What is a Research Paradigm? | Proofed

Summary

In this video, Jack from Proofed explains the concept of a research paradigm, which is a philosophical framework for conducting research. He breaks down the components: ontology (what is reality), epistemology (how can we know reality), and methodology (how to discover reality). Understanding these is crucial for selecting the right research methods and improving the quality of research. Examples include positivism (single, measurable reality), constructivism (multiple realities), and pragmatism (reality as interpreted through changing situations).

Takeaways

• 🧠 **Research Paradigm Defined**: A research paradigm is a philosophical framework consisting of ontology, epistemology, and research methodology.
• 🌐 **Ontology**: It deals with the nature of reality and asks questions like 'What is reality?' in the context of the research.
• 🎓 **Epistemology**: It focuses on how we can know reality, such as 'How can we know if God exists?'
• 🔍 **Research Methodology**: It's about how to discover reality or answer questions, outlining how research is conducted.
• 🏛️ **Philosophical Foundation**: The combination of ontology and epistemology forms the research philosophy, which is crucial for selecting the right methodology.
• 📈 **Importance of Paradigms**: Research paradigms are important as they provide a philosophical basis for a research project and enhance its quality.
• 🔑 **Method Selection**: Once a research philosophy is determined, it guides the selection of the appropriate research methodology.
• 📊 **Positivism**: A paradigm where there is a singular reality that can be measured and understood, often using quantitative methods.
• 🌈 **Constructivism**: This paradigm believes in multiple realities and uses qualitative methods like interviews to explore different perspectives.
• 🛠️ **Pragmatism**: Pragmatists adapt their philosophy based on the research question, often combining positivism and constructivism for effective research.
• 🔑 **Adaptability**: Pragmatists believe that the best research methods are those that answer the research question most effectively.

Q & A

What is a research paradigm?

A research paradigm is a philosophical framework on which research is based. It encompasses ontology, epistemology, and research methodology, guiding how research is conducted.

What are the three components of a research paradigm?

The three components are ontology, epistemology, and research methodology. Ontology addresses the nature of reality, epistemology focuses on how knowledge about reality can be obtained, and research methodology outlines how the research will be conducted.

What is the significance of ontology in research?

Ontology explores the question of reality, helping researchers determine whether there is a definitive reality or if multiple realities exist within the context of their research topic.

Can you provide an example of an ontological question?

An example of an ontological question is: 'Does God exist?' This question assumes only two possible answers: yes or no, reflecting an inquiry into the nature of reality.

How is epistemology different from ontology?

Epistemology deals with how we come to know reality, while ontology focuses on the nature of reality itself. Epistemology asks questions like 'How is it possible to know whether God exists?' to understand how knowledge can be obtained.

Why are research paradigms important?

Research paradigms provide the philosophical foundation for a research project. They help guide the selection of an appropriate research methodology and improve the overall quality and rigor of the research.

What is positivism as a research paradigm?

Positivism is a research paradigm that assumes there is a single reality that can be measured and understood. It often involves forming hypotheses and using quantitative methods, like statistical analysis, to prove or disprove them.

How do constructivists view reality in research?

Constructivists believe there is no single reality or truth. They argue that there are multiple realities, and use qualitative research methods, such as interviews or case studies, to explore these different perspectives.

What distinguishes pragmatism from other research paradigms?

Pragmatism is flexible and focuses on the research question itself. Pragmatists believe that reality is constantly interpreted and negotiated, often combining positivism and constructivism in their research to find the best methods to answer the research question.

How does the choice of research paradigm affect the research methodology?

The chosen research paradigm influences the research methodology by determining whether a researcher should use quantitative or qualitative methods, or a combination of both. The paradigm aligns the methodology with the philosophical view of reality and knowledge.