Every Construction Machine Explained in 15 Minutes

Summary

本视频带您深入了解建筑工程中使用的各种大型机械。从挖掘机、滑移装载机到推土机和刮土机，这些设备在挖掘、搬运和压实土石方中发挥着关键作用。视频还介绍了道路建设工具，如平地机、压路机、沥青摊铺机和滑模机，以及用于提升和搬运材料的起重机械。此外，还探讨了地下工程设备，如打桩机、隧道掘进机和定向钻孔机。视频强调了这些机器在提高施工效率和质量方面的重要性，并鼓励观众探索更多关于这些机械的信息。

Takeaways

• 🏗️ 建筑施工中使用的大型机械包括挖掘机、滑移装载机、装载机、自卸车、刮土机、反铲挖掘机、推土机和沟渠挖掘机等。
• 🚜 滑移装载机因其多功能性和能在狭小空间内快速转换不同工具而备受青睐。
• 🚚 自卸车和刮土机在运输土壤和岩石方面发挥着重要作用，而自卸车特别适用于长距离运输。
• 🛠️ 反铲挖掘机是一种结合了挖掘机和装载机功能的机械，适合在小型工地上使用。
• 🚧 道路建设中使用到的设备包括平地机、压路机、沥青摊铺机和滑模机等。
• 🌃 施工现场的照明和电力供应通常依赖于移动式照明塔和柴油发电机。
• 🔧 起重机和其他物料搬运设备在建筑工地上用于吊装和移动如梁或混凝土管等大型物体。
• 🚜 管道层、伸缩臂叉车和高空作业平台等设备在特定任务中提供了精确的物料放置和人员定位。
• 🏗️ 塔式起重机和发射门式起重机等起重机械在桥梁和高层建筑施工中发挥着关键作用。
• 🔩 地基施工中使用的设备包括桩钻机、桩锤机和混凝土泵等，它们用于深基础的建造和加固。

Q & A

挖掘机的主要功能是什么？

挖掘机是一种多功能的重型机械，主要用于挖掘土壤和岩石，但也可用于提升、推动、吊装和锤击等多种作业。

滑移装载机的灵活性体现在哪些方面？

滑移装载机通常配备有铲斗，但也可以快速更换为几乎任何类型的工具，如装载机、割草机、叉车或钻机，非常适合在狭小空间内作业。

装载机和自卸卡车在建筑工地上的作用有何不同？

装载机主要用于短距离运输土壤和岩石，而自卸卡车则用于长距离运输，它们通常具有液压缸来倾倒货物，并且为了承载重载，很多自卸卡车有辅助轴来分散重量。

什么是刮土机，它在建筑工地上的作用是什么？

刮土机是一种大型机械，通过一个巨大的刮板直接从地面刮取土壤到一个料斗中，然后将其运送到需要的地方并用液压喷射器卸载，常用于大型土方工程，如高速公路和水坝的建设。

推土机和挖掘机在功能上有何区别？

推土机专门用于在地面水平移动物料，虽然不能长距离移动物料，但可以利用其坦克式的履带将大量物料铺开。而挖掘机则更侧重于挖掘和提升作业。

什么是路面铣刨机，它在道路建设中的作用是什么？

路面铣刨机是一种专门用于去除道路表层的设备，它使用大型旋转鼓磨削并移除表面，通过输送系统将材料装载到跟随的自卸卡车中。

什么是摊铺列车，它在道路建设中如何工作？

摊铺列车是一种道路施工中的连续作业系统，包括装载沥青的自卸卡车、沥青摊铺机和随后的压路机，它们连续作业以确保道路表面平整。

起重机在建筑工地上的作用是什么？

起重机用于提升和移动重物，如梁或混凝土管。根据作业环境的不同，有多种类型的起重机，包括全地形起重机、越野起重机、履带起重机和塔式起重机等。

什么是混凝土泵，它在混凝土施工中的作用是什么？

混凝土泵用于将混凝土泵送到难以用卡车到达的工地位置，通常配备有巨大的悬臂。由于混凝土的密度是水的两倍以上，这些泵在极高的压力下工作，有时超过大气压的100倍。

地下施工中使用的打桩机和打桩机有什么区别？

打桩机用于钻非常深的孔，放入钢筋笼后灌注混凝土来安装桩基，而打桩机则通过反复撞击木制、钢制或混凝土桩来将它们沉入土中到所需深度。

Outlines

00:00

🏗️ 建筑工程中的重型机械

本段落介绍了建筑工程中使用的大型机械，强调了这些机械在建设过程中的重要性。提到了挖掘机的多功能性，它们不仅是挖掘工具，还可以作为提升机、推土机、起重机和破碎机使用。接着讨论了滑移装载机的灵活性，它们可以快速更换工具头，适应不同的工作需求。装载机主要用于短距离运输土壤和岩石，而自卸卡车则用于长距离运输。还提到了在困难地形中使用的铰接式自卸卡车、刮土机、反铲挖掘机、推土机和沟渠挖掘机等。每种机械都有其特定的用途和操作环境，这些工具的多样性和专业性是完成大型建筑工程的关键。

05:02

🛣️ 道路建设与维护设备

这一段落专注于道路建设和维护所使用的机械设备。首先介绍了平地机，它主要用于道路工程，具有长轴距，适合精确平整地面。接着是压路机，它们用于压实土壤和沥青，以防止地面沉降。沥青摊铺机负责将热沥青均匀铺设在路面上，而滑模机则用于连续浇筑混凝土道路和路缘石。段落还提到了铣刨机，它用于去除磨损的路面层。此外，还介绍了一些非车辆类设备，如照明塔、空气压缩机和发电机，以及用于起重和搬运材料的起重机械，如管道层、伸缩臂叉车、升降机、云梯车和各种起重机。每种设备都有其特定的用途和操作环境，对于道路建设和维护至关重要。

10:07

🏭 基础建设与特殊机械

本段落探讨了基础建设和特定工程项目中使用的特殊机械。首先介绍了打桩机和打桩机，它们用于在地下深处安装支撑结构。接着讨论了混凝土相关的机械，如搅拌车、混凝土泵和移动式搅拌站。还提到了用于在斜坡或垂直表面上施工的喷射混凝土机。对于已经建成区域的新管线安装，定向钻孔机是必不可少的。此外，还介绍了一些特殊用途的机械，如土壤钉机、灌浆站、wick排水机、管道内衬修复设备和隧道掘进机。这些机械展示了建筑行业中机械的多样性和专业性，以及它们在特定任务中的高效性。

15:09

📺 视频内容与创作者生态

最后一个段落转向视频内容创作和独立创作者的话题。提到了作者对机械的热爱，以及他对特定任务效率高的机械的兴趣。作者提到了Real Engineering频道的Brian制作的关于磁悬浮列车的视频，探讨了为什么尽管技术成熟，世界上只有一条商业高速磁悬浮线路。接着，作者讨论了现代视频内容的趋势，强调了独立创作者制作的内容质量高于传统电视网络。最后，作者提到了Nebula平台，这是一个支持创作者直接通过订阅模式获得观众支持的平台，提供了无广告的视频内容和独家原创系列。作者鼓励观众通过Nebula支持他们喜欢的创作者，并享受更高质量的观看体验。

Keywords

💡挖掘机

挖掘机是一种重型施工设备，用于挖掘土壤和岩石。在视频中，挖掘机被描述为非常多功能的设备，不仅可以挖掘，还可以作为提升机、推土机、起重机和锤子使用。挖掘机的重型钢桶可以与一个人或女性一天的挖掘量相匹配，只需一铲即可完成。

💡滑移装载机

滑移装载机以其多功能性而闻名，通常配备有铲斗，但也可以附加几乎任何类型的工具。视频中提到，滑移装载机在狭小空间内是完美的工具，可以快速转换为装载机、割草机、叉车或钻井设备。

💡装载机

装载机是用于搬运土壤和岩石的一种机器，通常在中心部位有关节，以便更紧密的转弯，并使用前部的大型铲斗进行提升和倾卸。视频中提到，装载机的目的是将材料在短距离内搬运，如施工现场的长度。

💡自卸卡车

自卸卡车用于长途运输，具有大型开放式顶部的货斗，能够承受重复装载各种重型材料。视频中提到，自卸卡车通常具有液压缸，可以将货斗抬起，使其倾斜至陡峭的角度，从而允许材料从后部卸出。

💡刮土机

刮土机是一种用于在大型施工现场移动大量土壤的机器。与从地面装载到自卸卡车不同，这些机器可以一次性完成所有工作。一个巨大的刮刀直接从地面刮到料斗中，然后直接运送到需要的地方，并用液压喷射器卸下。

💡反铲挖掘机

反铲挖掘机是一种结合了挖掘机和装载机功能的设备，非常适合小型工地，因为没有必要同时拥有两台设备。视频中提到，反铲挖掘机在需要同时进行挖掘和装载工作的场合非常有用。

💡推土机

推土机专门用于在地面水平移动物料。虽然它们不能将物料搬运长距离，但可以用其坦克式的履带铺开数吨物料。视频中提到，推土机在平整地面和移动大量物料方面非常有效。

💡沟渠挖掘机

沟渠挖掘机专门用于挖掘长沟，用于管道和公用设施。许多类型的沟渠挖掘机使用类似于巨型链锯的链条，用于挖掘地球。视频中提到，沟渠挖掘机是挖掘管道和公用设施长沟的专用设备。

💡平地机

平地机是一种主要用于道路工程的土方工具，其超长的轮距使其非常适合精确平整表面和平整颠簸，留下一个平滑的坡度。视频中提到，平地机在道路建设中用于确保土壤正确放置并压实，以防止随时间沉降。

💡压路机

压路机是用于压实土壤的主要工具，以确保其不会随时间沉降。视频中提到，根据被压实的材料，压路机有几种不同的类型，平滑鼓用于大多数土壤和沥青，而羊脚和垫鼓则最适合用于粘土和淤泥。

Highlights

大型建筑需要大型工具来建造，如道路、水坝、泵站等。

挖掘机因其多功能性而在建筑工地上不可或缺，可以进行挖掘、提升、推动、吊装和锤击。

滑移装载机以其多功能性和能在狭小空间内快速转换工具而著称。

装载机用于短距离运输土壤和岩石，通常具有铰接中心以实现更紧密的转弯。

自卸卡车用于长距离运输，具有液压缸可以倾斜车厢以卸载物料。

铲运机通过一个巨大的刮板直接从地面刮取物料到料斗中，用于大型土方工程。

反铲挖掘机结合了挖掘机和装载机的功能，适合小型工地。

推土机专门用于地面物料的移动，能够用其坦克式履带分散大量物料。

沟渠挖掘机专门用于为管道和公用设施挖掘长沟。

平地机主要用于道路工程，用于精确平整地面和平整颠簸。

压路机用于将土壤压实，以防止随时间沉降，有多种类型适应不同材料。

沥青摊铺机用于铺设热沥青，使用刮板将沥青均匀铺在路基上。

滑模机用于连续铺设混凝土道路、路缘和高速路屏障，无需使用模板。

沥青铣刨机用于去除磨损的路面，通过旋转鼓磨削并移除表面。

施工现场除了轮式或履带式机械，还有许多设备是通过拖车运输或本身就是拖车。

起重机或类似的物料搬运设备用于吊装或移动如梁或混凝土管等大型物体。

混凝土泵车用于将混凝土泵送到难以用卡车到达的工地位置。

移动式混凝土搅拌站可以在需要大量混凝土的工地现场混合混凝土。

喷射混凝土机使用压缩空气将混凝土喷涂到各种表面上。

定向钻孔机用于在已建成区域安装新的或额外的公用设施管线，避免挖掘沟渠。

隧道掘进机使用复杂的切割工具和支护安装设备高效地挖掘全尺寸隧道。

Transcripts

We talk about a lot of big structures on this  channel. But, it takes a lot of big tools to build  

the roads, dams, sewage lift stations, and every  other part of the constructed environment. To me,  

there’s almost nothing more fun than watching  something get built, and that’s made all the  

better when you know what all those machines  do. So, in this episode, we’re going to try  

something a little bit different. I’m Grady, and  this is Practical Engineering. Let’s get started!

[musical transition]

A big part of construction is just shifting around  soil and rock. If you’ve ever had to dig a hole,  

you know how limited human effort is in  moving earth. Almost no major job site is  

complete without at least one excavator because  they’re just so versatile. Depending on size,  

the heavy steel bucket of an excavator  can match an entire day’s digging of one  

guy or girl with a single scoop.  But excavators get used for more  

than just digging. They are a lifter,  pusher, crane, and hammer all in one.

A skid steer is second only to an excavator  when it comes to versatility. These little  

machines are often equipped with a bucket, but  you can attach almost any type of tool as well.  

While there are often purpose built  machines that can do the same job,  

none of them can convert from loader to mower  to forklift to drill rig quite so quickly,  

and in tight confined spaces, a  skid steer is the perfect tool.

A loader is one in many machines  meant to carry soil and rock across  

a distance. They’re often articulated in  the center for tighter turns and use a  

large bucket on the front for lifting and dumping.  

They’re meant to carry materials over short  distances, like the length of a construction site.

Longer hauls use a dump truck. These trucks  feature a large open-topped tub meant to withstand  

repeated loading with various heavy materials. A  typical dump truck features a hydraulic cylinder  

that can lift the bed, tilting it at a steep  angle and allowing material to dump out of the  

back.. Since dump trucks carry heavy loads, lots  of them have auxiliary axles that can be lowered  

to distribute the weight over more tires and keep  the truck in compliance with roadway and bridge  

weight limits. Articulated haulers are dump  trucks used in off-road and difficult terrain.

If you want to move a lot of soil  around a large construction site,  

another option is a scraper. Rather than  loading from the ground into a dump truck,  

these machines do it all in one. A huge  blade scrapes directly from the ground into  

a hopper. It’s carried directly to where it’s  needed and unloaded with a hydraulic ejector,  

and these are often used on large  embankments like for highways and dams.

Another Swiss army knife of the construction yard  

is the backhoe that is kind of a  combination excavator and loader.  

Great for small sites where it doesn’t  make sense to have two pieces of equipment.

And don’t forget the bulldozer that specializes in  moving material at ground level. They can’t move  

material over large distances, but they can spread  out literal tons with their tank-like tracks.

The last stop on the digging train is the  trencher. There are a huge variety of styles  

and sizes, but ultimately they all specialize  in digging long holes for pipes and utilities.  

Many use a tooth chain like a  giant chainsaw for the Earth!

By the way, there are about a hundred  different colloquial names for almost  

every piece of large equipment.  Different sites, suppliers, regions,  

and countries use different words for the same  machine; it’s part of the fun. One easy tip to  

sound like a pro is just to add the drive  style to the front of the name. It’s not  

a loader, it’s a wheel loader, or a tracked  excavator and so on. Now let’s hit the road.

Roadwork is something we’ve all seen, and  while it can be a bit frustrating if you’re  

stuck in a traffic jam from it, roads might be  the largest engineered structures on earth. Our  

modern lives depend on them, and it takes  some pretty cool tools to get them built.

A grader is technically an earthwork tool,  

but it’s used mostly on roadways. The extra  long wheelbase makes it well suited for  

precisely leveling surfaces and evening  out bumps, leaving a nice even grade.

Once all that soil is in the right place,  it needs to be solidified so it doesn’t  

settle over time. A roller compactor  is the main tool for this job. There  

are a few varieties of these depending on the  material being compacted. Smooth drums are used  

for most soils and asphalt. Sheep’s foot and  padded drums have protrusions that work best  

on clay and silt. Pneumatic tire rollers are  best to knead and seal the surface. And a lot  

of roller compactors have a vibration  feature to shake the soil into place.

An asphalt paver is the machine where  the road meets the road. Hot asphalt  

is loaded into the machine, which  spreads it into an even layer onto  

the subgrade using a screed. Many  paving machines have a wand that  

follows a stringline as a reference to the  exact elevation required for the roadway.

If we’re talking about making a road out  of concrete, then the tool for the job is  

a slip former. It’s usually more efficient and  produces better quality of work when paving,  

curbs, and highway barriers are installed  continuously rather than building forms and  

casting them in batches. Careful control  of the mix makes it possible for a slip  

form machine to create long concrete  structures without any formwork at all.

If we just added another layer of pavement to  the road every time it started to wear out,  

pretty soon, we’d have walls! Roads are  designed to be extraordinarily tough,  

so removing the top layer isn’t easy. That’s  a job for an asphalt mill or planer. These  

specialized tools grind and remove the  surface with a large rotating drum. The  

material is routed up a conveyor system and  can be loaded into a following dump truck.

It’s actually fairly common to see multiple  vehicles following one another in roadwork  

like this. An interesting example is  the so-called paving train. On one end,  

we have a dump truck full of asphalt fresh from  the plant. This is loaded into the asphalt paver,  

which continuously lays a layer of asphalt that  is then compacted by one or more rollers. Workers  

on the ground also continuously monitor the  process to ensure a nice even road surface.

Not everything at a construction site  is a machine with wheels or tracks.  

A lot of equipment gets hauled in on a trailer,  or is a trailer itself. A light tower lets you  

work outside of daylight hours, illuminating the  site so you can work at night or underground.  

An air compressor enables the use of lots  of tools on a job site, like jackhammers,  

sandblasters, and painting rigs. If you need  electric power instead of compressed air,  

diesel generators offer access to power  when grid service isn’t available.

So far, the actual material we’ve seen is in bulk  like earth or asphalt. Often in construction,  

the materials we need to lift or move  are objects like girders or concrete  

pipes. For that you need a crane or  similar material-handling equipment.

This is a pipe layer. The name is a bit confusing  since the workers that operate them are also  

often called pipe layers. And it's no surprise  what kind of jobs they do. They specialize in  

handling large sections of pipe and precisely  lowering them and placing them into trenches.

A telescopic handler, or a telehandler  or teleporter is like an all-terrain  

forklift. The boom can have attachments  like a bucket, pallet forks, or a winch,  

and it telescopes to make it easy to deliver  materials and equipment exactly where you need it.

If you happen to be the load that needs  elevating, then you’ll need a boom lift  

or its cousin, the scissor lift. The operator  of these controls the platform while standing  

on it, allowing for very positioning  of people that’s much more precise,  

and usually safer, than a ladder. Another  relative of the boom lift is a bucket truck  

which has a boom lift in the back, used a  lot of electric and utility work on poles.

Stepping up in size, we have  road-rated all-terrain cranes.  

If you’ve passed a giant crane driving  down the highway, it was one of these,  

since most other types of cranes have to be  hauled to a site in pieces and assembled.

As the name implies, all-terrain  cranes don’t require perfectly level,  

paved surfaces to get to work. However,  if your job site is particularly rough,  

you need a rough-terrain crane. The giant  rubber tires on these mean you’ll need to  

have them transported, but once rolling, they can  go where highway-rated vehicles might struggle.

If the crane you’re looking at is mounted  on tracks, you’ve got a crawler crane. These  

heavy-duty cranes, while slower and bulkier than  all-terrain cranes and also requiring modular  

transport to job sites, can carry immense loads  and extend to even greater heights than any of the  

cranes we’ve seen so far. Most crawler cranes can  be configured according to the job with different  

lengths of booms, amounts of counterweight,  and extensions called jibs. A particularly fun  

configuration is for demolition where a crawler  crane might be fitted with a wrecking ball.

Most can move from place to place, but not  all. Tower cranes use large counterbalanced  

horizontal booms with an integrated operator cab  on top of a large, well… tower. Like most of the  

cranes we’ve seen so far, these come in a wide  range of sizes but can be absolutely enormous,  

almost a construction project themselves  requiring other cranes for assembly.

One way to build bridges uses a specialized  crane called a launching gantry. You may  

have heard the term gantry before for a  bridgelike overhead crane. These are in  

all kinds of industries. A launching  gantry uses the existing structure  

of the bridge as a base and often lifts  whole pre-built sections of the bridge.

Turning from the sky and looking underground,  

let’s talk about a few  foundation-specific machines.

The biggest and heaviest structures are supported  on bedrock or some deeper geological layer. Even  

if the usable soil is just clay for hundreds  of feet, sinking deep subterranean columns  

or piles below a heavy structure can keep it  from settling too much over time. One way to  

install a pile is to dig a very deep hole, place  a reinforcing steel cage in the hole, then fill  

the whole thing with concrete. This is the exact  job that a pile drill rig is designed to do. These  

large-scale drills are pretty closely related to  the machines used for oil and gas exploration.

Another way to install piles is  to drive them into the earth,  

the job of a pile driver. Just like the name  implies, they repeatedly strike wooden, steel,  

or concrete piles to sink  them to the required depth.

Speaking of concrete, there’s a whole  subset of construction machines that are  

specifically designed to handle, transport,  and place this important material. You’ve  

probably seen a mixer truck before, and I’ll  forgive you for calling them cement trucks,  

even though cement is just one of  the ingredients of a concrete mix.  

The truck can be loaded with dry materials  and water, and the mixing occurs en route to  

the job site, since concrete generally has  a limited time before it begins to cure.

Concrete is often placed directly from the truck  using a chute, but that’s not always the easiest  

way. Concrete pumps are used to pump concrete to  job site locations that are hard to access with  

a truck, often with a huge overhead boom. Since  concrete is more than twice as dense as water,  

these pumps operate at extremely high pressures,  sometimes over 100 times atmospheric pressure!

Finishing concrete is mostly a hand-tool job, but  there are some machines for big jobs, like ride-on  

trowels, that speed up the job of floating  a slab smooth once it has started to set up.

Big jobs with lots of concrete might just  mix it onsite with a mobile batching plant.  

This is helpful if you need to produce vast  volumes of concrete over a long period in a  

way that would be too inconvenient or maybe  even impossible for mixer trucks to handle.

Sometimes concrete needs to be placed on a sloped  or vertical surface to stabilize a rock face,  

shore up a tunnel, or even just install a pool!  The catch-all term for the various varieties of  

sprayed concrete is shotcrete (although some  pool installers might disagree). Shotcrete  

machines use compressed air to apply concrete to  all kinds of surfaces in the construction world.

When projects require the installation of new  or additional utility lines in areas that are  

already built up, the traditional method of  digging trenches isn’t feasible. This kind of  

job calls for a directional drilling machine.  While these are technically boring tools,  

they are anything but uninteresting.  I actually have a dedicated video just  

to talk about how they work, and  specifically how they steer that  

bit below the ground. Go check that out  after this if you want to learn more.

Hopefully there have been a few machines in the  list so far that are new to you, but if not,  

I have a few more specialized machines you  might be lucky enough to spot on a site:

Fans of the channel might recognize a soil nail  rig, a specialized machine that drills out more  

or less horizontal shafts in an earthen slope and  then adds soil nails to greatly enhance stability.

Jobs that require grout often use mobile batch  plants, called grout plants. You can even inject  

ground into the ground at high pressures using a  hydraulic pump to fill voids and stabilize soils.

A wick drain machine installs prefabricated  vertical drains into the soil at regular  

intervals to speed up drainage of water  in clay soils which helps speed up the  

inevitable settling of the soil so  construction can get started faster.

One option for repairing existing pipelines in  place without trenching is cured-in-place pipe  

lining. Inverting a liner impregnated with  epoxy-resin into an existing pipeline using  

air pressure essentially puts a brand  new pipe inside an old or damaged line. 

One of the least boring machines that  you’d be really lucky to see above ground  

is a tunnel boring machine. These behemoths use a  complicated face of various cutting tools followed  

by a material removal and shoring installation  apparatus to efficiently bore full scale tunnels!

Obviously I can’t be exhaustive here. The  construction industry is just full of machines.  

There is such a variety in the type and scale of  projects that manufacturers are always coming up  

with new and improved equipment that can get a  particular job done better. And lots of industries  

outside of construction use heavy machinery,  including mines, oil and gas, and railroads.  

Let me know what you think I missed or if you  want a similar list within a different industry.  

But I think this is a good starting point  for any burgeoning construction spotter,  

and I hope it’s exhaustive enough that if  you see something that didn’t make the list,  

you can puzzle out its purpose on your  own. That part of the satisfaction of  

construction spotting anyway, so get out there  and see what kinds of machines you can find.

I am obviously fascinated by the machines  that both build and make up our constructed  

environment, from the oldest to the most  modern. I think it’s interesting that a  

lot of the differences we see in vehicles  comes down to how efficient they are at  

doing a very specific task. For example, my  friend Brian from the Real Engineering channel  

just released a video all about maglev trains, and  he explains why there is only one commercial high  

speed maglev line in the world, even though  the technology seems ready to revolutionize  

train travel. I had no idea how travel time  factors into the economics of these projects.

Maybe you’ve noticed what I have over the past  few years: my old favorite TV networks are just  

running reality shows, and the best video content  that I actually enjoy watching is being made my  

independent creators. There’s just something  different about a small team who is passionate  

about their topic instead of being told what to  do by some studio executive looking at ratings  

numbers. You can catch the Real Engineering video  on maglev trains on YouTube when it comes out  

eventually, but if you want to watch it right now  (with no ads), you’ll have to head over to Nebula.

You’ve heard me talk about Nebula before. It’s the  answer to the question of what could happen if the  

best channels on YouTube didn’t have to cater to  an algorithm. Viewers support creators directly  

through a subscription instead of supporting  their advertisers. And it just keeps getting  

better and better: totally ad-free videos from  excellent educational channels, original series  

and specials that can’t be found anywhere else,  and even classes from your favorite creators like  

Sam from Wendover Productions and Jet Lag. And  right now, you can get 40% off an annual plan  

by using the link below. That’s less than $3 a  month, much less than other streaming platforms.  

My videos go live on Nebula the day before they  come out on YouTube. If watching videos like this  

one is what you do for fun, you should upgrade  your experience, especially when it’s practically  

free like it is right now at the link below. Thank  you for watching, and let me know what you think!