SEJARAH DAULAH ABBASIYAH --- Lengkap

Summary

This video from Rolton Channel delves into the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, established by Abul Abbas As-Saffah in 750 AD. It explores the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty, the strategic rise of the Abbasids, and their eventual dominance, marking the Golden Age of Islam. The video highlights the Abbasid strategies, societal support, and the pivotal battles that led to their victory. It also touches upon the Umayyad resurgence in Andalusia and the administrative innovations introduced by the Abbasids, setting the stage for their long-lasting influence on Islamic civilization.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Abbasid Caliphate was founded by Abdul Abbas as-Saffah in 750 CE, marking a new era following the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate.
• 🏛️ Named after the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib, the Abbasid Caliphate ruled for over 500 years, from 750 to 1258 CE, known as the Golden Age of Islam.
• ⚔️ The Abbasid movement gained momentum through small religious gatherings in Hamima, Jordan, eventually growing into a significant political force under Muhammad bin Ali.
• 🤝 The Abbasids garnered widespread support due to their association with Ahlul Bait (the family of the Prophet), appealing to groups disillusioned with Umayyad rule, including Shia, Khawarij, and non-Arab Muslims (mawali).
• 🌍 The movement's strategic expansion spread from Hamima to Iraq and Khurasan, effectively leveraging discontent with the Umayyad's Arab-centric governance.
• 🚩 The Abbasid movement persisted despite setbacks, such as the capture of Ibrahim al-Imam, by continuing under the leadership of his brother, Abul Abbas as-Saffah.
• 🗡️ The Abbasids, with the help of military leader Abu Muslim al-Khurasani, defeated the Umayyads in the pivotal Battle of al-Zab, leading to the eventual capture of Umayyad territories.
• 🌟 The Abbasid leadership established a new capital at al-Anbar (later known as al-Hashimiyah) in Iraq, signifying a shift in power and the beginning of a flourishing era for Islamic culture and science.
• 🏛️ Abul Abbas as-Saffah restructured the Abbasid government, introducing the position of vizier (prime minister) and appointing Khalid Bin Barmak, a Persian mawali, reflecting their diverse support base.
• 🏙️ The Abbasids later moved the capital to Baghdad, transforming it into a thriving center of learning and culture, symbolizing the peak of Islamic civilization during their rule.

Q & A

Who founded the Abbasid Dynasty?

The Abbasid Dynasty was founded by Abdul Abbas As-Saffah in the year 750 AD, which corresponds to the year 132 Hijriyah.

What significant battle marked the beginning of the Abbasid rule?

The significant battle that marked the beginning of the Abbasid rule was the Battle of Al-Zab, where the Abbasid forces defeated the Umayyad forces led by Marwan bin Muhammad.

How long did the Abbasid Dynasty rule?

The Abbasid Dynasty ruled for over 509 years, from 750 AD to 1258 AD.

What is the significance of the Abbasid Dynasty in Islamic history?

The Abbasid Dynasty is significant in Islamic history as it represented the Golden Age of Islam, a period of extraordinary advancement in various fields such as science, culture, and economy.

What factors contributed to the rise of the Abbasid movement?

The Abbasid movement rose due to various factors including the decline of the Umayyad rule, support from different groups such as the Shia and non-Arab communities, and the strategic use of political and military tactics.

How did the Abbasid movement initially begin?

The Abbasid movement began as small religious gatherings in Hamimah, Jordan, around 100 Hijriyah, which later evolved into a larger political movement under the leadership of Muhammad bin Ali.

Why did the Abbasid movement gain widespread support?

The Abbasid movement gained widespread support due to its slogan advocating for the rights of the Ahlul Bait (family of the Prophet Muhammad) and its promise to restore justice and fairness, attracting those dissatisfied with the Umayyad rule.

What was the role of Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani in the Abbasid revolution?

Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani played a crucial role as a military commander who significantly contributed to the success of the Abbasid revolution by leading military campaigns and gaining key territorial control.

What changes did the Abbasid rulers implement after coming to power?

After coming to power, the Abbasid rulers implemented changes such as establishing a new administrative system with the introduction of the Wazir (prime minister) position and shifting the capital from Damascus to Al-Anbar and later to Baghdad.

Who was the first Wazir (prime minister) appointed by the Abbasids?

The first Wazir (prime minister) appointed by the Abbasids was Khalid bin Barmak, a Persian representative of the Mawali, as a reward for their support during the revolution.