Paradigma Penelitian Kuantitatif vs Kualitatif: Panduan Lengkap & Perbedaan Mendasar

Summary

This video script explores the concept of research paradigms in social sciences, outlining three key paradigms: Classical, Constructivist, and Critical. It explains how each paradigm shapes the way research is conducted, with Classical focusing on cause-and-effect relationships, Constructivist emphasizing subjective social realities, and Critical aiming to reveal underlying power structures. The script also touches on ontological and epistemological assumptions, the role of ethics in research (axiology), and the differing methodologies associated with each paradigm. It serves as an introduction to understanding how researchers approach social science investigations from varied perspectives.

Takeaways

• 😀 Paradigms in social science research guide how researchers view and interpret the world, impacting methodology and data interpretation.
• 😀 A **paradigm** is a set of beliefs that define how researchers view reality and conduct research, influencing every aspect of the research process.
• 😀 The **classical paradigm** sees social sciences like natural sciences, emphasizing empirical observation and probabilistic predictions of social patterns.
• 😀 **Constructivism** views social reality as subjective and constructed by individuals based on their experiences and social context.
• 😀 **Critical theory** focuses on revealing hidden social structures and power dynamics, aiming to transform society by uncovering false needs.
• 😀 **Ontology** is the study of assumptions about the nature of reality, while **epistemology** explores how researchers interact with the object of study.
• 😀 **Methodology** involves the techniques and procedures used to acquire knowledge in research, shaped by the paradigm's underlying assumptions.
• 😀 **Axiology** concerns ethics and moral judgments, with different paradigms offering varying perspectives on the role of values in research.
• 😀 In **positivism**, reality is objective and measurable, while **constructivism** sees reality as subjective, shaped by individual experiences.
• 😀 The **critical theory paradigm** critiques societal structures, aiming to promote social change by addressing the root causes of inequalities and false needs.
• 😀 Each research paradigm is associated with specific theories: **positivism** links to theories like liberal political economy, while **constructivism** connects to cultural sociology and **critical theory** relates to political economy and media studies.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'paradigm' as described in the script?

Paradigm is defined as a set of beliefs that deal with the ultimate first principles, a world view that defines and shapes the nature of the world. It represents the perspective a researcher has while conducting research.

What are the three paradigms in social science research mentioned in the transcript?

The three paradigms are: Classical paradigm, Constructivist paradigm, and Critical theory paradigm.

What is the main characteristic of the classical paradigm in social science research?

The classical paradigm views social science like natural sciences, using a methodical, empirical approach to understand cause-and-effect relationships, which can predict patterns of social phenomena.

How does the constructivist paradigm view social science research?

The constructivist paradigm sees social science as a systematic analysis of socially meaningful actions through direct observation, focusing on understanding how social actors create and maintain their social world.

What is the role of critical theory in social science research according to the script?

Critical theory seeks to uncover the real structures behind illusions or false needs, aiming to help raise social consciousness and improve or change human living conditions.

What is the difference between ontology and epistemology in the context of research paradigms?

Ontology deals with assumptions about the nature of reality, while epistemology concerns the relationship between the researcher and the subject being studied, and how knowledge about the subject is acquired.

What does 'axiology' refer to in the context of research paradigms?

Axiology refers to the ethical and moral choices made by researchers during their studies. It includes value judgments and how these influence the research process.

How does the positivist paradigm approach the relationship between the researcher and the subject of study?

In the positivist paradigm, the researcher maintains a distance from the subject being studied, focusing on objective and empirical data collection.

What is the key difference between realism and relativism as described in the transcript?

Realism views reality as something external and governed by universal laws, whereas relativism suggests that reality is subjective and shaped by individual perspectives and experiences.

What is the primary objective of research in the critical paradigm?

The critical paradigm aims to critique and challenge existing societal structures, seeking to reveal hidden social, cultural, and political influences to foster social change.