Pembuatan Kladogram
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, the host WT Dwiningsih explores the concept of a cladogram, a branching diagram illustrating the relationships among species based on shared characteristics. The video guides viewers through the process of creating a cladogram, starting with describing species' traits, then using Venn diagrams to cluster similar characteristics, and finally constructing the cladogram itself. The example used involves grouping a snake, chicken, goat, and cat, highlighting the closer kinship between the goat and cat compared to the snake. The video concludes with an invitation to learn about viruses in the next episode, encouraging viewers to like and subscribe for more.
Takeaways
- đ The script discusses the creation of a cladogram, a branching diagram that illustrates the relationships between species grouped together.
- đ A cladogram helps to visualize the kinship among species, making it easier to understand their evolutionary relationships.
- đ The process of creating a cladogram involves describing the characteristics of the species, such as the presence of a backbone, the type of locomotive organs, viviparous reproduction, and the presence of molar teeth.
- đ The script provides an example of creating a cladogram for four species: snakes, chickens, goats, and cats.
- đŁ The presence of a backbone is a common characteristic among snakes, chickens, goats, and cats, indicating a shared evolutionary trait.
- đ¶ââïž The ability to move with feet is a characteristic shared by chickens, goats, and cats, but not snakes.
- đŁ Viviparous reproduction is a trait shared by goats and cats, suggesting a closer kinship between these two species.
- đŠ· The presence of molar teeth is a characteristic unique to cats, distinguishing them from the other species in the example.
- đ The script outlines a method to create a Venn diagram or a cladogram by arranging species according to their shared characteristics.
- đ The cladogram shows that the closer to the right on the diagram, the closer the kinship between the species, indicating that goats and cats have a closer relationship than snakes and chickens.
- đ The script concludes with an invitation to like and subscribe for more educational content, and ends with a traditional greeting in Arabic.
Q & A
What is the main topic discussed in the script?
-The main topic discussed in the script is the creation of a cladogram to illustrate the relationships between different species.
What is a cladogram?
-A cladogram is a branching diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among species grouped by shared characteristics.
Why is a cladogram useful in studying species?
-A cladogram is useful because it helps to visualize the relationships of kinship among the grouped species, making it easier to understand their evolutionary connections.
What are the steps mentioned in the script for creating a cladogram?
-The steps mentioned are: 1) Describing each character or trait of the species for the cladogram, 2) Making a Venn diagram or intersection of species traits, and 3) Drawing the cladogram lines to show the relationships.
Which species are used as examples in the script to create the cladogram?
-The species used as examples in the script are the snake, chicken, goat, and cat.
What are the traits or characteristics considered in the script to create the Venn diagram?
-The traits considered are the presence of a backbone, the presence of limb movement apparatus, viviparous reproduction, and the presence of molar teeth.
How does the script suggest placing the species in the Venn diagram?
-The script suggests placing the species according to the circles or traits they possess, with the outermost circle representing the most common trait, which is the backbone in this case.
What does the direction of the cladogram lines indicate in terms of species relationships?
-The direction of the cladogram lines indicates that the further to the right, the closer the kinship relationship, suggesting that species on the right are more closely related.
According to the script, which two species have the closest kinship relationship among the examples given?
-According to the script, the goat and the cat have the closest kinship relationship among the examples given.
What is the conclusion drawn from the cladogram in the script?
-The conclusion drawn is that the goat and the cat have a closer kinship relationship than the snake and the chicken.
What does the script suggest for further discussion after the cladogram topic?
-The script suggests that after discussing the cladogram, the next topic will be about viruses.
Outlines
đż Introduction to Cladograms
The speaker begins by greeting the audience and introducing the topic of biological classification, specifically the creation of a cladogram. A cladogram is a branching diagram that represents the relationships between species grouped together. It is described as a useful tool for visualizing the kinship among species. The speaker then proceeds to explain the process of creating a cladogram, starting with describing the characteristics of the species involved, followed by the construction of the diagram itself. The direction of the branches in the diagram is noted to indicate the closeness of the kinship.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄCladogram
đĄCladistic Dendrogram
đĄKinship
đĄVenn Diagram
đĄCharacteristics
đĄBackbone
đĄLocomotion
đĄViviparous
đĄMolar Teeth
đĄEvolutionary Relationships
Highlights
Introduction to the topic of classifying living organisms and the creation of a cladogram.
Definition of a cladogram as a branching diagram illustrating the relationships between species.
Explanation of the benefits of creating a cladogram to easily see the kinship relationships among grouped species.
The process of creating a cladogram begins with describing the characteristics or traits of the species.
Making a Venn diagram to intersect the species' traits for the cladogram.
The significance of the position on the cladogram, where moving to the right indicates closer kinship.
Selection of species for the cladogram example: snake, chicken, goat, and cat.
Identification of traits to be examined: presence of a backbone, type of locomotion (feet), mode of reproduction (viviparous), and presence of molar teeth.
Tabulation of species traits to determine shared characteristics.
Creating a Venn diagram based on the species' shared traits, starting with the most common trait, the backbone.
Placement of species within the Venn diagram according to their shared traits.
Development of the cladogram line drawing, starting with the most common trait among the four species.
Inclusion of species names on the cladogram line drawing to show their relationships.
Conclusion from the cladogram that the closer to the right, the closer the kinship, indicating a closer relationship between goat and cat than snake and cat.
Encouragement for viewers to like and subscribe for more educational content.
Closing with a thank you and traditional greetings in Arabic.
Transcripts
Hai Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh ketemu lagi dengan saya WT
dwiningsih kali ini kita masih membahas
bab klasifikasi makhluk hidup materi
kali ini adalah pembuatan cladogram Oke
disimak baik-baik ya
Hai kalian tahu nggak apa itu cladogram
cladogram atau cladistic dendrogram
adalah diagram percabangan yang
menggambarkan hubungan kekerabatan
antara spesies-spesies yang
dikelompokkan nah kalian bisa melihat ya
ini adalah contoh dari cladogram
Hai selanjutnya Apa sih manfaat dari
pembuatan cladogram manfaat pembuatan
called cladogram adalah memudahkan kita
melihat Hubungan kekerabatan
spesies-spesies yang kita kelompokkan
nah kali ini kita akan membuat kladogram
ya bagaimana hubungan kekerabatan antara
kucing ular ayam dan kambing hingga
Hai selanjutnya kita melihat cara
membuat kladogram caranya yang pertama
adalah mendeskripsikan setiap karakter
atau ciri spesies yang akan dibuat
cladogram yang kedua membuat diagram
Venn irisan sifat spesies yang mau
dibuat cladogram dan yang ketiga membuat
garis cladogram gadis ini menunjukkan
semakin ke kanan semakin dekat hubungan
kekerabatannya Nah sekarang kita akan
membuat tabel ciri atau sifat dari
spesies yang akan kita buat kladogramnya
spesiesnya itu ada ular kemudian ada
ayam kemudian ada
Ning dan ada kucing
Hai karakter atau sifat yang akan kita
lihat yaitu adanya tulang belakang
adanya alat gerak kaki melahirkan atau
Vivipar kemudian adanya gigi taring kita
lihat ya yang mempunyai tulang belakang
adalah ular ayam kambing dan kucing yang
mempunyai alat gerak kaki ada ayam
kambing dan kucing yang melahirkan ada
kambing dan kucing dan yang mempunyai
gigi taring ada kucing dari tabel
tersebut maka kita akan membuat diagram
Venn atau diagram irisan sifatnya
lingkaran yang paling luar adalah yang
paling banyak yaitu tulang belakang
diikuti oleh gerak kaki kemudian
melahirkan dan gigi taring Nah kita
tempatkan ya spesies sesuai dengan
Nur lingkarannya atau sifatnya yang tadi
ditabel selanjutnya kita akan membuat
garis cladogram Nah kita siapkan dari
seperti ini kemudian kita tulis sifat
yang paling banyak dimiliki oleh keempat
spesies itu berurut sampai yang paling
sedikit jadi dari tulang belakang alat
gerak kaki melahirkan dan gigi taring
dan spesiesnya kita tulis ya ternyata
Ada ular ada alat gerak kaki ada ayam
kemudian kambing dan kucing Nah dari
gambar garis cladogram ini maka bisa
disimpulkan bahwa semakin ke kanan
hubungan kekerabatannya semakin dekat
jadi kambing dan kucing mempunyai
hubungan kekerabatan yang lebih dekat
daripada ular dan kucing
hai oke demikian tadi materi tentang
pembuatan cladogram mudah-mudahan kalian
bisa membuat kladogram ya selanjutnya
kita akan bahas bab yang baru yaitu
virus jangan lupa like dan subscribe ya
terima kasih wassalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
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