Sejarah Berdirinya Daulah Bani Abbasiyyah- SKI KELAS 8 MTs/SMP Kelas 8 Semester 1

Summary

The video discusses the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate, founded by descendants of Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet Muhammad's uncle. It covers the political tensions leading to the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate, driven by opposition to injustice and oppression. Key figures like Ali bin Abdullah, Muhammad bin Ali, and Abu Muslim al-Khurasani played pivotal roles in rallying support. The Abbasids defeated the Umayyads in the Battle of the Zab in 750 CE, marking the start of their rule. Although Abu Abbas as-Saffah became the first Abbasid caliph, it was Abu Ja'far al-Mansur who established the foundation for the lasting Abbasid dynasty.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Abbasid dynasty was established by descendants of Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib, the uncle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
• 😀 The Abbasid Caliphate lasted for over 500 years, from 750 CE to 1258 CE (132-656 Hijri).
• 😀 The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was caused by political corruption, oppression, and discontent, especially from those close to the Prophet Muhammad's family.
• 😀 Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas initiated a political movement against the Umayyads, advocating for justice and support for the Prophet’s family.
• 😀 The Abbasid movement gained support from various groups including the Shi'a, Khawarij, and non-Arab Muslims who opposed the Umayyads.
• 😀 Muhammad ibn Ali continued his father’s legacy, establishing Kufa, Basra, and Khorasan as key centers for the Abbasid revolution.
• 😀 The decisive battle at the Zab in 750 CE resulted in a major victory for the Abbasids, leading to the fall of the Umayyad dynasty.
• 😀 Marwan II, the last Umayyad caliph, was defeated and killed, marking the official end of the Umayyad Caliphate.
• 😀 Abu Abbas as-Saffah became the first Abbasid caliph, known for his ruthless purge of Umayyad supporters, securing the Abbasid rule.
• 😀 Abu Ja'far al-Mansur, the second Abbasid caliph, is credited with consolidating power and building the foundation for the Abbasid empire, including the establishment of Baghdad as the capital.

Q & A

What was the main reason for the rise of the Abbasid Dynasty?

The Abbasid Dynasty emerged as a result of opposition to the Umayyad Caliphate, driven by political conflicts and the desire for greater justice and fair treatment for the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, particularly the family of Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib.

What were the two major issues that led to the opposition against the Umayyad Dynasty?

The two major issues were the Umayyad government's oppression and injustice towards non-Arab Muslims (mawali) and their mistreatment of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad.

How did Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas contribute to the downfall of the Umayyad Dynasty?

Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas led a widespread propaganda campaign against the Umayyads, rallying support for the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. This movement, known as the 'Dawah', was aimed at uniting people against the Umayyad rule.

What role did Abu Muslim al-Khurasani play in the Abbasid uprising?

Abu Muslim al-Khurasani was a key figure in the Abbasid revolution, serving as a military commander who gained significant support among the oppressed populations and led the forces that helped overthrow the Umayyad Caliphate.

How did the Abbasid forces manage to defeat the Umayyads?

The Abbasid forces, led by figures like Abu Muslim al-Khurasani and Abdul Abbas as-Saffah, defeated the Umayyad forces in the Battle of the Zab River in 750 CE, resulting in the total collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate.

What was the significance of the Battle of the Zab in 750 CE?

The Battle of the Zab was decisive in the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate. The Umayyad forces, led by Caliph Marwan II, were defeated by the Abbasids, marking the end of Umayyad rule and the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Who was the first caliph of the Abbasid Dynasty?

The first caliph of the Abbasid Dynasty was Abul Abbas as-Saffah, who took power after the Abbasids defeated the Umayyads at the Battle of the Zab.

Why is Abu Ja'far al-Mansur considered the true founder of the Abbasid Dynasty?

Although Abul Abbas as-Saffah was the first caliph, Abu Ja'far al-Mansur is considered the true founder of the Abbasid Dynasty because he established the administrative foundations and solidified the Abbasid rule, ensuring the dynasty's longevity.

What happened to the Umayyad family members after the Abbasid victory?

After the Abbasid victory, most members of the Umayyad family were hunted down and killed. However, one member, Abdurrahman ibn Muawiya, escaped to Spain and established the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba.

How long did the Abbasid Dynasty rule, and what were its key achievements?

The Abbasid Dynasty ruled for about five and a half centuries, from 750 CE to 1258 CE. During this period, they made significant contributions to the cultural, scientific, and intellectual development of the Islamic world, with Baghdad becoming a center of learning and culture.