BRASIL IMPÉRIO | O que Aconteceu Depois do Grito da Independência?

Summary

The script outlines the Brazilian Empire's history from 1822 to 1889, divided into three phases: the first reign under Dom Pedro I, marked by political turmoil and revolts; the regency period with internal conflicts and power struggles; and the second reign of Dom Pedro II, featuring economic growth, abolitionist movements, and the devastating War of the Triple Alliance. The video concludes with the military coup that ended the empire and established the Brazilian Republic.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The Brazilian Empire lasted from 1822 to 1889, a period of 67 years marked by significant political and social changes.
• 👑 The first reign of the empire began with Dom Pedro I's coronation in 1822 and was characterized by internal conflicts and revolts against his rule.
• 📜 The first Constitution of Brazil was created in 1824, establishing a moderating power for the Emperor in case of conflicts between the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches.
• 🛡️ Dom Pedro I faced external conflicts such as the Cisplatine War in 1825 and internal issues like the Confederation of the Equator in 1824.
• 👶 Dom Pedro I abdicated the throne in favor of his five-year-old son, Dom Pedro II, leading to a regency period due to the young age of the new Emperor.
• 👶👑 The regency period was tumultuous, with power struggles and political instability, including several revolts across different regions of Brazil.
• 👑📜 The second reign of the empire began in 1840 when Dom Pedro II was declared of age at 14, leading to a more peaceful period with significant historical events.
• 🏛️🗳️ Dom Pedro II's reign saw the establishment of a parliamentary system in 1847, with the Emperor choosing the president of the council, akin to a prime minister.
• 🌾 The coffee economy boomed, leading to the expansion of railways and steamships to aid in the circulation of coffee, despite the ongoing dilemma of slave labor.
• ⛓️ The gradual abolition of slavery was marked by several laws, including the Eusébio de Queiroz Law, the Free Womb Law, the Law of the Sexagenarians, and the Golden Law.
• 🔪 The Paraguayan War from 1864 to 1870 was the bloodiest conflict in South American history and had a significant impact on Dom Pedro II's reign.
• 🛑 The end of the Brazilian Empire came with a military coup on November 15, 1889, led by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, which established the Republic of Brazil.

Q & A

What is the period referred to as the 'Brazilian Empire'?

The 'Brazilian Empire' refers to the period from 1822 to 1889, starting with Brazil's independence and ending with the proclamation of the republic.

How many years did the Brazilian Empire last?

The Brazilian Empire lasted for 67 years.

What significant event marked the beginning of the Brazilian Empire?

The Brazilian Empire began with the coronation of Dom Pedro as the Emperor of Brazil in December 1822.

What was the role of the 'poder moderador' in the first Brazilian Constitution?

The 'poder moderador' was a moderating power exercised by the Emperor in case of conflicts between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

What internal conflicts occurred during Dom Pedro I's reign?

During Dom Pedro I's reign, there were internal conflicts such as the Confederation of the Equator in 1824 and the Cisplatine War in 1825.

Why did Dom Pedro I abdicate the throne of Brazil?

Dom Pedro I abdicated the throne of Brazil because the constitution prohibited him from being both the Emperor of Brazil and the King of Portugal at the same time, and he chose to be the latter due to increasing dissatisfaction with his government.

What was the purpose of the Regency period in the Brazilian Empire?

The Regency period was established to govern Brazil until the majority of Dom Pedro II, who was only five years old when his father abdicated.

What were the key events of the Regency period in the Brazilian Empire?

The Regency period was marked by various conflicts and revolts, including the Cabanagem in the Province of Grão Pará, the Farrapos War or Ragamuffin Revolution in the Province of São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul, the Male Revolt in the Province of Bahia, and the Balaiada in the Province of Maranhão.

What was the significance of the 'governo da maioridade' in 1840?

The 'governo da maioridade' was significant because it marked the point at which Dom Pedro II was declared of age at 14, and he began to govern Brazil, starting the second reign of the Brazilian Empire.

What economic changes occurred during the second reign of the Brazilian Empire?

During the second reign, Brazil consolidated as a nation, with coffee becoming the main export product, leading to the development of the first railways and steamships to aid in the circulation of the product.

How did the issue of slavery evolve during the second reign of the Brazilian Empire?

Slavery was gradually abolished through laws such as the Eusébio de Queiroz Law, the Free Womb Law, the Law of the Sexagenarians, and the famous Golden Law, despite resistance from the coffee elite.

What was the most bloody conflict in South American history during the second reign of the Brazilian Empire?

The Paraguayan War from 1864 to 1870 was the most bloody conflict in South American history during the second reign of the Brazilian Empire.

What factors contributed to the end of the Brazilian Empire?

The end of the Brazilian Empire was influenced by conflicts with the church, the military, and the rural elite, as well as the growing support for republican ideals among military officers.

Who was responsible for the coup that established the Republic in Brazil?

Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca was responsible for the coup that established the Republic in Brazil on November 15, 1889.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ The Brazilian Empire: Formation and Early Struggles

This paragraph introduces the Brazilian Empire, which began in 1822 with the country's independence and lasted until the proclamation of the republic in 1889. The period is divided into three phases: the first reign, the regency period, and the second reign. The first reign, from 1822 to 1831, started with Dom Pedro I's coronation as Emperor, followed by revolts and the creation of Brazil's first Constitution in 1824. The Constitution established a moderating power for the Emperor in case of conflicts between the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. The reign was marked by internal conflicts, such as the Confederation of the Equator in 1824 and the Cisplatine War in 1825. Dom Pedro I faced a dilemma when his father, Dom João VI, died in Portugal, as he had not renounced his rights to the Portuguese throne, leading to a power struggle in Portugal. The Emperor's decision to abdicate in favor of his five-year-old son, Dom Pedro II, initiated the regency period, characterized by political instability and power disputes.

05:03

👑 The Regency and Second Reign: Consolidation and Challenges

The second paragraph delves into the regency period, marked by various power struggles and revolts, such as the Cabanagem in Pará, the Farrapos War in Rio Grande do Sul, and the Revolt of the Males in Bahia. Despite these conflicts, the regency period saw the anticipation of Dom Pedro II's majority through a coup, and he began to rule at the age of 14. The second reign, from 1840 to 1889, was relatively more peaceful but not without its defining events. Dom Pedro II established parliamentary rule in 1847, introducing a unique form of parliamentarism where the Emperor chose the president of the council, akin to a prime minister. Economically, coffee became Brazil's main export, leading to the development of railways and steamships. However, the reliance on slave labor created a dilemma, as the elite coffee growers opposed abolition. The government enacted gradual abolition laws, including the Eusébio de Queiroz Law, the Free Womb Law, the Law of the Sexagenarians, and the famous Golden Law. The reign was also marked by the War of the Triple Alliance, the bloodiest conflict in South American history, from 1864 to 1870. Dom Pedro II's conflicts with the church, military, and rural elite eroded support for the throne, culminating in a military coup on November 15, 1889, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, which established the Republic of Brazil.

Keywords

💡Independência

Independência, meaning 'independence' in Portuguese, refers to the political autonomy Brazil achieved from Portugal in 1822. It is a foundational event for the Brazilian Empire period, as it marks the beginning of the country's sovereignty. The script mentions this term when discussing the start of the Brazilian Empire with the coronation of Dom Pedro I.

💡Imperador do Brasil

Imperador do Brasil, or 'Emperor of Brazil,' is a key term that denotes the ruler of the Brazilian Empire. The script refers to Dom Pedro I as the first emperor, who initiated the imperial period, and later Dom Pedro II, who continued the reign after his father's abdication.

💡Primeira Constituição do Brasil

The 'First Constitution of Brazil' was a significant legal document established during the first reign of Dom Pedro I, as mentioned in the script. It defined the early political structure of the empire, including the power moderador, which the emperor could exercise in case of conflicts between the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers.

💡Confederação do Equador

Confederação do Equador refers to an internal conflict within the Brazilian Empire, as highlighted in the script. It was one of the early challenges faced by the empire, illustrating the internal strife during the first reign of Dom Pedro I.

💡Guerra da Cisplatina

Guerra da Cisplatina, or 'Cisplatine War,' was an external conflict mentioned in the script that Brazil engaged in during the first reign. This war exemplifies the international challenges the young empire faced in asserting its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

💡Regência

Regência, meaning 'regency,' is a term used in the script to describe the period of governance in Brazil when Dom Pedro I abdicated in favor of his young son, Dom Pedro II. This term is crucial as it denotes a phase of the empire's history characterized by political instability and power struggles.

💡Golpe da Maioridade

Golpe da Maioridade, or 'Maturity Coup,' refers to the political maneuver in 1840 that declared Dom Pedro II of age to rule, despite his youth. This term is pivotal in the script as it marks the transition to the second reign and the beginning of a more peaceful era in the empire's history.

💡Parlamentarismo

Parlamentarismo, or 'parliamentarism,' is a term used in the script to describe the political system implemented by Dom Pedro II in 1847. It was a form of governance where the emperor chose the president of the council, who functioned similarly to a prime minister, thus introducing a new phase in the empire's political evolution.

💡Lei Áurea

Lei Áurea, or 'Golden Law,' is a landmark legislation mentioned in the script that abolished slavery in Brazil. This law is a cornerstone of the empire's history, reflecting the shift towards more humanitarian and egalitarian values, despite the economic implications for the coffee economy.

💡Guerra do Paraguai

Guerra do Paraguai, or 'Paraguayan War,' is the bloodiest conflict in South American history, as noted in the script. It took place during the second reign and involved Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, showcasing the complex geopolitical dynamics of the time and the high human cost of such conflicts.

💡República

República, or 'Republic,' is the term that signifies the end of the Brazilian Empire, as mentioned in the script. The script describes how the military coup led by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca on November 15, 1889, established the Republic, marking a radical shift in Brazil's political landscape.

Highlights

The Brazilian Empire lasted from 1822 to 1889, a period of 67 years filled with political and social changes.

The period is divided into three phases: the first reign, the regency period, and the second reign.

Dom Pedro I was crowned Emperor of Brazil in 1822, initiating the imperial period.

Revolts and armed conflicts arose in various parts of the country against the new government.

The first Brazilian Constitution was created in 1824, including the power moderador exercised by the Emperor.

Dom Pedro I faced internal conflicts like the Confederation of the Equator and the Cisplatina War.

Dom Pedro I was appointed King of Portugal after the death of Dom João VI, leading to a dispute for the throne.

Due to constitutional restrictions, Dom Pedro I abdicated in favor of his five-year-old son, Dom Pedro II.

A regency was established to govern Brazil until Dom Pedro II came of age, marking the regency period.

The regency period was characterized by power struggles, instability, and various regional conflicts.

Notable conflicts during the regency included the Cabanagem, the Farrapos War, and the Male Revolt.

The Liberal Party proposed to anticipate Dom Pedro II's majority, but the proposal was not approved.

The 'Golpe da Maioridade' in 1840 declared Dom Pedro II of age at 14, starting his rule.

The second reign was more peaceful and included the establishment of a parliamentary system by Dom Pedro II.

Coffee became Brazil's main export, leading to the development of railways and steamships.

Dom Pedro II's government faced the dilemma of abolishing slavery amidst the coffee economy's prosperity.

Gradual abolition of slavery was pursued through laws like the Eusébio de Queiroz Law and the Golden Law.

The Paraguayan War (1864-1870) was the bloodiest conflict in South American history during Dom Pedro II's reign.

Dom Pedro II's conflicts with the church, military, and rural elite led to a loss of support for the throne.

A military coup on November 15, 1889, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, established the Republic of Brazil.

Transcripts

Independência ou espera o que aconteceu

depois que o Brasil se tornou um império

quanto tempo durou este período e quais

foram os momentos mais importantes se

você é assim como eu está curioso para

aprender sobre o Brasil Império Assista

este vídeo

[Música]

Brasil Império é Como chamamos o período

do país que teve início em 1822 através

da Independência e foi até

1889 com a proclamação da república

estes 67 anos de história foram

recheados de mudanças políticas e

sociais Podemos dividir este período em

três fases primeiro reinado período

regencial e segundo reinado prontos para

essa viagem então vamos começar com o

primeiro reinado de 1822 a 1831

em dezembro de 1822 Dom Pedro foi

Coroado Imperador do Brasil iniciando

assim o período imperial mas a situação

não foi aceita facilmente e em alguns

lugares do país houve revoltas e lutas

Armadas de pessoas que não reconheceram

o seu governo

terminadas as batalhas em 1823 o

imperador do Brasil convocou uma

assembleia constituinte para elaborar a

primeira Constituição do Brasil que foi

oficialmente feita apenas em março de

1824 na nova Carta Magna estava o poder

moderador que seria exercido pelo

Imperador em caso de conflito entre os

três poderes legislativo executivo e

judiciário o período do primeiro reinado

foi muito conturbado com o conflitos

internos como a Confederação do Equador

em 1824 e uma guerra externa a guerra da

Cisplatina em 1825 para ajudar em 1826

morreu em Portugal Dom João VI e como

Dom Pedro I não havia renunciado aos

seus direitos de Herdeiro do Trono Ele

foi nomeado Dom Pedro I rei de Portugal

seu irmão Miguel não gostou nada disso

então começou a disputa pelo Trono E

adivinha Miguel deu um golpe em Portugal

e se tornou o rei por aqui as coisas não

estavam muito bem para Dom Pedro I A

violência nas ruas por causa da

insatisfação com seu governo aumentou

demais e como a constituição proibia o

Imperador de ser ao mesmo tempo rei do

Brasil e Rei de Portugal ele precisou

escolher um lado com medo da sua

reputação irá baixo em Portugal Dom

Pedro I decidiu abdicar o trono em favor

do seu filho e herdeiro Dom Pedro II de

apenas cinco anos de idade sim cinco

anos como uma criança poderia governar o

país para solucionar isso foi criada uma

Regência que governaria até a sua

maioridade

e assim entramos no segundo período do

Brasil império o período regencial este

período teve quatro fases Regência Trina

provisória Regência Trina permanente

Regência una liberal e Regência una

conservadora se o primeiro reinado foi

conturbado esperem para ver como foi o

período governado por regências Afinal

esta foi uma época de grandes disputas

de poder e instabilidade política houve

vários conflitos em diversas regiões

Podemos destacar A Cabanagem na

Província do Grão Pará Guerra dos

Farrapos ou Revolução Farroupilha na

província de São Pedro do Rio Grande do

Sul a Revolta dos Malês na província da

Bahia sabe nada na província da Bahia e

Balaiada na Província do Maranhão

estes conflitos tinham reivindicações

diferentes porém havia algo em comum a

insatisfação com o governo Imperial

então para trazer a ordem e evitar a

desintegração do território brasileiro o

partido Liberal propôs a antecipação da

maioridade de Dom Pedro II mas a

proposta não foi aprovada pela câmara

sendo assim em 1840 políticos tramam o

golpe da maioridade e declaram Dom Pedro

II maior de idade aos 14 anos um ano

depois ele começa a governar o Brasil

dando início ao segundo reinado

chegamos ao segundo reinado

1840 a 1889 e trago boas notícias foi um

período mais Pacífico só um pouco e

também um período com acontecimentos

definidores da história do Brasil

primeiro o Brasil se consolida como

nação em 1847 Dom Pedro II implantou o

parlamentarismo que diferente daquele

praticado na Inglaterra era o Imperador

que escolhia o presidente do conselho

que funcionava como um primeiro ministro

por isso ficou conhecido como

parlamentarismo as avessas no plano

econômico o café se tornou o produto

mais exportado pelo Brasil e com isso

chegaram as primeiras ferrovias e barcos

a vapor para auxiliar na circulação do

produto porém em meio a prosperidade

cafeeira o Brasil se encontrava num

dilema o trabalho escravo

desde Dom João VI a promessa de acabar

com a escravidão mas a elite cafeeira

não queria isso mesmo assim havia na

sociedade um movimento forte contra essa

prática como os donos de fazendas

perderiam investimento libertando os

escravizados eles reivindicaram ao

governo o pagamento de uma indenização

por cada escravo liberto mas indenizar

os fazendeiros estava fora de cogitação

por isso o governo promulgou leis que

visaram abolir o trabalho escravo de

forma gradual sendo elas a lei Eusébio

de Queiroz Lei do Ventre livre Lei do

sexagenários e a famosa Lei Áurea o

segundo reinado também ficou marcado

pelo conflito mais sangrento da história

da América do Sul a guerra do Paraguai

1864 a 1870 que aconteceu depois da

invasão do d paraguaio Solano Lopes na

Província do Rio Grande do Sul contando

com a participação da Argentina e do

Uruguai se você quer saber como foi a

guerra mais sangrenta da América do Sul

escreva nos comentários hashtag guerra

do Paraguai ao longo do seu governo Dom

Pedro II se contrapôs com a igreja com

os militares e com a elite Rural tudo

isso foi retirando o apoio das figuras

importantes do país ao trono e criando

questões que definiram o fim do segundo

reinado a questão militar foi quando os

militares queriam mais reconhecimento e

aumento de salário e por isso alguns

oficiais aderiram aos ideais

republicanos a questão religiosa que se

deu porque o Imperador não queria que a

igreja aceitasse as ordens papais sem a

sua aprovação e a questão latifundiária

porque os fazendeiros não suportavam as

ideias abolicionista e por isso romperam

com o imperador sendo assim no dia 15 de

novembro de

1889 Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca dá o

golpe militar instituindo a República no

Brasil mas isso é um assunto para um

próximo vídeo

neste vídeo vimos Como foi o período do

Brasil Império dividido em três fases o

primeiro reinado onde o imperador Dom

Pedro I criou a primeira Constituição do

país e enfrentou bastante resistência

abdicando o poder e dando início ao

período regencial que foi governado por

regentes este período foi marcado por

muitos conflitos revoltas e o surgimento

de partidos políticos com o golpe da

maioridade Conseguiram fazer Dom Pedro

II se tornar o segundo Imperador do

Brasil dando início a terceira fase do

Brasil Império o segundo reinado onde

tivemos o Parlamento

o crescimento das ideias abolicionistas

que ficaram em contraposição com o

crescimento da economia do café e o

conflito mais sangrento da América do

Sul esta mistura de acontecimentos e de

insatisfação da elite brasileira

possibilitou a intervenção militar e o

Brasil deixou de ser um império Nossa

que viagem hein Se você quer continuar

estudando história com a gente é só se

inscrever no canal E não se esqueça de

deixar o seu like para aprender mais

sobre este período histórico acesse o

link do site aqui na descrição e conheça

a nossa playlist com vários vídeos sobre

a história do Brasil ficamos por aqui e

até a próxima viagem

[Música]