Toyota 1UZFE - What makes it GREAT? ICONIC ENGINES #8
Summary
TLDRIn this episode of Iconic Engines, the 1UZ-FE V8 engine is explored, highlighting its debut in the Lexus LS400. The engine's development under Project F1, led by Toyota's chairman, is detailed, emphasizing its pursuit of luxury to rival European and American brands. The 1UZ-FE's evolution, including its use in aviation and marine applications, and its adaptability for performance tuning and swapping in various vehicles, is discussed. The video also covers engine specifications, potential modifications, and the challenges and rewards of forced induction, making it a popular choice among car enthusiasts.
Takeaways
- 🏎️ The 1UZ-FE is a V8 engine known for its aluminum quad-cam design and was first introduced in the Lexus LS400 in 1989.
- 🔧 The engine was developed as part of Toyota's Project F1, which aimed to create a luxury sedan to rival European and American brands.
- 💡 The 1UZ-FE is praised for its reliability, with some LS400s reaching over 400,000 miles with regular maintenance.
- ✈️ Uniquely, the 1UZ-FE received FAA approval for use in airplanes, marketed as the FV 2400 TC.
- 🚤 It was also used in marine applications and even in ambulances, showcasing its versatility.
- 🏁 Despite not being a great success in racing, the 1UZ-FE has become popular for swaps in lighter and more nimble cars by enthusiasts.
- 🔩 The engine features an over-square design with a 90-degree V-angle, forged steel crankshaft, and hyper-eutectic aluminum pistons.
- 📈 Post-1997 models of the 1UZ-FE received variable valve timing (VVT-i) and saw slight increases in power output.
- 🛠 For performance tuning, the script suggests starting with a standalone ECU, then moving to exhaust and intake modifications.
- 💨 Forced induction, such as turbocharging or supercharging, is a popular modification path for the 1UZ-FE, with potential power increases up to 500+ horsepower.
Q & A
What is the 1UZ-FE engine?
-The 1UZ-FE is a V8 engine produced by Toyota, known for its aluminum quad-cam design and 32-valve configuration. It debuted in 1989 in the Lexus LS400.
What does the 'F' in 1UZ-FE stand for?
-The 'F' in 1UZ-FE stands for 'economy-oriented' cylinder heads in Toyota engine codes, as opposed to 'G' which stands for performance-oriented cylinder heads.
What was Project F1 and how does it relate to the 1UZ-FE engine?
-Project F1 was a secret Toyota project initiated in 1983 with the goal of creating a luxury sedan to rival American and European brands. The 1UZ-FE engine was developed as part of this project.
How much did Toyota invest in Project F1?
-Toyota invested more than 1 billion dollars in Project F1 to develop the LS 400 and the 1UZ-FE engine.
What was unique about the development of the 1UZ-FE engine?
-The development of the 1UZ-FE engine was unique due to its extensive testing, with development teams driving LS 400 prototypes over 2.7 million kilometers in various conditions.
Why is the 1UZ-FE engine considered reliable?
-The 1UZ-FE engine is considered reliable due to its thorough development process, extensive testing, and high-quality engineering standards set during Project F1.
What is special about the 1UZ-FE engine's use in airplanes?
-The 1UZ-FE engine is one of the few automotive engines approved by the United States Federal Aviation Administration for use in airplanes, specifically in its twin-turbo 360 horsepower form known as the FV 2400 TC.
What are some common modifications made to the 1UZ-FE engine for performance enhancement?
-Common modifications include upgrading the ECU to a tunable standalone unit, replacing the exhaust manifolds, upgrading the camshafts, and potentially adding forced induction like turbos or superchargers.
What is the potential power output of a stock 1UZ-FE engine?
-The stock 1UZ-FE engine makes 256 horsepower, but with revisions in 1994 and 1997, the power output was increased to 261 and then 290 horsepower respectively.
How does the 1UZ-FE engine perform in racing applications?
-While the 1UZ-FE engine was not a great success in racing, particularly in the Sartre MC8R where it finished second to last, it has been discovered by car enthusiasts for its potential in various motorsport applications like drag racing and drifting.
What is the significance of the 1UZ-FE engine's aluminum construction?
-The aluminum construction of the 1UZ-FE engine, including the engine block and cylinder heads, contributes to its lightweight and compact design, which is beneficial for performance and handling.
Outlines
😎 Introduction to the 1UZ-FE Engine
The video begins with an introduction to the 1UZ-FE engine, a V8 engine known for its aluminum quad cam and 32-valve design. The engine, often referred to as 'booze' for ease of pronunciation, is highlighted for its debut in the Lexus LS400 in 1989. The video acknowledges AEM's support, which has enabled improvements in audio and lighting for the series. Project F1, initiated by Toyota Chairman Eiji Toyoda in 1983, aimed to create a luxury sedan to rival American and European brands. The project was all-encompassing, with no budget or time constraints, and involved over 4000 personnel. The engine underwent rigorous testing, covering 2.7 million kilometers across diverse terrains, ensuring its reliability and performance.
🏎️ The Versatility and Legacy of the 1UZ-FE Engine
The 1UZ-FE engine's reliability is underscored by its inclusion in the 2007 Consumer Reports list for vehicles exceeding 200,000 miles regularly. The engine's development cost exceeded $1 billion, reflecting Toyota's commitment to quality. The engine's quiet operation and superior performance stunned the market, as demonstrated in a Top Gear test where a glass of water remained undisturbed even at 6,000 rpm. The 1UZ-FE's versatility is highlighted by its use in airplanes, boats, and even ambulances. Its potential for tuning and swapping into lighter, more nimble cars is discussed, along with its use in racing, despite its mixed success in the Oman MC 8R.
🔧 Engine Specifications and Performance
The video delves into the 1UZ-FE's specifications, including its over-square engine design with a bore and stroke of 87.5mm and 82.5mm, respectively. The engine's aluminum construction, 90-degree V configuration, and forged steel crankshaft with eight counterweights are detailed. The block features six-bolt cross-bolted main bearing caps, enhancing its strength. The engine's design, influenced by Indy Racing League engines, suggests its potential for high-performance applications. The video also covers the engine's cylinder head design, valve sizes, and camshaft profiles, which are more economy-oriented but have been optimized for performance.
🛠️ Modifications and Tuning for the 1UZ-FE Engine
The video discusses various modifications and tuning options for the 1UZ-FE engine, starting with basic servicing and upgrades like replacing the timing belt and gaskets. It suggests that later models with variable valve timing are more enjoyable in stock form. For those seeking more power, the video recommends starting with a tunable standalone ECU to unlock the engine's potential. It also covers modifications like performance-oriented exhaust manifolds, aggressive camshafts, and valve springs. The video emphasizes the importance of a standalone ECU for realizing the full potential of modifications and the engine's suitability for forced induction setups.
🚀 Advanced Tuning and Forced Induction for the 1UZ-FE Engine
The video explores advanced tuning techniques for the 1UZ-FE engine, including the use of individual throttle bodies (ITBS) for improved throttle response and power gains. It discusses the engine's compatibility with forced induction methods like turbocharging, supercharging, and nitrous oxide systems. The video advises using early generation engines for forced induction due to their over-engineered internals, which can handle more boost. It provides expected power levels for various modifications, such as 350 horsepower with a basic supercharger conversion and up to 800 horsepower with nitrous upgrades. The video concludes with a lighthearted Japanese rap, showcasing the versatility and fun associated with the 1UZ-FE engine.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡1UZ-FE
💡Oversquare engine design
💡Forged steel crankshaft
💡Cross-bolted main bearing caps
💡Variable Valve Timing (VVT-i)
💡Twin-turbo
💡Hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy
💡ECU (Engine Control Unit)
💡Forced Induction
💡Nitrous Oxide
Highlights
Introduction of the 1UZ-FE V8 engine, known for its aluminum quad cam and 32-valve design.
1UZ-FE engine's debut in the Lexus LS400 in 1989, marking a significant moment in automotive history.
Project F1, a secret initiative by Toyota to create a luxury sedan to rival European and American brands.
The 1UZ-FE engine's extensive testing, including over 2.7 million kilometers of global driving trials.
The LS400's exceptional reliability, listed by Consumer Reports for regularly exceeding 200,000 miles.
The 1UZ-FE's FAA approval for use in airplanes, highlighting its performance and reliability.
Adaptability of the 1UZ-FE engine for marine use in Toyota boats, showcasing its versatility.
Use of the 1UZ-FE in the Toyota HiAce High Matic ambulance, demonstrating its life-saving potential.
The 1UZ-FE's racing legacy, including its development to 600 horsepower in the Sartre MC8R.
Popularity of the 1UZ-FE for engine swaps due to its compact size and V8 power.
Engine specifications of the 1UZ-FE, including bore, stroke, and aluminum construction.
The 1UZ-FE's oversquare engine design and its implications for performance.
Evolution of the 1UZ-FE with variable valve timing (VVT-i) and increased compression ratio over its production years.
The 1UZ-FE's potential for tuning and modifications, with a focus on ECU upgrades and forced induction.
Safety considerations and power limits when boosting the 1UZ-FE engine.
The 1UZ-FE's use in drifting and its smooth power delivery, making it a favorite among enthusiasts.
The 1UZ-FE's potential for supercharging and nitrous setups, pushing power levels to new heights.
Rapping in Japanese as a fun conclusion to the video, showcasing the presenter's engagement with the audience.
Transcripts
what is a boys and girls welcome back to
iconic engines today we're covering our
first ever v8 engine with an iconic
engines and we are starting off with
some aluminum quad cam 2 Yoda muscle of
course I'm talking about the 1 uz f II
and I'm gonna be pronouncing that as
booze for the rest of the video because
it makes it easier than to spell the
whole thing every time and I will be
repeating the engine name many times
throughout this video also I want to let
you know that this is our fifth video
has been made possible by a and as you
already know AEM are the top dogs when
it comes to aftermarket performance
electronics doesn't matter if you're a
car enthusiast a professional tuner or a
full-on motorsport racing team AEM has
the electronics to take your bill to the
stratosphere so if you need some
top-notch stuff that has been engineered
to outperform definitely check out this
video's description because there you
can find the links to amazing AEM
digital dash displays ECU's fuel pumps
and more also last time thanks to AEM I
was able to invest in some audio
equipment and improve the audio in the
iconic engines video series this time
again thanks to a.m. I was able to
invest in some lighting equipment boom
let there be light
so the one earth engine was that's just
stupid whose idea was that the what you
see engine made its debut in 1989 in the
engine bay of the Lexus ls400 the car
that basically made the Lexus brand but
to compact the de bureau of this engine
into this one single sentence that sort
of makes it sound like it just popped
out of nowhere in 1989 would be a
massive insult to a relentless pursuit
of quality that started six years before
with Project f1 now f1 has nothing to do
with Formula One it was a secret to Yoda
project and f1 stood for flagship sedan
number one and this was a project
initiated in 1983 by none other than to
Yoda chairman himself mr. Eiji Toyoda
the goal of Project f1 was to make a
luxury sedan that would rival and outdo
flagship vehicles offered by American
and European brands and to make this
happen to Yoda went all in the f1
project had no budget and had no time
constraint basically Toyota was willing
to spend everything it took to make this
happen and to make it happen to your
head 600 designers 1,400 engineers 2,300
technicians and 200 supporting staff
working on the f1 project basically
that's a medium-sized village of Toyota
employees making this happen
but the number of people isn't what's
impressive what's impressive is what
these people did now chief engineer
Ichiro Suzuki who surprisingly wasn't a
very obvious spy for Suzuki was leading
a team of designers and engineers that
over the course of Project f1 developed
450 B
prototypes and 900 engine prototypes one
of those engine prototypes that came on
top was the one you see and once
engineers settled on an engine design
they decided to celebrate the new engine
by putting it through help development
teams on the f1 project clocked more
than 2.7 million kilometers driving the
LS 400 prototypes with one new zfe
engines in them everywhere from the
Nordic regions of Europe to the
scorching Sun and sand of the deserts in
Saudi Arabia 2.7 million kilometers
that's actually enough to go from United
States coast to coast
more than 650 times designs of them
ls400
and the one you see Fe were reviewed
countless times something that many
other manufacturers would find totally
acceptable was reviewed again and again
and improved until it was basically
perfect so there really is no surprise
factor to the fact that the LS 400 and
the 1uz fe engine is one of the most
reliable toyota products ever made it's
actually one of the most reliable
automotive products ever made in 2007
the LS 400 made Consumer Reports a list
of recommended vehicles that regularly
do more than 200,000 miles but now it's
2020 and many owners around the world
who actually proven that the 1uz fe
engine can do twice that easily with
nothing but regular maintenance by the
time the f1 project was finished and the
receipts tallied up to Yoda had spent
more than 1 billion dollars to make the
LS 400 happen but it was all worth it
when the LS 400 hit the market it was
quieter it was faster he had a lower
coefficient
drag it had better fuel economy and to
top it all off it was cheaper than all
of its competitors the secret was out
and everybody was dumbstruck now this is
not a test we normally perform on Top
Gear but it's a perfect illustration of
the Lexus engine I can put a glass of
water on top of the unit and at idle
there isn't even a disturbance in the
surface better still I can have the
engine revved to 6,000 rpm
and as you can see the water doesn't
even tremble now that's not something
you can do with the other three rivals
Toyota tell us they had a team of 60
engineers working on noise vibration and
harshness and the results speak for
themselves but when you see was a very
ambitious engine after head impress the
land dwellers with its lightweight and
compact design amazing smoothness and
power and reliability the 1uz wanted
more in wanted to fly the 1uz is
actually one of the very very few
automotive engines that was given
production certification and approval to
be used in airplanes by the United
States Federal Aviation Administration
in its airplane form the one you see is
called the FV 2400 to TC and it's a
twin-turbo 360 horsepower engine pretty
cool right so after flying the one you
see decided didn't wanted to swim and
swim it did as well it actually ended up
in some Toyota boats talk about smooth
sailing with a very smooth v8
[Music]
after that swimming and flying the 1uz
decided that it wanted to save life's
too and save life's it did as well it
actually ended up in the engine bay of
the toyota hiace high Matic ambulance
van which is pretty cool even if you
don't make it at least you dive in a
aluminum v8 quad-cam 32-valve powered
ambulance man
so after flying swimming and being a
paramedic there was just one thing left
on the one you zis bucket list and it
was racing to race the 1uz ended up in
the engine bay of the Sartre MC 8r
where it developed 600 horsepower in
twin turbocharged form
sadly though the 1uz wasn't a great
success in the Oman the MC 8 R really
couldn't keep up with the likes of the
Porsche 911 gt1 and the most notable
result it did in my mom was finishing
second to last which is kind of bad I
had a man on his right is well on fire
it's one of the saw Toyotas it's Tatsuya
Tanigawa trying to get back to the pits
but that car is well aflame but even
though it wasn't a great hit in a month
today car enthusiasts have discovered
the amazing potential of the 1uz engine
being a lightweight and being compact
and being a v8 makes it an amazing swap
into pretty much everything and today
enthusiasts are swapping the one you see
in two cars that are much lighter and
much more nimble than the LS 400 where
the 1uz originated and now you can see
one use these kicking ass on everything
from the drag strip to drift events to
circuit racing
so let's start what we always start with
when it comes to the engine specs bore
and Stroke when it comes to the 1uz we
have eighty seven point five millimeters
of bore and eighty two point five
millimeters of stroke which gives us a
pretty over square engine design and
having eight Sanders it also means that
we have a pretty healthy engine
displacement of four or either's as you
already know the one you see is an all
aluminum design which means we have an
aluminum engine block and aluminum
cylinder heads when it comes to the
block we have a ninety degree angle
between the cylinder banks inside the
engine block you are going to find a
forged steel crankshaft with eight
counterweights this is pretty neat as
usually on mass production v8 engine
starting to find six count rates we have
another pretty cool thing in the
aluminum engine block and that's six
bolt cross bolted main bearing caps on
top of the main bearing cap you find
these four bolts but on the sides there
are two additional bolts that both the
side of the main bearing cap to the
block this the crankshaft and the
oversquare engine design actually make
the one UCF York like a racing engine
and this was something that was
confirmed by a statement in 2007 from
David Courier who was president of TRD
USA then and he said that the one you
see EFI engine design was actually based
on an Indy Racing League engine design
and that they were plans to use the one
you see in the gt500 racing series the
connecting rods are made from sintered
forged steel the Pistons use a hyper
eutectic aluminum alloy with additional
steel struts that help control the
thermal expansion also the business
skirts have been finely grooved to help
a better lubrication and reduce
frictional losses moving from the engine
block to the cylinder head the letter F
in one use EF e becomes apparent as you
might
already know F stands for economy
oriented cylinder heads in Toyota engine
codes while G stands for performance
oriented cylinder heads such as for
example in the for a GE or the 3sg e
while the cylinder heads of the one you
see Fe definitely aren't bad they aren't
as outright performance oriented as you
might think they would be when working
at that motor sporty engine block so
what do the cylinder heads have they do
have a pent roof combustion chamber with
good squish areas and a spark plug in
the middle they also do have two
camshafts person cylinder head giving us
a quad cam engine design however only
the intake camshaft is driven by the
timing belt the exhaust cam is driven by
the intake camp via a gear between the
two camshafts the valve included angle
which is the angle between the valves
themselves is pretty narrow and economy
oriented in the 1uz engine and it sits
at 22 degrees and 33 minutes when it
comes to the valve sizes we have some
pretty average valve sizes of thirty
three and a half millimeters from the
intake valves and 28 millimeters on the
exhaust valves the camshaft profiles are
also expected relatively conservative
and we have some pretty mild duration
and lift on both the intake and exhaust
in its original form the 1uz engine
makes 256 horsepower and has a pretty
nice 353 Newton meters of torque it also
has a compression ratio of 10 to 1
now the one you see received revisions
in the 894 and in 97 both of these times
a lot of little things were redesigned
and improved upon but the big ones to
mention are in 94 the compression was
increased to ten point four and this
resulted in increased power output of
261 horsepower but 97 was the big one
and this is when the uz received
variable valve timing actually Toyota's
vvt-i and another small bump in
compression to ten point five of this
resulted in the final power output of
290 horsepower with the prices of
popular big swap engines like the two
Jay Z or the RB skyrocketing the 1uz is
actually a breath of fresh air on the
tuning scene it's a v8 that's compact so
you can swap it in two cars that are
much smaller and lighter than the Lexus
and Toyota cars that the 1uz originally
came with but it also has a good bottom
end and great power potential I mean
what's not to like
it's also becoming an ever more popular
swap into the Toyota gt86 /b RG / FRS
and even some supras are foregoing the
traditional one jay-z - jay-z route and
are instead stuffing in one uz into
their engine bay so swapping in one uz
into something else is going to be our
stage 0 basically find a nice clean
alone mileage 1uz and stuff it into the
engine bay of whatever you want now when
doing this most one use these do come
from Japan or have an unknown history so
you have no idea what are the actual
miles other than somebody telling you
what are the miles so definitely
definitely consider doing the basic
servicing replace the timing belt
replace some gaskets do an oil flush and
all that you know to ensure that your
new old engine is fresh and ready to be
enjoyed when it comes to choosing a want
to use these to swap into something if
you aren't planning on extensively
modifying your engine or adding forced
induction actually the later one use
these are the ones after 1997 that have
variable valve timing and an increasing
compression are the most enjoyable to
drive in stock form on the street and
you make the most power the one you see
of
works great for drifting I know to Yoda
I never thought about drifting when they
were designing the 1uz but to leave it
to car enthusiasts give us an engine and
we'll do everything the manufacturer
never intended to do with it I mean
that's what makes us cool right so what
do you see and drifting now the one you
see has a smooth linear power delivery
and it also has a pretty healthy amount
of torque combine that with a
lightweight rear-wheel drive chassis and
maintaining long smooth beautiful drifts
becomes a joy with a one use the engine
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
but let's say you want more power you're
not satisfied with the stock power
output how do you get more power well
the first thing in your way is actually
the ECU don't do anything else until you
get a tunable standalone ECU as you
might know to Yoda ECU's can be chipped
or hacked into so there's no way of
modifying the existing issue and you
have to get a stand on but once you get
a stand on for it 1uz you're gonna open
many many doors for yourself because all
the other mods that you add on to it
later are gonna make the most you know
they can with a standalone ECU after
you've done the ECU you can start by
getting rid of those stock economy
oriented exhaust manifolds and replacing
them with more performance-oriented ones
there are off-the-shelf aftermarket
solutions for exhaust manifolds on a 1u
z but depending on what you're swapping
the 1uz into you might be forced to make
some custom ones on the intake side of
things if you have an older 1u z fe
engine the aftermarket ECU is actually
going to allow you to get rid of the
stock restrictive air for meter and do a
cold air intake of these mods for stage
one aren't going to yield around 15 to
25 extra horses for you for stage two we
are going to tackle the cylinder heads
now let's sell the heads of the 1uz with
their narrow encoded valve angle and
their port design are actually probably
the one of the most limiting factors
when it comes to performance on the 1uz
engine but while you can't redesign the
cylinder head and replace it for they
don't do a different one you can tackle
the camshafts and the valve angles and
other stuff you can get some aggressive
cams and replace the stock mild camshaft
profiles you can upgrade the valve
springs and you can also have some more
performance oriented valve angle Scott
after that you can port and polish
the cylinder heads and then you're
looking at additional maybe 20 to 30
horsepower depending on the camshaft
profile you go for always when it comes
to camshaft profiles don't forget
massive power gains in the top range
almost always come at the expense of
fossils in the bottom end of the rpm
range our standalone ECU is also going
to enable us to get rid of the factory
intake and replace it with some
individual throttle bodies how about two
sets of ITBS
from the for eg 20 valves going to give
us an extra sharp throttle response an
amazing soundtrack and an additional 10
to 15 horses
[Applause]
[Applause]
now naturally aspirated tuning beyond
this point actually becomes ever more
expensive with ever decreasing rewards
because you really can't overcome the
design of the stock cylinder heads but
what you can do is force induction turbo
supercharger nitrous the 1uz has a
pretty good bottom end and it has proven
itself and being pretty good at coping
with forced induction
when it comes to choosing a 1uz engine
to use for forced induction we're gonna
do the opposite of what we did when we
were talking about a stock swap we
actually want the early engines for
forced induction and those are all
engines made in 1994 and before these
are better for boost because they are
over engineered a bit compared to other
engines they have thicker and beefier
internals however it is early Gen 1 uses
are becoming ever harder to find so many
people settle for the later engines and
upgrade the Pistons and conrad's when it
comes to safe boosted power levels for
the stock back of the one you see all
generations can take safely apt around
450 horsepower however many people have
pushed the stock first-generation
internals to well above 500 horsepower
so we can assume a safe power level for
the first gen to be around 550
horsepower let's say but all of these
safe power levels are just an estimate
and they should be taken with a grain of
salt like a huge giant this is big grain
of rock salt and you can keep this big
grain of rock salt on the side so you
can smash it over your head when a
horrible - kills your engine at power
levels well below those deemed as safe I
always repeat this in my videos safe
power levels assume a good tune they
assume not monitoring and other safety
measures that save your engine's life a
horrible - based on guesswork is gonna
ruin an engine way below safe power
levels when it comes to turbos you have
the option of going for a big single
turbo or doing twin turbos the V
configuration is really asking for twin
turbos and there are a lot of really
good 1uz twin turbo belts out there
[Music]
however the aftermarket
in general is still lagging behind when
it comes today 1uz and it isn't even
comparable to more popular engine
platforms and while the aftermarket is
catching up recently
you still will need to do custom stuff
probably when it comes to more serious
tuning off the 1uz when it comes to
super charging super charging is also
really popular and it works well with
this engine when it comes to
superchargers many people use the m90
from Eaton or the Terminator Cobra
supercharger although others have been
used as well expected power levels are
with a basic supercharger conversion you
can expect first expect around 350
horsepower with supporting mods and the
roller compression forged pistons you
can look at around four hundred and four
20 maybe 430 horsepower at around 10 to
11 psi
when it comes to nitrous the situation
is pretty similar as with turbos if you
upgrade your Pistons and rods the sky
really becomes the limit and 600 700 800
horsepower one use efe builds our
unclearly that uncommon anymore
[Applause]
[Music]
and there you have it the one u ZF e
engine hope you enjoy that hope you
found it useful informative and yeah now
it's time to end the video with what we
always end the video and that is rap and
this time it's in Japanese no I don't
speak Japanese I did go to a basic
course and I did get a basic elementary
level certificate which enables me to
order a drink at a restaurant and say hi
and goodbye
they definitely did teach us how to rap
but I dug my own grave by saying
challenge accepted to a Japanese rap
idea in the comment section and I just
spent the last hour and a half on Google
Translate trying to figure out how to do
this and it's probably gonna be horrible
and full of grammar mistakes but I
didn't myself so it's two days boku wa
each ustedes Anna Todd Joe Don dismiss a
DES so you Ibero como te mas dokodemo
Subaru koto g'day Chema's Thabo
supercharger Matawan eToro boku wa euro
ear engine desta Toro
Netaji Oh No - yo ebook man - yo e
Buraku god no - yo Ebru Kouga gue
baroque amo te mas - yo abro Kouga ma te
must block oh what a mess
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