5 Kohlberg's theory of gender development
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses Kohlberg's cognitive theory of gender development, emphasizing children's active role in shaping their gender identity through three stages. First, in the gender labeling stage (ages 2-3), children can label themselves and others based on external features, but do not grasp that gender is fixed. Second, in the gender stability stage (ages 3-5), they understand that gender remains stable over time but may think it changes based on activities or appearances. Finally, in the gender consistency stage (ages 6-7), children realize gender is constant across time and situations, influencing their behavior accordingly.
Takeaways
- đ§ Cognitive explanations focus on how children actively structure their understanding of gender.
- đŠ Kohlbergâs theory suggests that gender development occurs in three stages over time.
- đ¶ Stage 1: Gender Labeling (ages 2-3) - Children can label their own gender and others based on external features but do not understand that gender is fixed.
- đ Children in the Gender Labeling stage may change their gender label based on superficial features like hair length or clothing.
- đ§ Stage 2: Gender Stability (ages 3-5) - Children understand that gender is stable over time (e.g., boys become men, girls become women), but they may still think gender can change in certain situations.
- đ§ At the Gender Stability stage, children might believe that engaging in activities of the opposite gender can change their gender.
- đš Stage 3: Gender Consistency/Constancy (ages 6-7) - Children realize that gender is constant across both time and situations.
- đ Gender Constancy involves understanding that gender remains the same even if external appearances or behaviors change.
- đŻ Once children achieve gender constancy, they begin to adopt gender-appropriate behaviors more strongly.
- đ Cognitive theories emphasize that children actively engage in exploring and understanding gender, not just passively observing behaviors.
Q & A
What is the focus of cognitive explanations of gender development?
-Cognitive explanations focus on how children actively structure their own experiences and understanding of gender, rather than passively observing behaviors.
What is Kohlberg's theory of gender development?
-Kohlberg's theory suggests that children's understanding of gender develops over time through exploration of the world and occurs in three stages: gender labeling, gender stability, and gender consistency.
At what age does the gender labeling stage occur and what happens during this stage?
-The gender labeling stage occurs between 2 to 3 years old. During this stage, children are able to label their own sex and the opposite sex based on external features like clothing and hair length. However, they don't yet understand that gender is fixed.
What characterizes the gender stability stage and at what age does it happen?
-The gender stability stage occurs between 3 to 5 years old. Children in this stage understand that gender is stable over time, meaning boys grow into men and girls into women. However, they might still think gender could change if external features or activities change.
How does a childâs understanding of gender change during the gender consistency stage?
-In the gender consistency stage, which occurs around 6 to 7 years old, children understand that gender remains the same across time and situations. They realize that external changes (like clothing or activities) do not change a person's gender.
What is the difference between the gender stability and gender consistency stages?
-In the gender stability stage, children understand that gender is stable over time but may think it can change based on situations or behaviors. In the gender consistency stage, they realize that gender is constant across both time and situations.
Why do children in the gender labeling stage sometimes change their gender labels based on external features?
-Children in the gender labeling stage (2 to 3 years old) base their understanding of gender on external features like clothing or hair length. Since they donât yet grasp that gender is fixed, they may change their gender labels if those external features change.
What example was given to explain a child's understanding in the gender stability stage?
-An example is a 4-year-old girl who says, 'When I grow up, I'll be like my mummy.' She realizes that her gender will remain stable over time but might not yet understand that it is constant across different situations.
What does it mean when children achieve gender constancy?
-Achieving gender constancy means that children understand that their gender will not change across time and situations. They also start learning and valuing gender-appropriate behaviors because they know their gender is constant.
How does Kohlberg's theory suggest children develop gender-appropriate behavior?
-According to Kohlberg's theory, children start learning gender-appropriate behavior after reaching the gender consistency stage (6 to 7 years old), when they understand that their gender will not change, leading them to adopt behaviors they associate with their gender.
Outlines
đ§ Introduction to Kohlberg's Theory of Gender Development
This paragraph introduces Kohlberg's cognitive explanation of gender development, emphasizing that children actively structure their gender identity through their experiences. Unlike the social learning theory, which views children as passive observers, Kohlberg's theory suggests a more active role. It also outlines the three stages of gender development: gender labeling (ages 2-3), gender stability (ages 3-5), and gender constancy (ages 6-7).
đ Gender Labeling Stage (Ages 2-3)
In this stage, children can identify their own sex and the opposite sex, using external features like clothing and hair length as indicators. However, they do not understand that gender is fixed over time, and may change labels if these external features change. An example is given of Allison, who at age two can identify herself as a girl based on her clothing preferences, such as dresses, and identifies boys by short hair.
đ Gender Stability Stage (Ages 3-5)
During the gender stability stage, children start to understand that gender is stable over timeâfor example, that boys will grow up to be men and girls will grow up to be women. However, they do not yet grasp that gender remains consistent across different situations. They might think that gender could change if someone engages in activities associated with the opposite sex, such as a girl with short hair being perceived as a boy. An example is given of a four-year-old girl who realizes she will grow up to be a woman.
đ Gender Consistency Stage (Ages 6-7)
At the gender consistency stage, children understand that gender remains constant across both time and situations. They acquire what is called 'gender constancy,' and start to learn gender-appropriate behaviors, as they now understand their gender will not change. This stage emphasizes the importance of gender constancy in determining appropriate behaviors for each gender. The paragraph concludes by prompting the viewer to be able to explain cognitive gender theories and the three stages of gender development, along with examples of what children can and cannot do at each stage.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄCognitive explanations
đĄKohlberg's theory
đĄGender labeling
đĄGender stability
đĄGender consistency
đĄGender constancy
đĄActive structuring
đĄSocial learning theory
đĄExternal features
đĄGender-appropriate behavior
Highlights
Introduction to cognitive explanations of gender development, focusing on Kohlberg's theory.
Cognitive explanations suggest children actively structure their own experiences rather than passively observing behavior.
Kohlberg proposed that gender development occurs in three stages: gender labeling, gender stability, and gender consistency/constancy.
Stage 1: Gender Labeling (2-3 years) â Children are able to label their own and others' gender based on external features but do not understand that gender is fixed.
Example of gender labeling â A child may label a girl based on her dress or hair length but doesn't realize that gender remains constant.
Stage 2: Gender Stability (3-5 years) â Children understand that gender is stable over time (boys become men, girls become women), but they don't yet grasp that it remains consistent across situations.
Example of gender stability â A girl understands she will grow up to be a woman but may still think a boy can turn into a girl if he engages in 'female' activities.
Stage 3: Gender Consistency/Constancy (6-7 years) â Children recognize that gender is consistent across both time and situations, and they begin to internalize gender-appropriate behaviors.
Example of gender consistency â A child now realizes that a boy who dresses like a girl or performs feminine activities is still a boy.
Kohlberg's theory emphasizes that gender identity is actively constructed through exploration and interaction with the world.
Key distinction from social learning theory â Unlike the passive view of social learning theory, Kohlberg's cognitive theory presents children as active participants in their gender development.
Gender constancy is the final stage where children understand that gender will not change regardless of external appearances or actions.
Gender constancy stage marks a critical shift towards understanding gender-appropriate behaviors, leading children to adopt roles based on their gender identity.
Gender stability and consistency stages mark an important developmental milestone where children start comprehending the long-term and situational aspects of gender.
Children develop gender constancy around 6-7 years, learning that their gender identity is stable and unchangeable across different contexts.
Transcripts
so during the screencast we're going to
look at one of the cognitive
explanations of gender developments and
that is Kohlberg's theory
so by cognitive explanations what do we
mean so we look at how children see and
thinking of gender develops gender
identity results from children actively
structuring their own experiences so
they're not just passive and kind of
looker honors of behaviors and as I've
said they're social learning theory
would suggest that we are more passive
cognitive explanations have that more an
active element so Kohlberg's theory and
Kohlberg proposed that child's
development of gender develop develops
over time and it's through exploration
with the world and he said that this
develops in three stages the first stage
is gender labeling stage and that's at
two to three years old the second stage
is gender stability step stage and this
is at three to five years old and the
third and final stage is gender
consistency or gender constancy those
two words mean the same thing and that
is about six to seven years old so let's
have a look at those stages in a little
bit more detail so gender labeling as I
said two to three years old they are
able to label their own sex and also the
opposite sex and they're able to judge
other sex on external features so they
might look at what they're wearing they
might look at their hair length and they
don't understand that gender is fixed so
they don't realize that boys become men
and they might change the label if the
external feature changes so you've got
the picture on the right-hand side here
so it says allison is two years old she
knows she is a girl and she likes
dressing up with fairy outfits she likes
wearing dresses and is able to identify
a boy by his shorts hair so she likes to
wear dresses because she understands a
little able of females works with that
external feature of dresses so the
second stage is the gender stability
stage look a bit older now so three to
five years and the children realize that
gender is stable over time so they do
realize that boys will become men and
girls will become women however they
don't yet realize that gender is
consistent across all situations so what
I mean by this is they might think that
males would change into females if they
engage
female activities so for example if a if
a girl is wearing a girl has short hair
for example and they might think that
that girl has changed into a boy and you
can see the picture on the right hand
side at the bottom so by the age of four
and the girl realizes that when she
grows up she'll be a lady when I grow up
I'll be like my mummy who she says so
she's realizing that gender is stable
over time but they haven't got that
consistency across situations yet so
gender consistency or gender constancy
stage and this is a little bit older so
six to seven years they realized that
gender is constant across time and
situations you'll remember back to the
stability stage that was just gender as
constant over time this is also related
to situations so they have now acquired
what we call gender constancy this is
when they learn a gender appropriate
behavior and gender appropriate behavior
becomes more important as they know that
their gender will not change so without
looking at this video or your pre
reading make sure that you can explain
what is meant by a cognitive theory of
gendered developments explain what
occurs at each of the three stages and
give an example of something which the
child can and cannot do at each stage
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