Sistem Konstitusi [4]

Summary

The video discusses the changes in state institutions after the amendments to the Indonesian constitution. It explains how various state bodies, including the MPR (People's Consultative Assembly), DPR (House of Representatives), DPD (Regional Representative Council), and others, have evolved in terms of functions and authority. New institutions like the Constitutional Court and Judicial Commission were introduced to protect the constitution and maintain judicial integrity. The video also highlights the separation of powers and the role of different institutions in ensuring balanced governance through checks and balances, focusing on their contributions to democracy and constitutional law.

Takeaways

• 🛑 After constitutional amendments, the structure of state institutions in Indonesia changed, with new institutions emerging and the roles of existing ones evolving.
• 🏛️ There is no longer a distinction between 'highest' and 'high' state institutions. Each institution now has specific tasks, functions, and authorities.
• 🗳️ The MPR (People's Consultative Assembly) is composed of members from the DPR (House of Representatives) and DPD (Regional Representative Council), with all members being elected through elections.
• ⚖️ New institutions, such as the Constitutional Court and Judicial Commission, were established to maintain constitutional integrity and judicial ethics.
• 🔄 The President is directly elected by the people, with the government divided into provincial and regional levels, no longer distinguishing between level 1 and level 2 regions.
• ⚖️ The concept of separation of powers has expanded beyond the traditional executive, legislative, and judicial branches to include six areas of authority in Indonesia, including legislative power, executive power, judicial power, financial auditing, and monetary control.
• 📜 The DPR holds legislative power, creating laws in coordination with the President, but requires mutual approval for decisions.
• 🔍 The Judicial power is shared by the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and Judicial bodies, overseeing the constitutionality of laws and legal disputes.
• 💰 The Financial Auditing power lies with the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK) to ensure proper budget management.
• 🏦 Monetary power is controlled by the central bank, managing the country's monetary policies and financial system.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the script?

The script focuses on the changes in state institutions in Indonesia after constitutional amendments, explaining the functions, roles, and powers of new and existing institutions.

What significant change occurred in Indonesia's state institutions after the amendment?

After the amendment, the structure of state institutions changed, with new institutions being established, the roles of old institutions being modified, and the elimination of the terms 'highest state institutions' and 'high state institutions'.

How are members of the MPR (People's Consultative Assembly) selected after the amendment?

Members of the MPR are now elected through general elections. It consists of members from the DPR (House of Representatives) and DPD (Regional Representative Council), with some representing political parties and others representing individual provinces.

What is the function of the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) mentioned in the script?

The Constitutional Court is a new institution tasked with upholding the integrity of the constitution. It conducts judicial reviews to ensure that laws do not contradict the constitution.

What role does the Judicial Commission (Komisi Yudisial) play according to the script?

The Judicial Commission is a new institution responsible for maintaining the integrity of judges in Indonesia.

How is the power of governance divided after the amendments?

The power of governance is divided into six branches: constitutional amendment power (held by the MPR), executive power (held by the President), legislative power (held by the DPR), judicial power (held by the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court), financial auditing power (held by the Audit Board/BPK), and monetary power (held by the Central Bank).

What is the role of the DPR (House of Representatives) in lawmaking after the amendment?

The DPR holds legislative power and is responsible for creating laws. However, it must collaborate with the President for final approval, meaning both the DPR and President work together in the legislative process.

How are executive powers defined in the new structure post-amendment?

Executive powers are vested in the President, who is directly elected by the people. Regional governance has also changed, with authority divided between provincial and district/city levels.

What is the significance of the Central Bank in the new structure?

The Central Bank holds monetary power, highlighting its crucial role in managing the country's financial stability and monetary policies.

What happens if the President or Vice President is deemed unfit to continue their role?

If the DPR believes the President or Vice President is unfit, the matter is brought to the Constitutional Court, where a decision is made. If the President or Vice President is found guilty, the MPR will vote to either dismiss or allow them to continue in office.