Complete Spanish, Track 21 - Language Transfer, The Thinking Method
Summary
TLDRThis video script explores the use of the present tense in Spanish to express future and past actions, similar to English. It delves into the concept of using 'haber' as an auxiliary verb to form the compound past tense, explaining the irregularities and providing a mnemonic based on the vowels 'a' and 'e' to remember its conjugations. The script simplifies the process of creating the past tense for verbs by removing the '-r' and adding '-ado' or '-ido', demonstrating with examples like 'he hablado' (I have spoken). It highlights the prevalence of this tense in Spanish, often used more frequently than in English, and encourages learners to practice constructing sentences with these verb forms.
Takeaways
- 🕒 The script discusses how the present tense in Spanish can be used to talk about future events, such as 'pronto' (soon), 'mañana' (tomorrow), and 'la próxima semana' (next week).
- 🗣 There are three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish, including the simple past, past continuous, and present perfect.
- 📚 In Spanish, the verb 'haber' is used to form the present perfect tense, and it is irregular with different forms for each subject pronoun.
- 🔤 The verb 'haber' can be remembered by its two key vowel sounds, 'a' and 'e', which help to determine the conjugation forms for different subjects.
- 🔄 The conjugation of 'haber' is connected to the subject pronouns 'yo' (I) and 'nosotros' (we), with 'he' (I have) and 'hemos' (we have) being examples.
- 📖 The script explains that Spanish verbs in the present perfect tense lose their '-r' and add '-ido' for past participles, which is simpler than in English.
- 👥 The past participle formation is consistent for all verbs in Spanish, making it easier to learn compared to the irregular forms in English.
- 🤔 The script encourages learners to think about the structure of sentences in Spanish, breaking them down into components before constructing the full sentence.
- 🎉 The present perfect tense is used more frequently in Spanish than in English, making it an important concept for learners to master.
- 📍 The script provides examples of how to form sentences in the present perfect tense, such as 'he anticipado' (I have anticipated) and 'hemos anticipado' (we have anticipated).
- 🗣️ The use of 'haber' with verbs like 'tomar' (to take) and 'hablar' (to speak) is demonstrated, showing the consistency of the past participle formation in Spanish.
Q & A
How can the present tense be used to talk about the future in Spanish?
-The present tense in Spanish can be used to talk about the future in certain contexts, such as when expressing something that will happen soon ('pronto'), or when referring to the next day ('mañana'), the next week, or events that are expected to occur in the near future.
What are the three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish?
-The three main ways to talk about the past are: using the simple past tense (e.g., 'I ate'), the past continuous tense (e.g., 'I was eating'), and the present perfect tense (e.g., 'I have eaten').
How is the verb 'to have' expressed in Spanish when referring to past actions, like 'I have eaten'?
-In Spanish, 'to have' when referring to past actions is expressed with the verb 'haber', which is irregular and takes different forms depending on the subject (e.g., 'he' for 'I have', 'habéis' for 'you have', 'ha' for 'he/she/it has').
What is the significance of the vowel sounds 'a' and 'e' in the verb 'haber'?
-The vowel sounds 'a' and 'e' in 'haber' are used to remember its conjugated forms. 'e' by itself means 'I have' (he), and 'a' is used for 'he/she/it has' (ha), helping to remember the irregular forms of the verb.
How can we determine the plural forms of 'haber' in the first person plural (we)?
-The plural form for 'we have' is derived from the singular 'I have' (he) by changing it to 'hemos', following the pattern of adding 'mos' to the base form.
What happens to the verb when we want to form the present perfect tense in Spanish?
-To form the present perfect tense in Spanish, the final 'r' of the verb is removed, and 'do' is added to the end, creating a new form that follows the conjugation of 'haber'.
Can you provide an example of how to form the present perfect tense with the verb 'hablar' (to speak)?
-To form the present perfect tense with 'hablar', you would take the infinitive form 'hablar', remove the 'r', and add 'do', resulting in 'hablado', which is then used with the appropriate form of 'haber' to express 'I have spoken', 'you have spoken', etc.
How is the word 'tempo' related to the concept of time in Spanish?
-In Spanish, 'tempo' changes to 'tiempo', which means 'time' and is used to express durations or periods, similar to how 'tempo' is used in music.
What is the informal way of saying 'you have' in Spanish?
-The informal way of saying 'you have' in Spanish is 'tienes', which is derived from the verb 'tener' (to have) in its second person singular form.
Can the present perfect tense in Spanish be used to ask if someone has celebrated something?
-Yes, the present perfect tense in Spanish can be used to ask if someone has celebrated something, similar to how it is used in English (e.g., '¿Has celebrado?').
How do you form the past participle of a verb like 'tomar' (to take or drink) in the present perfect tense in Spanish?
-To form the past participle of 'tomar', you remove the 'r' and add 'do', resulting in 'tomado', which is then used with the appropriate form of 'haber' to express the present perfect tense (e.g., 'he tomado' for 'I have taken').
Outlines
📚 Spanish Tenses: Present, Past, and Perfect
This paragraph discusses the use of the present tense in Spanish to express future events, utilizing words like 'pronto' for soon and 'mañana' for tomorrow. It also explains the three primary ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish. The focus then shifts to the use of the present tense in Spanish to describe past actions through the verb 'haber', which is irregular and requires memorization of its forms. The paragraph provides a mnemonic technique using the vowels 'a' and 'e' found within 'haber' to remember its conjugations, and explains the connection between the forms of 'yo' (I) and 'nosotros' (we), as well as the formation of 'ustedes' (you all). It also touches on the use of 'haber' with past participles to form the compound past tense, similar to 'I have eaten' in English.
🗣️ Mastering the Spanish Perfect Tense with 'Haber'
The second paragraph delves deeper into the use of the Spanish perfect tense formed with 'haber' and past participles. It illustrates how verbs lose their '-r' ending and add '-ido' for past participles. The speaker provides examples of forming sentences in the perfect tense, such as 'he hablado' (I have spoken), and discusses the placement of negation. The paragraph also emphasizes the frequency of the perfect tense in Spanish compared to English, suggesting it is more commonly used. It includes examples of forming questions and negative statements in the perfect tense and ends with a note on the use of 'por' to indicate duration, as in 'por mucho tiempo' (for a long time).
📝 Applying the Perfect Tense with Examples and Thought Process
The final paragraph provides a practical application of the Spanish perfect tense, offering a step-by-step thought process for constructing sentences. It includes examples of forming past participles by removing the '-r' and adding '-ado' or '-ido', and then using them with 'haber' to express actions completed in the past. The paragraph encourages learners to break down sentences into their components and to think through each part before combining them. It also includes a brief mention of the verb 'tomar' (to take or to drink) and how its past participle is formed, as well as a prompt for the learner to apply this knowledge to construct sentences like 'ella ha tomado' (she has taken).
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Present Tense
💡Past Tense
💡Irregular Verbs
💡Conjugation
💡Perfect Tense
💡Past Participle
💡Anticipation
💡Tempo
💡Celebrate
💡Tomar
Highlights
Using the present tense in Spanish to talk about the future with words like 'pronto' and 'mañana'.
Three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish: simple past, past continuous, and present perfect.
The complexity of forming the present perfect tense in English compared to the simplicity in Spanish.
The Spanish verb 'haber' used for expressing actions completed in the past, with 'he' being the first person singular form.
Memory trick using the vowels 'a' and 'e' in 'haber' to remember its conjugations.
Only two verbs in Spanish form their 'ey' form irregularly like 'haber'.
Understanding the connection between 'yo' (I) and 'nosotros' (we) to deduce 'hemos' (we have).
Formation of 'habéis' (you have, informal plural) by adding 'ís' to the base of 'haber'.
Conjugation of 'habrá' (he/she/it will have) and 'habrán' (they will have) in third person singular and plural.
How to form past participles in Spanish by removing the 'r' from the verb and adding 'do'.
Use of the present perfect tense in Spanish is more common than in English.
Formation of 'hablado' (spoken) by changing the verb 'hablar' and using it in sentences.
The use of 'por' in Spanish to indicate a duration of time, similar to 'for' in English.
Formation of 'anticipado' (anticipated) by removing the 'r' from 'anticipo' and adding 'do'.
How to ask '¿Has celebrado?' (Have you celebrated?) in an informal way in Spanish.
The transformation of the English word 'tempo' into 'tiempo' in Spanish to mean time.
The formation of 'he tomado' (I have taken) by using the base 'tom' and adding the appropriate conjugation of 'haber'.
Guidance on deconstructing sentences in Spanish to understand and form complex verb tenses.
Transcripts
so we've seen how we can use the present
to talk about the future in Spanish
using boy or using some future context
Pronto soon Manana
tomorrow the week that comes next week
but we can also use the present in
Spanish to talk about the past just as
we can in English in English and in
Spanish we have three ways to talk about
the past or three main ways to talk
about the past we can say for example I
ate we can say I was eating and we can
say I have
eaten now when we say I have eaten we're
using I have which is the present and
then eaten is like a version of the verb
which is kind of complicated in English
you say I have eaten I have gone I have
wanted wanted eaten and gone they're all
very different so that's kind of
complicated in English how to build that
but in Spanish it's very simp simple so
we have I ate I was eating and I have
eaten this I have eaten is going to be
the first past that we learn and we're
actually using the present now this have
is not da da we use for possession and
we use with the combination of K to give
this meaning of have
to now the verb that we use for have in
the sense of I have eaten I have gone in
Spanish it's a a h a b e r and of course
we have the silent h there
in is to have in the sense of I have
eaten but a is extremely irregular there
is no AB it's extremely irregular but
there is a very easy way we can remember
all of the versions of a even though
it's very irregular what are the two
vowel sounds that we have inside of the
verb A and E good we have a and e inside
the word a and we're going to use use
that to help us remember the versions
let's start with e e all by itself means
I have it's spelled h e and of course we
have the silent h there from a in e h e
I have we actually saw already one of
verb that forms its ey version in this
way what was two
know sa sa and I know is
I have from a is spelled h e just like
say from spelled s e there are only two
verbs that form their ey version in this
way in this very irregular way so you
get SE from sa and you get from
a different from sa all of the versions
of a are irregular now I and we are
connected we can see how we is the
plural of i i and then when I include
you and I say we it's like the plural of
I so I and we are connected so just
knowing that if you had to guess what is
we have knowing that I have is e what do
you think you would guess s this works
with nouns and adjectives so it's a very
good example of why whilst we avoiding
grammatical terminology we want to know
what type of word we're dealing with
because different words behave in
different ways nouns words you can put
the or a in front
of the wig a wig and adjectives words
that describe that you can put is in
front of is red is tall these words use
S for plural but we've never seen the
verb do that have we what does the verb
use for
we or Os or Os and what do they have in
common OS Osos the the MOs good okay so
if a is I have h e how do you think it
might be we have Emos Emos good so from
a you get and Os no now we don't want to
memorize this like we said we can think
just this just the what vows do we have
in a a and e oh okay e e by itself is I
it's connected to Wi and Os now we go to
the other vowel a h a all by itself h a
a means she has it has he has you form
will have now I'm sure you can tell me
the rest of them what are the other
versions what is they have an good so we
start with this base of and a and we can
remember that just by looking at the
vows that are
inside and then we can add on what we
need so we have e for I have OS for we
have we have a ha a for he she it you
form have or has you added an n and what
did you get an and what does that
mean they have or you guys have good and
how would you say you have
informally us us good and that's should
sayos so you have two key vow sounds and
a OS for I and for we for I and the
plural of i which is we and then you
have a for he she it an for for they us
for you in now we need to learn how to
make eaten how to make gone how to make
wanted if we want to say I have eaten I
have gone I have wanted this is very
simple in Spanish our verbs will lose
their R they will lose their final a and
they will put ad on the end so for
example we have to speak which is abl if
you want to build spoken you take off
the a and you put
on now we can speak about the past now
we can say I have spoken and we need to
think about the two bits separately I
have
spoken very
good I haven't spoken where do you think
the noise is going to go I haven't
spoken in the beginning no very good
no I haven't spoken we have spoken
he has
spoken good she has
spoken good
they an you
informal perfect well done now this is
actually more useful this past than what
you might think it is because this is
used even more in Spanish then it is in
English so maybe you want the past I
spoke but you can use for now I have
spoken this have past is very popular
and used much more than in English so
how would you say
anticipation anticipation good and to
anticipate anticip good how would you
say we have anticipated it so there's a
few things you have to think about think
about them separately then put them
together we have anticipated
it
antici so to get
anticipated you take away the r and you
put
yes and where does that law go because
anticip is not it's changed now so it's
in the beginning
so an good
OS
anticip the word for four like in time
we have anticipated it for a long time
for example is poor poor you might know
poav which means please in Spanish which
means for a
favor for a favor so this poor is also
for in the sense of for periods of time
so if you want to say we have
anticipated it for a long time we will
just say we have anticipated it for much
time maybe there's some bits in there
you think you don't know but we will see
when we get to them so the first bit is
we have anticipated
it good
for a lot or much much time we saw
briefly before that we have a word in
English that we use for time that we
only use with music what was that word
Tempo Tempo and how did it change in
Spanish Spanish tioo yes the E split so
we have anticipated it for a long
time
good much very good maybe you want to
ask somebody did you celebrate and you
think oh I don't know did yet in Spanish
you can just say have you celebrated and
that's fine like I said it's used even
more in Spanish than in English so some
certain situations it might sound a
little bit uncomfortable the translation
into English but in Spanish most of the
time it's going to be fine so have you
celebrated let's speak
informally good good so
as good as C haven't you
celebrated no as C why haven't you
celebrated good what was the word for
where where have you
celebrated good where have you
celebrated
it good so our verbs we take away the r
and we put Alo and we get this version
of the verb that we need after a which
in English has many different uh forms
like I said you have gone wanted eaten
changes a lot but in Spanish we get rid
of the r and we put Alo we said that to
take and also sometimes to drink is
tomar Tomar Tom so how would you say I
have
taken Tom Tom good we have
taken good has she taken it has she
taken
it that's a guess you're looking at me
like it's a
guess I want you to establish your own
thought process of how you're going to
find it so what's the first bit you need
to think about has she taken it has she
good what is
that okay so it's e and Emos for I and
we yes so it's oh it's ah it's
ah so has she taken
it ah sometimes I'm going to build you
up step by step sometimes I'm just going
to give you the sentence and you need to
deconstruct what thoughts you need to
have first and to divide it up into
various thoughts to get the sentence
resisting any temptation to guess or to
say something that we not sure of you
can be sure and be wrong there's no
problem there H but we want to think
about it dividing the sentence up into
each individual thing we need to think
about first she has a she has taken a
tomato she has taken it it is La where I
put the L before the change verb
Tom
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