Adler's Individual Psychology focuses on the individual being motivated by social forces and emphasizes human awareness in behavior formation.
What is the significance of birth order and family dynamics in Alfred Adler's theory?
-In Adler's theory, birth order and the number of siblings in a family play a significant role in shaping an individual's personality.
What is the core idea of Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology?
-Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology emphasizes the importance of wholeness for every individual, with a focus on both conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind.
What does the term 'object relations theory' refer to?
-Object relations theory focuses on the relationship between a mother and child, suggesting that the interaction between mother and infant plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the child.
Who is credited with the development of Object Relations theory?
-Melanie Klein is credited with the development of Object Relations theory.
What is the main focus of Horney's psychoanalytic social theory?
-Horney's psychoanalytic social theory is built on the assumption that social conditions and culture, particularly childhood experiences, are largely responsible for shaping our personality.
What is the main idea behind Fromm's theory of humanistic psychology?
-Fromm's theory of humanistic psychology posits that humans are separate from the natural world, leading to feelings of loneliness and isolation, which he terms 'basic anxiety'.
How does Erikson's theory of psychosocial development differ from Freud's?
-Erikson's theory of psychosocial development expands on Freud's by introducing eight stages of development and is also known as the father of psychosocial development.
Outlines
🎶 Introduction to Key Figures in Psychology
The video introduces the topic of psychology, aiming to explore key figures who have contributed to psychological theories. It begins by reflecting on how viewers often look within during videos but shifts focus to understanding the pioneers behind these self-reflective theories. The journey starts with Wilhelm Wundt, who founded the first psychological laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, marking the formal birth of psychology as a science.
🧠 Wilhelm Wundt and the Birth of Experimental Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab to apply experimental methods to the natural sciences and philosophical questions. His goal was to understand the structure of the mind through introspection, which examines an individual's conscious experiences. Wundt's work laid the foundation for future research on human personality and the many psychological approaches that followed.
💭 Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Approach
Sigmund Freud is introduced as the pioneer of the psychodynamic approach, emphasizing the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and internal conflicts between desires and societal demands. Freud's development of psychoanalysis, a technique aimed at treating mental disorders by delving into the unconscious, is highlighted. Despite never winning a Nobel Prize, Freud made significant contributions to psychology and is known for his persistence.
🧍♂️ Alfred Adler and Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler, who developed individual psychology, is presented as a key figure following Freud. Adler’s theory focuses on the importance of social motivations in human behavior, contrasting with Freud’s focus on unconscious drives. He introduced the concept of birth order affecting personality and emphasized conscious thought in shaping human behavior.
🌀 Carl Jung and Analytical Psychology
Carl Jung is introduced as a major contributor to analytical psychology. Initially a close associate of Freud, their relationship soured due to differing views on the foundations of human behavior. Jung believed in the importance of cultural norms and values, diverging from Freud's emphasis on sexual urges. His work focused on the balance between the conscious and unconscious mind and the importance of individuation.
👶 Melanie Klein and Object Relations Theory
Melanie Klein's development of object relations theory is explored. Her theory focuses on the early relationship between a mother and her child and its profound impact on the child’s development. Klein believed that the quality of early caregiving shapes a child's capacity for spontaneity and creativity. Her work was based on clinical observations, particularly of her own children.
🔍 Karen Horney and Social Psychoanalytic Theory
Karen Horney's social psychoanalytic theory is discussed, which highlights the role of social and cultural factors, especially childhood experiences, in shaping personality. Unlike Freud, Horney emphasized the importance of societal influences over unconscious drives in understanding human behavior. Her work offered a more socially oriented perspective within psychoanalytic thought.
🔗 Harry Stack Sullivan and Interpersonal Theory
Harry Stack Sullivan’s interpersonal theory is introduced, which focuses on the idea that human personality is shaped by social interactions. Sullivan argued that our relationships define us and play a central role in the development of the self. He believed that the quality of these interactions contributes significantly to one's psychological well-being.
💡 Erich Fromm and Humanistic Psychoanalysis
Erich Fromm is presented as a neo-Freudian who developed humanistic psychoanalysis. He believed that modern humanity's disconnection from the natural world has led to anxiety and alienation, a condition he termed 'basic anxiety.' Fromm’s theory centers on two primary human needs: the need for freedom and the need to belong.
🔄 Erik Erikson and Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is discussed as a post-Freudian contribution. In 1953, he published his theory of the eight stages of human development, which expanded on Freud’s ideas by focusing more on social interactions throughout the lifespan. Erikson is recognized as the father of psychosocial development theory.
📜 Conclusion: The Evolution of Psychological Theories
The video concludes with a reflection on the history of psychology and its prominent figures. Viewers are invited to comment on which theories they find most interesting or peculiar, emphasizing the diversity and evolution of psychological thought. The discussion of these various theories shows how psychology has developed through a range of perspectives on human behavior and mental processes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Wilhelm Wundt
💡Psychodynamic Approach
💡Sigmund Freud
💡Psychoanalysis
💡Alfred Adler
💡Individual Psychology
💡Carl Jung
💡Analytical Psychology
💡Object Relations Theory
💡Erik Erikson
Highlights
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, marking the birth of psychology as a science.
Wundt's laboratory aimed to apply experimental methods to natural science to delve deeper into philosophical problems.
Introspection, a deep examination of an individual's experiences, was a method Wundt used to understand the structure of the mind.
Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory in 1880, focusing on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
Freud's psychoanalysis aimed to cure mental disorders through exploring the unconscious mind.
Alfred Adler introduced the individual psychology approach in 1912, emphasizing social motivations and the individual's awareness in shaping behavior.
Adler's theory of individual psychology was a development from psychoanalysis, focusing on birth order and family dynamics.
Karen Horney proposed the concept of 'basic anxiety' and the importance of social and cultural conditions in personality development.
Horney's interpersonal theory suggested that personality is formed through social interactions.
Harry Stack Sullivan's theory emphasized the importance of early childhood experiences, particularly the mother-child relationship.
Sullivan's object relations theory highlighted the impact of caregiver-infant interactions on an infant's growth and development.
Abraham Maslow introduced the humanistic psychology approach, focusing on self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs.
Maslow's theory posited that humans have a need for freedom and belonging.
Neo-Freudians, like Erich Fromm, agreed with Freud on the importance of childhood experiences but placed less emphasis on sex and aggression.
Erik Erikson expanded Freud's theory with his eight stages of human development, known as psychosocial development.
Erikson's theory is recognized as a significant contribution to understanding human development across the lifespan.
The video invites viewers to comment on which theory they find most interesting or perhaps the most unusual.
The video concludes by thanking viewers and promising to meet again in the next video.
Transcripts
yang
[Musik]
berjudul hmm
[Musik]
Kelo saya Friends Selamat datang di hits
Korea
Pada kesempatan kali ini kita mau
bernostalgia dan kenalan sama
tokoh-tokoh yang berperan penting nih
dalam psikologi kalau Biasanya kita
nonton video sambil berkaca pada diri
sendiri tapi sekarang kita mau cari tahu
nih sebenarnya siapa sih para pencetus
teori yang kita gunakan untuk refleksi
diri
Let's cekidot
[Musik]
awal mula perkembangan ilmu psikologi
dipelopori oleh wilhelm wundt
Hai pada tahun 1879 ia membangun
laboratorium psikologi pertama di
Universitas lipstick Jerman dan Hal itu
merupakan tonggak berdirinya ilmu
psikologi
Hai tujuan dibangunnya laboratorium
tersebut adalah untuk menerapkan metode
eksperimental terhadap ilmu alam untuk
menjawab masalah filosofis lebih dalam
lagi ia ingin memahami struktur pikiran
melalui introspeksi
yaitu pemeriksaan mendalam mengenai
pengalaman kadar individu
berangkat dari unini banyak tokoh yang
tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian
terhadap manusia serta menggunakan
banyak pendekatan untuk memahami
kepribadian individu
pertama pendekatan psikodinamik atau
psikodinamika
psikodinamika merupakan teori yang
menjelaskan perilaku kepribadian dalam
arti dinamika energi yang tidak disadari
dalam diri seseorang
psikodinamis menekankan pada pikiran
alam bawah sadar pengalaman masa kecil
dan konflik antara keinginan dan
tuntutan
Hai Sigmund proyek merupakan tokoh
pertama yang mengemukakan pendekatan ini
pada tahun
1880 mengembangkan teori Tiko analitis
dan juga dikenal dengan istilah
floridean psikologi
psikoanalisis merupakan seperangkat
teori dan teknik terapi yang bertujuan
untuk mengobati gangguan mental melalui
kehidupan alam bawah sadar
frolic merupakan orang yang tabah karena
dari 13 kali masuk nominasi Nobel ia
tidak pernah berhasil mendapatkan
satupun penghargaan tersebut Ia hanya
pernah mendapatkan penghargaan Gotik
pada tahun
Hai pada tahun 1912 muncullah Alfred
Adler dengan individual cycle jadinya
Oh iya juga merupakan pendiri sekolah
individual cycle Ji cabang psikologi ini
merupakan perkembangan dari psikodinamik
yang menganggap bahwa manusia merupakan
makhluk individual yang termotivasi oleh
dorongan-dorongan sosial yang memang
sudah dibawa ketika lahir
berbeda dengan pendekatan fluid Teori
ini mengutamakan kesadaran manusia dalam
pembentukan perilaku
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Hai menariknya ada mengemukakan teori
berorder karakteristik loh yaitu
karakter manusia berdasarkan urutan
lahir dan jumlah saudara di dalam
keluarga
Young mengemukakan teori emoticon cycle
J
perkembangan teori ini diawali dari
diterbitkannya buku mengenai Analytical
cycle J pada tahun 1916
Analytical teknologi merupakan sebuah
teori pikiran yang menekankan pentingnya
keutuhan bagi setiap individu dengan
penekanan pada pentingnya alam sadar dan
alam bawah sadar
[Musik]
Hai pada awalnya hubungan Young dan
fluid seperti ayah dan anak namun
sayangnya mereka berselisih pendapat
mengenai dasar pembentuk perilaku
manusia vroid meyakini bahwa dorongan
seks merupakan dasar pembentuk perilaku
sementara Yum berpendapat bahwa nilai
atau norma merupakan hal yang berperan
pada akhir tahun
1920 hingga
1930 berkembanglah objek relations teori
yang dicetuskan oleh melanik lain ia
berfokus pada hubungan ibu dan anak
secara ibu dan bayi berinteraksi akan
berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan si bayi jika pengasuhan
cukup atau cukup baik maka anak dapat
mengembangkan dirinya yang sebenarnya
yaitu bagian bayi yang kreatif dan
spontan ternyata Teori ini merupakan
hasil analisis klin terhadap kedua
anaknya
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Hai hubungan antara klien dan horney
sangat menarik
Hai karena klien mengenal ISIS Dua Putri
hornay dan anak lain mellyta juga
dianalisis oleh hordei hornay
mengemukakan Taiko analitik sosial
teorinya
teori dibangun di atas asumsi bahwa
kondisi sosial dan budaya terutama
pengalaman masa kanak-kanak
sebagian besar bertanggung jawab untuk
membentuk kepribadian
kita liven mengemukakan teori
interpersonal
Ia menjelaskan bahwa manusia merupakan
produk dari interaksi interaksi sosial
dengan siapa kita berinteraksi akan
turut membentuk diri kita
from Mencetuskan teori humanistik cycle
analysis
Oh iya berasumsi bahwa keterpisahan
manusia dari dunia alami telah
menghasilkan perasaan kesepian dan
keterasingan
Suatu kondisi yang disebut kecemasan
Dasar atau basic anxiety
Hai ia mengemukakan teori kepribadian
berdasarkan dua kebutuhan utama
kebutuhan akan kebebasan dan kebutuhan
untuk memiliki
[Musik]
Hai from merupakan neo-freudian
yaitu umumnya setuju dengan pandangan
vroid bahwa pengalaman masa kanak-kanak
itu penting tetapi mereka mengurangi
penekanannya failstacks dan seksualitas
[Musik]
Ericsson Mencetuskan Pos floridean
Hai Pada tahun
1953 ia pertama kali menerbitkan teori
delapan tahap perkembangan manusia dalam
bukunya
Teori ini merupakan perluasan dari teori
vroid Ia juga dikenal sebagai bapak
perkembangan psikososial
Nah itu dia sejarah singkat ntar
epicology menarik banget kan boleh nih
kalian tulis dikomentar Menurut kalian
teori mana sih yang paling menarik atau
mungkin yang paling aneh
Thanks for watching this video dan
sampai bertemu di video selanjutnya
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