Pengertian dan Landasan Pendidikan Bag. 2 (Landasan Filosofis, Sosiologis, Kultural & Psikologis)

Summary

The transcript discusses the foundations of education, emphasizing four main pillars: philosophical, sociological, cultural, and schoology. It delves into philosophical underpinnings like essentialism and perennialism, highlighting their views on curriculum, teacher roles, and learning processes. The script also touches on the importance of family in education, societal responsibilities, and the cultural significance of education. It advocates for a balanced approach to education that fosters individual growth, cultural appreciation, and national unity.

Takeaways

• 📚 The foundation of education is based on four main pillars: philosophical, sociological, cultural, and schoology.
• 🔍 Philosophical foundations of education include essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, and reconstructionism.
• 🏫 Essentialism in education focuses on core curriculum, teacher authority, and planned learning materials.
• 🌟 Perennialism emphasizes the eternal and unchanging aspects of education, such as universal truths and human nature.
• 🌱 Progressivism in education encourages natural and free development of children, with teachers acting as guides and researchers.
• 🌐 Cultural foundation views education as intrinsically linked to culture and society, emphasizing the importance of family and community.
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Sociological foundation highlights the role of family in socialization and personal development, and the systemic nature of education.
• 🌱 Cultural education emphasizes the development of democratic values and the avoidance of authoritarianism.
• 🌐 The educational system should balance the preservation and development of culture and society.
• 🧠 Psychological foundation recognizes individual differences in students, such as talents, abilities, interests, and learning pace.

Q & A

What are the four foundations of education mentioned in the script?

The four foundations of education mentioned are philosophical, sociological, cultural, and schoology.

What are the four subcategories of philosophical foundations of education?

The philosophical foundations of education are divided into essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, and reconstructionism.

How does essentialism approach curriculum development?

Essentialism approaches curriculum development by distinguishing what is important from what is not, focusing on the essentials.

What is the role of the teacher according to essentialism?

In essentialism, the teacher is central to the educational process, responsible for guiding the learning process and ensuring the delivery of planned curricula.

What does perennialism emphasize in education?

Perennialism emphasizes the eternal and unchanging aspects of education, focusing on the timeless nature of human learning and the pursuit of universal truths.

How does progressivism view the role of the teacher?

Progressivism views the teacher not just as an instructor but also as a researcher and guide, allowing students to develop naturally and encouraging problem-solving over passive learning.

What is the main idea behind reconstructionism in education?

Reconstructionism focuses on learning that is relevant to the present and future, emphasizing the development of a democratic society and problem-solving skills.

How does the script define the role of family in education?

The script defines the family as the primary social institution for socialization and personal development, emphasizing its importance in shaping an individual's values, beliefs, and cultural understanding.

What is the cultural foundation's view on the relationship between education and culture?

The cultural foundation views education as intrinsically linked to culture, with education both reflecting and shaping cultural values and practices.

What are the key points that the script suggests should be understood about the cultural foundation of education?

The key points include the importance of freedom, balance in physical and spiritual growth, cultural development, independence, human values, family-oriented education, and national identity.

How does the script describe the psychological foundation of education?

The psychological foundation of education is described as understanding individual differences in abilities, interests, and learning styles, with the need for standardized education to ensure a minimum level of capability while accommodating individual potential.