READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY- MEANING OF HISTORY,SOURCES OF HISTORICAL DATA & HISTORICAL CRITICISM
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the significance of history, emphasizing its essence beyond mere memorization of dates and facts. It introduces historiography, the critical analysis of historical writing, and the importance of primary and secondary sources in understanding Philippine history. The script discusses credibility, authenticity, and provenance, and touches on the role of historians in interpreting historical evidence. It also explores external and internal criticisms used to assess the reliability of historical sources. The video highlights various repositories like the National Archives of the Philippines and the National Museum, which safeguard historical documents and artifacts, crucial for preserving the nation's cultural heritage.
Takeaways
- 📚 The unit introduces the meaning of history and its significance in society, emphasizing the importance of understanding the discipline's role.
- 🔍 It discusses the basis of historical data, distinguishing between primary and secondary sources, which is crucial for understanding the authenticity and reliability of historical records.
- 🏛️ Primary sources are original materials created during the time of the event by participants, such as documents, memorabilia, and diaries.
- 📚 Secondary sources are interpretations or analyses of primary sources, often created by historians or researchers who did not directly experience the event.
- 🕵️♂️ The script highlights the importance of internal and external criticisms to assess the credibility and authenticity of historical sources.
- 🏛️ External criticism involves verifying the physical characteristics of historical evidence, such as language use and material consistency with the period.
- 🔎 Internal criticism examines the content of the material, including its truthfulness and the reasons behind its creation.
- 🏛️ The script mentions various repositories of primary sources in the Philippines, including the National Archives, National Library, National Historical Commission, and the National Museum.
- 🌟 The National Archives of the Philippines is responsible for preserving and promoting the country's cultural heritage and national identity through archival documents.
- 🏛️ The National Museum of the Philippines acquires and documents historical and cultural artifacts for preservation and education on national identity.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of Unit 1 in the study of Philippine history?
-Unit 1 focuses on the meaning of history, the significance of this discipline in society, and introduces the basis of historical data.
What are the two types of sources discussed in the script for understanding history?
-The script discusses primary and secondary sources as the two types of historical data.
What is the difference between primary and secondary sources in historical study?
-Primary sources are materials produced during the time of the event by participants, such as government records or diaries, while secondary sources are created by someone who uses a primary source as the subject of their material, such as newspaper articles or books.
What are the three aspects of evaluating historical sources mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions credibility, authenticity, and provenance as the three aspects of evaluating historical sources.
Why is it important to consider other forms of historical sources beyond written documents?
-It is important to consider other forms of historical sources because traditional reliance on written documents can discriminate against social classes that may not have been able to record their own experiences, leading to potential gaps and inconsistencies in historical records.
What is historiography and how does it relate to the study of history?
-Historiography is the study of the methods of history itself, including the analysis and interpretation of historical writing, which helps in critiquing the content and determining its basis or authenticity.
How do historians ensure their biases do not affect their judgment of historical facts?
-Historians employ methods to detoxify their biases, ensuring they do not blind their judgment when analyzing historical facts.
What is the role of the National Archives of the Philippines in preserving historical data?
-The National Archives of the Philippines is responsible for preserving and promoting the country's cultural heritage and national identity by storing and managing archival documents that attest to the nation's history.
What are the functions of the National Library of the Philippines in relation to historical data?
-The National Library of the Philippines collects and preserves documents of national interest and importance, including books, periodicals, films, and other materials that contribute to the understanding of Philippine history.
What is the function of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines?
-The National Historical Commission of the Philippines promotes Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, site management, and heraldry works.
How does the National Museum of the Philippines contribute to the understanding of history?
-The National Museum of the Philippines acquires and documents historical and cultural artifacts for preservation and education on national identity, contributing to the understanding of history through the display and interpretation of these artifacts.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to the Study of History
This paragraph introduces the unit on the meaning of history, emphasizing the importance of understanding history's significance in society. It discusses the need to explore historical data sources, including primary and secondary sources, and the importance of evaluating their authenticity and reliability. The learning objectives include grasping the concept of history, identifying different types of sources, and comparing internal and external criticisms. The paragraph also touches on historiography, which is the study of the methods used by historians to write history, and the challenges of focusing on memorization over understanding the essence of historical events.
🔍 Understanding Primary and Secondary Sources
Paragraph 2 delves into the distinction between primary and secondary sources in historical research. Primary sources are original materials created during the time of the event by participants, such as documents, memorabilia, government records, and personal accounts. Secondary sources, on the other hand, are interpretations or analyses of primary sources, often created by those who did not directly experience the event. The paragraph also introduces the concepts of internal and external criticism, which are methods used by historians to evaluate the credibility and authenticity of historical sources.
🏛️ Repositories of Primary Sources
Paragraph 3 focuses on the repositories that house primary sources, which are crucial for preserving historical evidence. It mentions various institutions such as the National Archives of the Philippines, which is responsible for preserving the nation's historical documents, and the National Library, which collects and preserves documents of national interest. The National Historical Commission of the Philippines is also highlighted for its role in promoting historical research and conservation. The paragraph underscores the importance of these repositories in maintaining the authenticity and accessibility of primary sources for educational and research purposes.
🌟 The Role of Disciplines in Historical Study
This paragraph explores the relationship between history and other disciplines such as archaeology, linguistics, sociology, psychology, biology, and biochemistry. It explains how each discipline contributes to the understanding of history by providing different perspectives and methods of analysis. Archaeology, for instance, uncovers physical evidence of past human activity, while linguistics traces the evolution of languages. Sociology examines the development and structure of human societies, psychology delves into human behavior, and biology and biochemistry study the interactions between organisms and their environment.
📖 Conclusion on Historical Data and Criticism
The final paragraph summarizes the key points discussed in the video script, which include the meaning of history, the sources of historical data, and the importance of historical criticism. It reiterates the significance of understanding the nature of historical events and the methods used to study them. The paragraph concludes by thanking the viewers for their attention, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to the study of history that includes various disciplines and critical analysis of sources.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡History
💡Historiography
💡Primary Sources
💡Secondary Sources
💡Credibility
💡Authenticity
💡Provenance
💡External Criticism
💡Internal Criticism
💡Repositories
💡Archaeology
Highlights
Introduction to the meaning of history and its significance in society.
Discussion on the basis of historical data, including primary and secondary sources.
Explaining the importance of understanding criticisms in historical studies.
Defining credibility, authenticity, and provenance in the context of historical sources.
History defined as the study of past events and their causes.
Historiography as the study of the methods and practices of writing history.
The role of written documents in traditional historical event validation.
The limitations of relying solely on written texts and the need for other forms of historical sources.
Historians' responsibility in analyzing, interpreting, and organizing historical facts.
The influence of historians' environment and education on their work.
Methods employed by historians to minimize biases in their judgments.
Interrelation of history with other disciplines like archaeology, linguistics, and sociology.
Definition and examples of primary sources in historical research.
Definition and examples of secondary sources in historical research.
External criticism as the verification of historical evidence through physical characteristics.
Internal criticism as the examination of the content's truthfulness in historical materials.
Repositories of primary sources and their roles in preserving historical data.
The functions and significance of the National Archives of the Philippines.
The role of the National Library of the Philippines in collecting and preserving documents of national interest.
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines' role in promoting Philippine history and cultural heritage.
The National Museum of the Philippines' function in acquiring and documenting historical and cultural artifacts.
Transcripts
good day students of janet do greetings
in philippine history welcome to our
discussion for today
unit 1
the meaning of history
sources of historical data and
historical quidditch assembly
so overview
this unit introduces the meaning of
history
and significance of this discipline in
the society so we have
to discuss the basis of historical data
the primary and secondary sources the
criticisms
whether internal or external acquities
exams so that readers may assert them
the authenticity and reliability of the
primary sources as readings to
understand the philippine history
learning objectives
at the end of this unit you will be able
to
understand the meaning and relevance of
the study of history
identify primary and secondary sources
and compare internal and external
criticisms
and the third one
know how to analyze
the credibility
authenticity
and the provenance when we speak of
credibility
uh we are talking of the quality of
being convincing or believable or
reliable
authenticity we speak of the genuineness
and the originality and for the
provenance we speak of the place of
origin
history is the study of events
that happened in the past and the causes
of those events
but this is what is lacking in our study
of history the essence of history
most of the time in our discussion of
history
and even in the assessment of history we
focus
on the dates
places and names of persons
that is why we often said and here after
history
why
because we simply memorize
kite support examiner in detail predict
memorize because what exam questions are
situational
so while history is the study of past
events
historiography deals with the study of
history itself
so
it is the study of historical writing
and from this
we learn to criticize you know the
content of the writing
whether or not it has basis or it is
purely
hearsay
traditional historians believe this
historical event should be back up with
written documents so yes and all so an
event that lacks existing materials
cannot be proven as a historical factor
but
considering only the written texts
discriminating
okay against the social classes
that may not be able to record their own
experiences
and because of this enormous happening
at an american
loophole mention
inconsistencies you know
that is why historians started to
consider other forms of historical
sources
that is now acceptable as part of
history as part of the evidence
okay and historians can write history
through historical threads of
evidence
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and of course they are responsible for
the analysis interpretations and
organizations of
facts
however by the natives have been
historians
they are being influenced at all by the
environment
predating education
and of course other circumstances
s
and this
subjectivity
poses an issue on the validity of claims
towards historical
facts and okay uh the reason why
historians know they employ a method
to ensure that the historians
biases
do not
blind
his judgment you know so historians need
to detox
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history in relation to other disciplines
so the first one we have archaeology
a study that raises relevant events to
pieces of
evidence okay so as what you can see on
the picture
selena group rise and and that is what
archaeology is all about you know it is
the study of human history through
excavation of sites and the analysis
of artifacts and of course other
physical remains
so artifacts are not these are the
objects made by human beings
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okay so next night in linguistics
evolution of languages through
history so marriage and evolution so
compassionate develop
for quite young linguistics
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sociology
as the study of society and
culture okay
so the study of the development
the structure
of function of the human society
including of course
as part of the study of sociology
next discipline is
psychology
psychology and history both study
the human condition right okay so the
topic
human mind you know including its
functions
especially
behavioral
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it can be also a group of
people
next night and of course biology and not
focus on the building of links among
organisms and their
environment
and
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letter f biochemistry relates quickly to
the understanding of the whole organism
as well as understanding society so this
is the branch of science you know that
is concerned with the chemical
physiochemical processes
and the substances that occur within
the living organism
lesson number two distinction of primary
choices and secondary resources and of
course external and internal criticism
primary sources or sources produced
while the past event was happening
usually by actors of history themselves
such as government institutions or
revolutionary leaders
okay so example
non-primary sources particularly
documents
memorabilia
including government records of course
you know
sensors
pictures
diaries
autobiography
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so
these are all considered as primary
sources
so secondary sources are sources
produced by someone who has used a
primary source as the subject of
the material
okay so example nothing on a secondary
sources
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you newspaper
articles
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these are only considered as secondary
sources
so next nut and are you including
systems and also we have internal and
external criticism so let's start with
external criticism so it is the process
of verifying historical evidence through
its physical characteristics and
analyzing its material consistency
with the period it was produced so when
we speak of criticism it is the
expression or our expression of
disapproval
of something or someone yeah okay so
in external criticism
this includes the analysis of the
language use
and of course the physical
characteristics
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so it is only
superficial
the next one internal criticism
is the examination of the content of the
material including its truthfulness
okay so this includes you know your
analysis
and
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okay
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the reason for which something is done
okay okay
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so
lesson number 39 repositories are
primary sources and different kinds of
primary sources
okay
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certificate
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and of course to keep the information
safe and also that i am nothing
my information
is
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national archives of
the philippines so it is in charge of
preserving and promoting flipping
cultural heritage and national identity
also stores and manages archival
documents that attest to the history of
the nation and it is located at united
nations avenue manila okay and when we
speak of
the documents that attest to the history
if it's ability it provides us a clear
evidence a lot to
the history
okay so
international archives you cannot go on
it or senior security documents
national archives are the philippines
so next repository is national library
of the philippines so we are all
familiar with
the wood library and over
in we can see collection of books and
other periodicals you know including
films and other materials that can be
stored in the library okay so
what is the very function of the
national library so it is simply to
collect
and to preserve documents of national
interest and importance
another one is the national historical
commission of
the philippines and also it is the
government agency that promotes
philippine history
and cultural heritage through
research dissemination conservation
site management and heraldry
works so what is the function of a
national historical commission of the
philippines so
it simply promotes the philippine
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national historical commission of the
philippines
and our last repository we have the
national museum of
the philippines you know so
national museum of the philippines
acquires and documents historical
and cultural artifacts such as
archaeological specimens
and canonical works of art not only for
preservation but also for
education on national
identity so you're not so preservation
and of course young education
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history
national museum of anthropology
national museum of natural history and
national
planetariums
it's a national museum complex
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you know
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and of course they are the one who also
exhibits you know
and
the other one is
not proper mode for
educational
purposes
[Music]
okay so
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the meaning of history the sources of
historical data and historical criticism
so thank you for watching
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