14 LEARNER - CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
Summary
TLDRIn this educational podcast, Abigail from 'A Beautiful Day to Learn' delves into the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the American Psychological Association. The principles, which include cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, developmental, and social factors, offer a comprehensive framework for effective learning. They emphasize the importance of constructing meaning, setting goals, strategic thinking, and the influence of individual differences and context on learning. The summary by Alexander and Murphy condenses these into five key areas: knowledge base, strategic processing, motivation, development, and context, highlighting the learner's unique journey in education.
Takeaways
- 📚 The script discusses the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs in 1997.
- 🧠 Cognitive and metacognitive factors are crucial for learning, emphasizing the intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experiences.
- 🎯 Successful learners set meaningful goals and create coherent representations of knowledge, supported by instructional guidance and their own strategic thinking.
- 🔗 Knowledge construction involves linking new information with existing knowledge, expanding one's understanding and ability to integrate new experiences.
- 🤔 Strategic thinking and metacognition enable learners to reflect on their thought processes, select appropriate learning strategies, and monitor their progress.
- 🌐 The context of learning, including environmental factors like culture, technology, and instructional practices, influences the learning process.
- 🌟 Motivation and emotional influences on learning can enhance or interfere with a learner's quality of thinking and information processing.
- 🔑 Intrinsic motivation to learn is stimulated by tasks that are relevant to personal interests, provide personal choice, and offer a sense of control.
- 💪 Effort is a significant indicator of motivation to learn, with the acquisition of complex knowledge and skills demanding considerable energy and persistence.
- 👶 Developmental influences on learning suggest that taking into account physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains is essential for effective learning.
- 🤝 Social influences on learning can be enhanced through interaction and collaboration with others on instructional tasks, fostering a sense of community and shared understanding.
- 🌈 Individual differences and diversity are acknowledged, with the principles of learning, motivation, and effective instruction applying to all learners regardless of personal characteristics.
- 📈 Assessment is highlighted as a vital tool providing information to both learners and teachers at all stages of the learning process, including various types like formative and summative assessments.
Q & A
What are the 14 learner-centered psychological principles discussed in the podcast?
-The podcast discusses 14 principles that were prepared by the learner-centered principles work group of the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs. These principles provide a framework for school reform and redesign, focusing on cognitive and metacognitive factors, motivational and affective factors, developmental and social factors, individual differences, and standards and assessment.
How does the nature of the learning process influence effective learning?
-According to the podcast, the learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it's an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experiences. Experience dictates the meaning, creates new meaning, and provides knowledge, making experience the best teacher.
What is the role of goals in the learning process as mentioned in the podcast?
-The podcast states that a successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance, can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge. The goals of the learning process are integral to a learner's success and are shaped by the support and guidance they receive.
How does the construction of knowledge relate to learning?
-The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways. This construction of knowledge involves accessing and utilizing existing schemas or knowledge structures to integrate new information, thus expanding one's understanding.
What is strategic thinking and its significance in learning according to the podcast?
-Strategic thinking involves the creation and use of a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning. It is significant as it allows the learner to approach problems, conceptualize ideas, and solve issues more effectively.
How does metacognition play a role in the learning process?
-Metacognition, or thinking about thinking, allows successful learners to reflect on how they think and learn, set reasonable learning or performance goals, select appropriate learning strategies or methods, and monitor their progress towards these goals.
What environmental factors influence learning as discussed in the podcast?
-Learning is influenced by environmental factors including culture, technology, and instructional practices. These factors shape the context in which learning occurs and can either support or hinder the learning process.
How do motivational and emotional factors affect learning?
-Motivational and emotional factors can either enhance or interfere with the learner's quality of thinking and information processing. Beliefs, schools, and expectations for success or failure can significantly impact a learner's engagement and performance.
What is the significance of effort in the context of learning as mentioned in the podcast?
-Effort is a major indicator of motivation to learn. The acquisition of complex knowledge and skills demands considerable learner energy and strategic effort, along with persistence over time. The amount of effort a student puts into a task can reflect their level of motivation.
How do developmental and social factors contribute to effective learning?
-Developmental factors within and across physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains should be considered for effective learning. Social influences, such as opportunities to interact and collaborate with others on instructional tasks, can enhance learning through shared ideas and responsibilities.
What does the podcast suggest about individual differences in learning?
-Individuals are born with and develop their own unique capabilities and talents. Educators should help students examine their learning preferences and expand or modify them if necessary to cater to individual differences in learning.
How does the podcast summarize the 14 learner-centered psychological principles?
-The podcast summarizes the 14 principles into five key areas: the knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, and situation or context. These areas encompass the foundational aspects of learning and the various influences that shape the learning process.
Outlines
📚 Cognitive and Metacognitive Learning Principles
The first paragraph introduces the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs in 1997. These principles aim to guide school reform and focus on cognitive and metacognitive factors. The discussion delves into the nature of the learning process, emphasizing the importance of intentional meaning construction from information and experiences. It also covers the goals of learning, where successful learners create coherent knowledge representations with instructional support. The construction of knowledge is highlighted, where learners link new information with existing knowledge, drawing on concepts like schema theory. Strategic thinking and metacognition are underscored as essential for learners to reflect on their thinking processes and select appropriate learning strategies.
🌟 Motivational and Effective Learning Factors
The second paragraph continues the discussion by focusing on motivational and effective factors in learning. It discusses how environmental factors such as culture, technology, and instructional practices influence learning. The motivational aspect is explored through intrinsic motivation, which is stimulated by tasks that are optimally novel and challenging, relevant to personal interests, and provide personal choice and control. The importance of effort in learning is highlighted, with the notion that greater motivation leads to more effort, which in turn leads to better learning outcomes. Developmental and social factors are introduced, emphasizing the importance of considering different developmental domains and the benefits of social interaction and collaboration in enhancing learning.
🔍 Individual Differences and Assessment in Learning
The final paragraph wraps up the discussion by addressing individual differences and the role of assessment in learning. It points out that educators should help students understand and adapt their learning preferences to accommodate their unique capabilities and talents. The paragraph also stresses the importance of applying the same principles of learning, motivation, and effective instruction to all learners, regardless of their background. The role of assessment is highlighted as a critical tool for providing feedback to both learners and teachers throughout the learning process, mentioning various types of assessments such as formative, summative, authentic, traditional, and portfolio assessments. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the 14 principles into five broader categories: knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, and situation or context.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
💡Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors
💡Construction of Knowledge
💡Strategic Thinking
💡Metacognition
💡Context of Learning
💡Motivational and Affective Factors
💡Intrinsic Motivation
💡Developmental Influences
💡Social Influences
💡Individual Differences
💡Learning and Diversity
💡Standards and Assessment
Highlights
Introduction to the 14 learner-centered psychological principles by the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs.
Cognitive and metacognitive factors are essential for effective learning and thinking.
Learning is most effective when it's an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experiences.
Learners can create meaningful representations of knowledge with support and instructional guidance.
The construction of knowledge involves linking new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.
Strategic thinking involves using a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies for complex learning.
Metacognition allows learners to reflect on their thinking processes and set learning goals.
The context of learning is influenced by environmental factors such as culture, technology, and instructional practices.
Motivational and affective factors can enhance or interfere with a learner's quality of thinking and information processing.
Intrinsic motivation to learn is stimulated by tasks that are relevant to personal interests and provide personal choice and control.
Effort is a major indicator of a learner's motivation, with more effort correlating to higher motivation.
Developmental influences on learning should consider physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains.
Social influences on learning can be enhanced through interaction and collaboration with others.
Individual differences in learning are recognized, with educators encouraged to help students understand and adapt their learning preferences.
Learning and diversity principles apply to all learners, emphasizing the importance of inclusive instruction.
Assessment provides crucial information for both learners and teachers at all stages of the learning process.
The principles are summarized into five categories: knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, and situation or context.
Conclusion of the podcast segment, emphasizing the value of the 14 learner-centered psychological principles for educational reform and practice.
Transcripts
welcome to this podcast segment of a
beautiful day to learn my name is
Abigail at San mahanyoko with various
discussions on education journalism
communication language and literature
today's discussion centers on the 14
learner-centered psychological
principles
these principles were prepared by the
learner-centered principles work group
of the American Psychological
association's Board of educational
Affairs or Baya in November 1997 were in
they created a framework for school
reform and redesign
foreign
first with a cognitive and metacognitive
factors so just with the words cognitive
and met the cognitive
associated with learning and thinking
so the six sub principles
would be the nature of the learning
process the goals of the learning
process construction of knowledge
strategic thinking thinking about
thinking and also the context of
learning
for cognitive and metacognitive factors
the nature of the learning process
tells us that the learning of complex
subject matter is most effective when
it's an intentional process of
constructing meaning from information
and experiences therefore
experience dictates the meaning
experience creates new meaning
experience provides us with knowledge
experience is the best teacher that we
have next our principle would be the
goals of the learning process
the successful learner overtime and with
support and instructional guidance can
create meaningful coherent
representations of knowledge on purpose
nothing detail is in learner so if the
learner is successful
anytime
representations of knowledge
supported with instructional guidance
visuals
memory and then the third sub principle
for the cognitive and metacognitive
factors would be the construction of
knowledge the successful learner can
link new information with existing
knowledge in meaningful ways
existing knowledge when we say that we
talk about stock knowledge we talk about
schema we talk about schematic Theory
where in sinus
knowledge
so part-time in microchip or SD card
you will just access it
so our knowledge widens and Depends as
we continue to build the link between
the new information or experiences a new
existing Nan and NASA adding brain so
new information plus the existing which
is stored in your brain so it means you
are really equipped to construct new
knowledge
then
we also have the remaining three sub
principles under cognitive and
metacognitive factors
we have strategic thinking thinking
about thinking and context of learning
for the Strategic thinking the
successful learner can create and use a
repertoire of thinking and reasoning
strategies to achieve complex learning
rules
my son learner
approach
solved no problems
conceptualize none different ideas
when it comes to thinking about thinking
or metacognition definitely Alam agadny
learner companies
to achieve a certain performance goal so
it says here that successful Learners
can reflect on how they think and learn
set reasonable learning or performance
goals select potentially appropriate
learning strategies or methods and also
to monitor their progress towards These
Girls hashtag Target hashtag life goals
[Music]
and then for the context of learning
learning is influenced by environmental
factors including culture technology and
instructional practices be an unlucky
enough effect
[Music]
technology which is our guide which is
our learning and even you adding
environmental factors which show us the
reality the facts in life
of course instructional practices from
our teachers how they instruct us is
also important
then we proceed with a motivational and
effective Factor so I think that long
sub principles under motivational and
effective factors remember Maritime 14
learner-centered psychological
principles
of cognitive and metacognitive factors
that law for motivational and effective
factors so Elena told already have nine
so for the motivational and emotional
influences on learning different
thoughts believe schools and
expectations for success or failure can
either enhance or interfere with the
learner's quality of thinking and
information
processing what you bring in is what you
bring out
[Music]
and then
if you invest
goodness you also rip
goodness
if you give kindness then you also
receive kindness
yeah so when it comes to man's intrinsic
motivation to learn it is stimulated by
tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty
relevant take a look at the word
relevant to personal interests and
providing for personal choice and
control makes a big hand intrinsic
motivation something that is from within
attention I think keywords such as
personal interest personal choice
personal control
for that
and then we have the effects of
motivation and effort effort is another
major indicator of motivation to learn
the acquisition of complex Knowledge and
Skills demands the investment of
considerable learner energy and
strategic effort along with persistence
over time
efforts
but as teachers this is what we have to
consider
the amount of motivation given by the
student
to do a particular task can be seen on
the amount of effort that was produced
for that task
more effort more motivation more
motivation more effort
okay
for the motivational and effective
factors we are done with nine now we
proceed with two more so we have 11 now
the Developmental and social factors
so we have here the developmental
influences on learning learning is most
effective when different developmental
factors within and across physical
intellectual emotional and social
domains is taken into account
um
[Music]
okay so developmental influences
and then we have the social influences
on learning
so social Society relationship
learning can be enhanced when the
learner has an opportunity to interact
and to collaborate with others on
instructional tasks very important
teaching engagement and learner with
other students because this is the time
that they get to collaborate their ideas
but you collaborate your ideas you try
to accept one idea which is different
from another idea and then try to make
something meaningful out of it and at
the same time
delegating tasks
activities
we have our own responsibilities and
we're now down to the last three so
eleven yokanina 12 13 and 14.
adding 14 learner centered psychological
principles again
it's the American Psychological
Association
so the last three would be dealing with
individual differences factors
the video differences in learning states
that individuals are born with and
developed their own capabilities and
talents
Educators need to help students examine
their learning preferences and expand or
modify them if necessary
nothing is
diminished human skills or Talent Stella
but of course Mas maganda if we amplify
them
and then learning and diversity
well the same basic principles of that
lutoha learning motivation and effective
instruction
apply to all Learners and when we say
all Learners that would be regardless of
race
colors sex religion age personal beliefs
philosophies in life
um
level of comprehension level of thinking
whether 80 years or not okay same
principles on learning motivation and
effective instruction
and lastly we have the standards and
assessment this tells us that assessment
provides important information to both
the learner and teacher at all stages of
the learning process again all stages
informative assessment we have summative
assessment authentic assessment
traditional assessment portfolio
assessment so different types of
assessment from the onset up to the end
so that would be the 14
learner-centered principles or
psychological principles but these 14
were summarized by Alexander and Murphy
into five so it all five NATO would be
the knowledge base
Foundation of all future learning and
then strategic processing and control
wherein we can actually choose different
strategies or methods that will reflect
and regulate our thoughts and behaviors
to learn more effectively and then we
have motivation and effect we're in
there are different reasons for us
to be engaged with learning
important detail is that we enjoy
creating the learning tasks because it
has a crucial role in the learning
process and then we have the development
and individual differences my learning
is unique from your learning because we
also have our own unique combination of
genetic and environmental factors which
really influence us
and lastly situation or context well
learning happens in the context of a
society as well as within an individual
in learning nothing I depend on the
situation or context
and that's it once again I am Abigail of
a beautiful day to learn and I hope you
learned something from this discussion
of the 14 learner-centered psychological
principles produced by the American
Psychological Association so thank you
very much and I hope that you have a
beautiful day to learn bye
[Music]
foreign
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