Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran | Landasan Kurikulum

Summary

This video delves into the essential foundations of curriculum development, highlighting five key areas: philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, and learning theory. It explains how philosophical principles such as perennialism, essentialism, and progressivism shape educational goals. The historical context discusses how education evolved from family-based systems to formal institutions. Sociological factors focus on cultural values and societal needs, while the psychological foundation emphasizes the developmental and motivational aspects of learners. Finally, learning theories like behaviorism, cognitivism, and humanism guide how curricula are structured to foster student growth and success.

Takeaways

• 😀 The development of a curriculum is based on several foundations, including philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, and learning theories.
• 😀 Philosophical foundations are crucial for developing a curriculum, as they explore the nature of humanity and its purpose in life.
• 😀 There are four main philosophical foundations: perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and reconstructivism, each with its own approach to education and curriculum development.
• 😀 Historical foundations are important to understand the evolution of education, from ancient to modern times, and how educational practices have adapted to societal needs.
• 😀 The historical development of education highlights the transition from families and communities being responsible for education to formal schooling systems.
• 😀 Sociological foundations focus on the relationship between education, society, and culture. It emphasizes the integration of cultural values in curriculum development.
• 😀 Sociological analysis considers both universal values, such as discipline, and local values, which vary across regions and cultures.
• 😀 Psychological foundations explore the mental and emotional development of learners, which is key to designing effective learning experiences.
• 😀 Understanding learner motivation, intelligence, and psychological development is essential for creating a curriculum that fosters growth and engagement.
• 😀 Learning theories, such as behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism, offer different approaches to how individuals learn and should be incorporated into curriculum development.

Q & A

What are the five foundational bases for curriculum development mentioned in the script?

The five foundational bases for curriculum development are philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, and learning theories.

Why is the philosophical foundation important in curriculum development?

The philosophical foundation is important because philosophy provides a deep understanding of human nature and the purpose of human life, which is essential for aligning educational goals with human needs.

What are the four types of philosophical foundations discussed in the script?

The four types of philosophical foundations are perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and reconstructionism.

How does progressivism influence curriculum development?

Progressivism influences curriculum development by adapting to changes over time and focusing on preparing students for future challenges by considering the evolving needs of society.

What historical factors are considered when developing a curriculum?

Historical factors considered include the evolution of education from the past, the role of parents in early education, and the transition to formal education systems, along with significant educational milestones in Indonesia's history.

How does sociology impact curriculum development?

Sociology impacts curriculum development by examining how cultural values, societal norms, and the needs of different communities influence educational practices and the skills students need for future success.

What are the key considerations in the sociological foundation of curriculum development?

Key considerations include understanding universal cultural values, regional cultural values, and how education integrates character-building to prepare students for future challenges.

Why is psychological understanding critical in curriculum development?

Psychological understanding is critical because it helps in recognizing the developmental stages, motivations, intelligence, and interests of learners, which are essential for creating an effective curriculum that meets their needs.

What psychological theories are referenced in the script as foundational to curriculum development?

The psychological theories referenced are those of Maslow, Freud, and other similar psychological frameworks that emphasize understanding the learner's development and mental processes.

What are the main learning theories discussed in the script, and how do they relate to curriculum development?

The main learning theories discussed are behaviorism, cognitivism, and humanism. Behaviorism focuses on observable changes in behavior, cognitivism on understanding internal mental processes and knowledge acquisition, and humanism emphasizes the development of human dignity and personal growth through education.