Nursing Research and EBP

Summary

This script delves into nursing research and its evolution, emphasizing its importance in shaping 21st-century healthcare. It outlines the process of research, from formulating questions to analyzing data, and discusses various study designs, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The script highlights the significance of evidence-based practice, the role of the National Institute of Nursing Research, and the ethical considerations in conducting research. It concludes by stressing the need for educators, administrators, consumers, and policymakers to understand and apply nursing research.

Takeaways

• 🔬 **Nursing Research Definition**: It's a systematic inquiry to generate or refine knowledge, providing a scientific base for nursing practice and supporting quality and cost-effective interventions.
• 📈 **Evolution of Nursing Research**: From Florence Nightingale's statistical studies during the Crimean War to the current focus on evidence-based practice in the 21st century.
• 🏥 **Role of Nurses**: Nurses act as followers, managers, and leaders in healthcare organizations, applying research to improve patient care.
• 🌟 **National Institute of Nursing Research (NR)**: Supports research on critical health problems, providing a roadmap to enhance public health through scientific results.
• 🔍 **Research Process**: Involves formulating questions, reviewing literature, defining hypotheses, choosing a design, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings.
• 📊 **Study Designs**: Include quantitative and qualitative methods, with the former focusing on statistical analysis and the latter on discovery through interviews and cultural perspectives.
• 🧪 **Quantitative Designs**: Common types include case studies, surveys, needs assessments, meta-analyses, and experimental studies.
• 📚 **Qualitative Designs**: Focus on understanding intangible experiences and cultural phenomena, with methods like phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory.
• 🌐 **Application of Research**: Nurses apply research findings to practice, influencing change and translating research into improved healthcare policies and protocols.
• 🔎 **Research Utilization**: Involves critical appraisal of research, using various forms of evidence, and ensuring ethical considerations are met in protecting human subjects.

Q & A

What is nursing research and why is it important?

Nursing research is a systematic inquiry or study conducted to generate new knowledge or refine existing knowledge. It provides a foundation for practice decisions and behaviors, creating a strong scientific base for nursing. It also supports the quality and cost-effectiveness of interventions and demonstrates professional accountability to insurers and health care consumers.

How did Florence Nightingale contribute to the evolution of nursing research?

Florence Nightingale began nursing research with a comprehensive statistical study of sanitation during the Crimean War. Although nursing research wasn't considered important at that time, her work laid the groundwork for future nursing research.

What was the focus of nursing research from the 1950s to the 1970s?

During the 1950s to the 1970s, the focus of nursing research was on teaching, administration, and curriculum issues.

What is the definition of evidence-based practice in nursing?

Evidence-based practice in nursing is the process of systematically finding, appraising, and using research findings as a basis for making decisions about patient care.

What is the role of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NR) in supporting nursing research?

The National Institute of Nursing Research supports research on the biologic and behavioral aspects of critical health problems. It provides a roadmap to channel scientific results to enhance the health of all people, emphasizing areas such as health promotion, disease prevention, quality of life, health disparities, and end-of-life care.

What are the steps involved in the research process as described in the script?

The research process involves formulating the research question or problem, defining the purpose of the study, reviewing related literature, formulating a hypothesis, defining variables, choosing a research design, selecting the population and sample, conducting a pilot study, collecting data, analyzing data, and communicating the conclusions.

What are the common quantitative research designs used in healthcare?

Common quantitative research designs include case studies, surveys, needs assessments, methodologic studies, meta-analyses, experiments, quasi-experiments, secondary analysis, and pilot studies.

How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?

Qualitative research is designed for discovery rather than verification, with the main technique being interviewing. It focuses on intangible experiences and aims to provide an understanding of the patient's lived experience. Common types of qualitative research include phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory.

What are some ways that nurses can apply research findings to their practice?

Nurses can apply research findings through enlightenment, implementation of research-based protocols, or the widespread adoption of standards based on research findings. They can also incorporate research into their practice by using large databases, electronic health records, and sophisticated statistical techniques.

Why is critical appraisal of nursing research important?

Critical appraisal of nursing research is important to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. It involves processes like blind review and evaluation of abstracts and findings to ensure that the research is of high quality and can be used effectively in practice.

What are some ethical considerations in conducting nursing research?

Ethical considerations in nursing research include protecting human subjects' rights, ensuring that research proposals are examined by an institutional review board or human subjects committee, and adhering to historical lessons from unethical research practices, such as the Nazi experiments and the Tuskegee syphilis study.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

This paragraph introduces the concept of nursing research and its evolution. It discusses the role of the nurse as a follower, manager, and leader in applying research to practice, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based health care in the 21st century. The definition of nursing research as a systematic inquiry to generate or refine knowledge is provided, highlighting its role in supporting practice decisions, behaviors, and interventions. The paragraph also outlines the historical development of nursing research, starting with Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War, through various phases focusing on education, teaching administration, and health care delivery issues, to the current focus on evidence-based practice. The National Institute of Nursing Research (NR) is mentioned as a supporter of research on critical health problems, providing a roadmap to enhance public health. The process of research, from formulating questions to communicating conclusions, is briefly described, including the importance of study designs in data collection and analysis.

05:01

📊 Understanding Study Designs in Nursing Research

This paragraph delves into the various types of study designs used in nursing research, including quantitative, qualitative, triangulation, and pilot studies. Quantitative designs are described as statistical analyses of numerical data, with a focus on precision and the need for multiple studies over time. Common quantitative designs such as case studies, surveys, needs assessments, methodologic studies, meta-analyses, experiments, quasi-experiments, secondary analysis, and pilot studies are explained. Qualitative designs are introduced as discovery-oriented methods, with a focus on understanding intangible experiences and cultural perspectives. Phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory are mentioned as key qualitative research methods. The paragraph also discusses the application of research findings in practice, the importance of critical appraisal of nursing research, and the various forms and levels of evidence that nurses can use to inform their decisions.

10:03

📚 Utilizing Research in Nursing Practice

This paragraph emphasizes the importance of using research in nursing practice and the various ways in which research findings can be applied. It discusses the growth of databases, electronic health records, and statistical techniques that enhance the examination of practices and the comparison of intervention effectiveness. The paragraph highlights the importance of critically appraising nursing research through processes like blind review and peer review. It also touches on the different types and levels of evidence, including journal articles, systematic reviews, intervention guidelines, patient values, and expert opinions. The paragraph provides examples of evidence-based practice, such as the use of heparinized saline for flushing IV catheters and clinical practice guidelines developed by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The discussion concludes with the ethical considerations in research, the role of institutional review boards, and historical examples of unethical research, emphasizing the need to protect human subjects' rights in all research endeavors.

15:08

🏁 Conclusion and Further Inquiry

The final paragraph summarizes the importance of nursing research and evidence-based practice, emphasizing the roles of educators, healthcare administrators, consumers, and policymakers in promoting and utilizing research findings. It calls for the preparation of students, fostering of research by administrators, education of consumers, and informing of policymakers to ensure that research translates into healthcare policy. The paragraph concludes with an invitation for further questions or inquiries related to the course content, encouraging ongoing engagement with the material.

Keywords

💡Nursing Research

Nursing research refers to a systematic inquiry aimed at generating new knowledge or refining existing knowledge in the field of nursing. It provides a foundation for practice decisions and behaviors, creating a strong scientific base for nursing. In the video, it is emphasized as a critical component of evidence-based practice, with historical evolution from Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War to the current focus on evidence-based practice in the 21st century.

💡Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-based practice is defined as the process of systematically finding, appraising, and using research findings as a basis for making decisions about patient care. It is central to the video's theme, illustrating how nursing research outcomes are applied to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. The video discusses how research findings are increasingly used to guide clinical decisions.

💡Healthcare Organization

A healthcare organization is a structured entity that provides medical and health services to individuals. In the context of the video, the role of the nurse as a follower, manager, and leader within such organizations is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of applying research to practice to meet the demands of 21st-century healthcare.

💡Scientific Evidence

Scientific evidence in the video refers to the empirical data and research findings that form the basis for healthcare decisions and practices. It is crucial for ensuring that nursing care is based on the best available knowledge, which is a key aspect of nursing research and evidence-based practice.

💡Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale is noted as a pioneer in nursing research, particularly for her comprehensive statistical study of sanitation during the Crimean War. Her work is highlighted in the video as a foundational step in the evolution of nursing research, emphasizing the historical significance of research in nursing.

💡National Institute of Nursing Research (NR)

The National Institute of Nursing Research (NR) is mentioned as an organization that supports research on critical health problems, providing a roadmap to channel scientific results into enhancing public health. The video underscores the NR's role in promoting health promotion, disease prevention, and quality of life through nursing research.

💡Research Design

Research design in the video refers to the plan that outlines how data will be collected, from whom, and how it will be analyzed to answer specific research questions. It is a key concept in nursing research, with the video detailing various types such as quantitative, qualitative, triangulation, and pilot studies.

💡Quantitative and Qualitative Designs

Quantitative designs involve statistical analysis of numerical data, while qualitative designs focus on discovery through methods like interviewing. The video discusses these designs in detail, explaining their use in nursing research to produce knowledge about precise topics and to explore social processes and individual experiences.

💡Critical Appraisal

Critical appraisal in the context of the video is the process of evaluating the quality and validity of nursing research. It is essential for ensuring that research used in evidence-based practice is reliable and valid. The video mentions peer review and blind review as part of this process, emphasizing the importance of critical reading of research articles before using them.

💡Ethical Issues in Research

Ethical issues in research are highlighted in the video as a crucial consideration in conducting studies, especially to protect the rights of human subjects. It mentions the role of institutional review boards and historical examples of unethical research, such as the Nazi experiments and the Tuskegee syphilis study, to underscore the importance of ethical conduct in research.

Highlights

Nursing research is essential for providing health care based on the best available scientific evidence.

Nursing research generates knowledge that indirectly affects nursing care processes.

Florence Nightingale initiated nursing research with a focus on sanitation during the Crimean War.

20th-century nursing research evolved from education to teaching administration and curriculum issues.

In the 1980s, nursing research began utilizing computers for data collection and analysis.

The 1990s saw a focus on health care delivery issues such as cost, quality, and access.

21st-century nursing research emphasizes evidence-based practice for clinical decisions.

The National Institute of Nursing Research supports studies on critical health problems.

Research designs include quantitative, qualitative, triangulation, and pilot studies.

Quantitative designs involve statistical analysis of numerical data from samples and populations.

Qualitative designs are discovery-oriented, with interviewing as a main technique.

Nurses apply research findings to practice and have a broader responsibility to society.

Research use can take various forms, including enlightenment and implementation of research-based protocols.

Evidence-based practice involves reviewing different types and levels of evidence, such as journal articles and guidelines.

Critical appraisal of nursing research is crucial, including blind review and peer review.

Ethical issues in research must ensure the protection of human subjects' rights.

Educators, healthcare administrators, consumers, and policymakers all play roles in promoting nursing research.

Transcripts

nursing research and evidence-based

practice the role of the nurse as a

follower manager and leader of a Health

Care Organization in applying research

to practice is defined in the context of

21st century demands for providing

Health Care based on the best available

scientific

evidence so what is nursing research

well the definition indicates that it's

a systematic inquiry or study that's

conducted to generate new knowledge or

to refine existing

knowledge results provide foundation for

practice decisions and

behaviors results create strong

scientific base for

nursing results Provide support for the

quality and coste effectiveness of

interventions the application of results

demonstrates professional accountability

to insurers and Health Care

consumers and nursing research generates

knowledge in areas that indirectly

affect nursing care

processes so let's discuss a little bit

about the evolution of Nursing

Research nursing research began with

Florence nighale especially during the

cran

War during this time period nursing

research wasn't considered important

Florence Nightingale made a

comprehensive statistical study of

Sanitation then research focus in the

1900s to the 1940s was based upon

Nursing education student

characteristics and student

satisfaction then research Focus from

the 50s to the 70s was about teaching

Administration and curriculum issues

in the 1980s research Focus was more uh

about qualified researchers there was

widespread availability of computers for

data collection and Analysis and then we

had a lot of qualitative

studies during the 1990s healthc care

delivery issues such as cost quality and

access was a

focus and as we go into the 21st century

it uh the focus is based upon

evidencebased for practice increasingly

research findings are being used as the

basis for clinical

decisions um evidence-based practice can

be defined as the process of

systematically finding appraising and

using research findings as a basis for

making decisions about patient

care let's talk about the NR research

folky the National Institute of Nursing

Research supports research on the

biologic and behavioral aspects of

critical health problems that confront

the nation the NR provides a basic road

map to channel scientific results to

enhance the health of all people these

areas

are health promotion and disease

prevention Quality of

Life Health

disparities in the area of end of life

life these areas of research emphasized

published by the NR are useful guides

for investigators that are developing

proposals but they are not considered to

be the stringent in

nature so research it's a process that

takes place in a series of

steps first you want to formulate the

research question or problem

Define the purpose of this

study review any related

literature at this point you're going to

formulate a hypothesis and uh Define any

variables then you choose a research

design select your population your

sample and your

setting then you're going to conduct a

pilot study

you're going to begin collecting the

data then of course you're going to

analyze this data that you've

collected and then we're going to

communicate the

conclusion so let's talk about some

study

designs these are plans that tell a

researcher how the data is to be

collected and then from whom the data is

going to be collected and how the data

will be analyze to answer specific

research

questions these designs are often

referred to as quantitative qualitative

triangulation and pilot studies as we go

through this lesson we're going to

discuss quantitative and qualitative in

detail triangulation is the use of

qualitative and quantitative methods

pilot studies are smallscale studies

that are often preliminary research

studies and typically include

participants who are similar learn to

those who will be used in the larger

research study now we're going to

proceed to discuss quantitative and

qualitative

designs quantitative designs or studies

are a statistical analysis of numerical

data that's obtained from samples and

populations these studies usually

produce knowledge about very precise

topics creating a need for multiple

studies over multiple years before

conclusive knowledge is resulted so

let's review the most common

quantitative designs used in

healthcare we have the case study this

provides an indepth analysis of a single

subject group institution or social

unit we have the survey this is used to

collect large amounts of information

with little expenditure of time and

money

then we have the needs assessment this

determines what is most beneficial to an

aggregate

group then we have methodologic uh this

focuses on development and testing

instruments to improve the reliability

and

validity we have

metaanalysis uh that's an advanced

process by which research on a specific

topic is reviewed and then the findings

of multiple studies are statistically

analyzed and expressed

quantitatively there is experimental

these are studies that include the

manipulation of one or more independent

variables random assignment to a control

or treatment group and then observation

of the outcome or effect that is

presumably the result of the independent

variable then we have the Quasi

experimental this lacks one of the

components of experimental design for an

example we have random ization control

group or manipulation of one or more of

the

variables then we have secondary

analysis this involves asking new

questions on data that's collected

previously the data may have been

generated from previous formal research

or may have been gathered through any

previous systematic collection of

data then we have triangulation this is

a use of various research methods or

data collection Tech techniques in the

same

study and we also have pilot studies

these are small scale studies referred

to as a feasibility studies and the

purpose is to identify strengths and

limitations of larger plan study

remember earlier I had discussed the

pilot studies in

triangulation okay now let's look at the

qualitative Design This is a method of

research that's designed for Discovery

rather then for verification the main

technique used in is interviewing in

this type of design the main types of

research

are phenomenology this is a method used

to study intangible experiences such as

grief hope or risk-taking those are just

a few examples it is designed to provide

an understanding of the patient's lived

experience well we also have ethnography

this is a method used to study phenomena

from a cultural

perspective and then we have grounded

Theory this is a method designed to

explore a social

process individual nurses May apply

research findings to their own practice

however nurses have a broader

responsibility to society that includes

activating the change process in trans

ating Research into

practice so what do we use research for

there is an extensive concern that

nurses have failed to realize the

potential for using research findings as

a basis for making decisions and

developing

interventions research use can be in a

variety of forms Enlightenment

implementation of a research-based

protocol or the widespread adoption of

Standards based on research findings

there are all all types of ways that we

can incorporate

research so let's think about you know

where do you get your research well with

the growth of large databases the use of

electronic health records and

sophisticated statistical techniques

examining practices in real world

situations and comparing the

effectiveness of interventions is

enhanced locating published research

focus on the usefulness of computer ized

databases such as salal and Medline and

the annual review of Nursing

Research then once you choose your

research make sure that you have a

critical appraisal of the nursing

research we have such things such as the

blind review and then of course abstract

and findings that may be the easiest

sections of a research report for the

novice to actually understand nurses at

all levels of educational preparation

should critic L read research Journal

articles and research summary articles

before using

them so when you talk about using

Research into evidence base there are

different types and levels of evidence

that you would actually review evidence

exist in many forms and so a few of

these that we're going to mention

are a journal article describing a

single study

systematic review methods such as

metaanalysis and meta

synthesis intervention

guidelines patient values and

preferences expert

opinion then there is Theory based

information and of course compiled

databases okay remember earlier I talked

about critical appraisal of Nursing

Research such as the blind review

abstract and findings these articles are

accepted on a competitive basis and are

peer

reviewed some of these uh examples of

evidence-based practice based on the

critical

appraisals um even though much work

remains to be done the potential effect

of research on healthc care knowledge

and practice can actually be

demonstrated by some such of these

examples

are heiz versus saline for flushing

peripheral intravenous

catheters interventions such as exercise

for cancer related

fatigue prevention and treatment of

pressure

ulcers clinical practice guidelines that

are developed by the agency for Health

Care policy and research in 1992

some examples of their research are

acute pain Care Management in infants

children and

adolescen prediction and prevention of

pressure ulcers in

adults and identification and treatment

of urinary incontinence in

adults these are just a few of the

examples of evidencebased practice based

upon

research when you're talking about

research um you cannot eliminate ethical

issues it is important to make sure

through any research study that human

subjects ethical rights are

protected the institutional review board

or the human subjects committee are

required by institutions that are

receiving Federal funding to examine

research

proposals prior to allowing any research

search to occur to make sure that no

human subjects ethical rights are

infringed

upon there are historical examples of

unethical research can you think of

anything off the top of your

head well remember in history we had the

Nazi experiments the uh tus syphilis

study in the Jewish chronic disease

hospital that was done in New York City

so now let's

summarize Educators must prepare

students to appreciate and conduct

research and evaluation at their level

of

preparation healthc care administrators

must Foster

research consumers must be educated

about the value of nursing

research and policy maker makers must be

informed about the findings so results

can be translated into Health Care

policy this concludes the lesson on

nursing research and evidence-based

practice if you have any questions

related to course content contact the

instructor