INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILL PROGRAMMING
Summary
TLDRThis instructional video script introduces the basics of CNC programming for a CNC mill, focusing on the Cartesian coordinate system's relevance to CNC. It explains the concept of positive and negative values in the X and Y axes, the significance of the origin, and how these values change with different quadrants. The script also touches on the Z-axis, crucial for depth in milling operations. It aims to demystify CNC programming by illustrating how machines understand coordinates to perform tasks like drilling holes in a block, emphasizing the importance of establishing the origin for accurate machining.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video script is an educational resource on basic CNC programming for CNC mills.
- 📐 It introduces the Cartesian coordinate system as it relates to CNC programming, focusing on the X and Y axes.
- 📍 The origin is defined as the intersection of the X and Y axes, where both have a value of zero.
- ➕ Understanding the positive (+) and negative (-) values of coordinates is crucial for CNC programming.
- 🔄 The script explains how moving in different directions from the origin results in different X and Y values.
- 🔺 Points in different quadrants have specific combinations of positive and negative X and Y values.
- 📈 The script uses an 8x8 square grid to illustrate how the position of the origin affects the coordinates of points.
- 🔄 It also demonstrates how shifting the grid to a different quadrant changes the X and Y values of the points.
- 🔱 The Z-axis is introduced as the third plane, adding depth to the two-dimensional X and Y plane.
- 🔩 The importance of determining the origin's location when setting up a part in the machine is emphasized.
- 🛠 The script concludes by setting the stage for the next video, which will discuss selecting coordinates for tool paths in milling.
Q & A
What is the purpose of the video series on CNC programming for the CNC mill?
-The purpose of the video series is to explain the basics of CNC programming, including the meaning of the coordinates (X, Y, Z), the G and M codes, and how to understand and create CNC programs.
What is the Cartesian coordinate system and how does it relate to CNC programming?
-The Cartesian coordinate system is a mathematical model used to define positions on a plane or in three-dimensional space. In CNC programming, it is used to determine the position of the tool relative to the part being machined, using X, Y, and Z axes.
What is the significance of positive and negative values in the Cartesian coordinate system as it pertains to CNC programming?
-Positive and negative values in the Cartesian coordinate system are crucial in CNC programming as they indicate the direction of movement along the X, Y, and Z axes. They help the CNC machine to know whether to move in a positive (right, up, or away from the origin) or negative (left, down, or towards the origin) direction.
How is the origin defined in the context of the video script?
-In the context of the video script, the origin is defined as the point where the X and Y axes intersect, with both X and Y values being zero. The origin serves as the reference point for all other coordinates in the CNC program.
What are the four quadrants of the Cartesian coordinate system and how do they affect the sign of the coordinates?
-The four quadrants of the Cartesian coordinate system are numbered I to IV. In quadrant I, both X and Y have positive values. In quadrant II, X is negative, and Y is positive. In quadrant III, both X and Y are negative. In quadrant IV, X is positive, and Y is negative. The quadrant in which a point lies determines the sign of its coordinates.
Why is it important to understand the placement of the origin in a CNC program?
-Understanding the placement of the origin is important because it determines the X and Y values and their signs. The origin's position affects how the CNC machine interprets the coordinates for tool movement, which in turn affects the machining process.
What is the Z axis in the context of a three-axis CNC mill, and how does it differ from the X and Y axes?
-The Z axis represents the height or depth in a three-axis CNC mill. It differs from the X and Y axes, which represent the horizontal and vertical positions on a plane, respectively. The Z axis allows the CNC machine to move the tool up and down, adding depth to the machining process.
How does the CNC machine interpret the movement of the tool in the Z axis?
-The CNC machine interprets movement in the Z axis as the tool moving towards or away from the workpiece. A positive Z value indicates the tool moving away from the workpiece, while a negative Z value indicates the tool moving towards the workpiece.
What is the significance of the Z axis in relation to the machining process?
-The Z axis is significant in the machining process as it allows for the creation of three-dimensional shapes. It controls the depth of cuts, the height of the workpiece, and the movement of the tool in the vertical direction.
How does the video script illustrate the importance of understanding the Cartesian coordinate system for CNC programming?
-The video script illustrates this by showing how the placement of the origin and the understanding of the quadrants affect the coordinates used in a CNC program. It uses an example of drilling holes in a block, demonstrating how the coordinates change based on the origin's location and the direction of the tool movement.
Outlines
📐 Introduction to CNC Programming and Cartesian Coordinates
This paragraph introduces the viewer to the basics of CNC programming, specifically focusing on understanding the Cartesian coordinate system as it relates to CNC milling. The speaker explains the concept of the X and Y axes, the origin point where both axes intersect, and how movement in different directions results in positive or negative values for each axis. The explanation includes the division of the coordinate plane into four quadrants, each with distinct rules for determining the sign of the coordinates based on their location. The importance of understanding these concepts is emphasized for interpreting CNC programs, which use these values to control machine movement.
🔍 Applying Cartesian Coordinates to CNC Milling Operations
In this paragraph, the application of the Cartesian coordinate system to a practical CNC milling scenario is discussed. The speaker uses an 8x8 square grid to represent a block with holes that need to be drilled, illustrating how the machine is instructed to locate these points in relation to the origin. The concept of shifting the origin to different quadrants and how it affects the X and Y values of the points is explained. Additionally, the introduction of the Z-axis is introduced to account for the depth or thickness of the material being machined, showing how the machine moves in positive and negative Z directions during the drilling process. The importance of correctly setting the origin and understanding the resulting coordinate values is highlighted for successful CNC operation.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡CNC programming
💡Cartesian coordinate system
💡Origin
💡Quadrants
💡Plus and minus values
💡X-axis and Y-axis
💡Z-axis
💡G-codes and M-codes
💡Milling
💡Coordinates
💡Drilling
Highlights
Introduction to CNC programming for beginners, explaining the meaning behind the coordinates and codes used in CNC mill programs.
Explanation of the Cartesian coordinate system and its relation to CNC programming.
Understanding the origin point and how it sets the reference for X and Y values in CNC programming.
Differentiation between positive and negative values in the X and Y axes based on the direction from the origin.
Division of the coordinate plane into four quadrants and the significance of each for determining coordinate signs.
Clarification on the omission of the plus sign in CNC programs when the value is positive.
Importance of correctly placing the minus sign for coordinates in different quadrants to ensure program accuracy.
Example of how points in different quadrants are assigned X and Y values with appropriate signs.
Illustration of a practical CNC mill scenario involving drilling holes in a block, demonstrating the application of coordinate understanding.
The impact of the origin's position on the X and Y values in a CNC program.
Introduction to the Z-axis and its role in adding depth to the CNC machining process.
Explanation of the Z-axis movement in terms of positive and negative directions during machining operations.
Visualization of how the Z-axis corresponds with the machine head's movement during the drilling process.
Understanding the significance of the Z-axis in determining the depth of cuts and the part's thickness.
Overview of the three axes that constitute a three-axis CNC mill and their relation to the Cartesian coordinate system.
Anticipation of the next video in the series, which will cover selecting coordinates for tool path planning in milling operations.
Transcripts
hello and thank you for watching basic
CNC programming for the CNC mill if
you've ever stood in front of a computer
screen or or a CNC mill and you you
watch the program run and you wonder
what it all means the x's and the Y's
and the G's and the M's then study out
these next few videos where I'll explain
what it all means so if that's of
interest of you then I'm going to go
into the very basics of how a program is
put together and where it all starts so
let's get your pen and paper out and
let's get
started all right so let's talk about
the cartisian coordinate system and how
it relates to CNC
programming all right as you can see I
have drawn two axes here a horizontal
axis being the xaxis and a
vertical line being the Y
AIS now there are points infinitely on
these x-axis in either direction and
also on the Y AIS and of course also
away from these axis anywhere in this
space now what we need to learn today is
depending on what direction we find
these points will either give this these
points A Plus or a minus value and that
is very important to understand because
when you look at a CNC program you'll
see plus and minus values and that is
what we're going to learn
here so where these two axis intersect
we'll call that the origin okay and at
that
point or at that intersection the X and
Y values are
zero
now when we move to the right of that
origin we'll go into an X Plus
direction we go to the left of that
origin we're going to an x minus
Direction when we go up from origin
we'll go into a y+ direction and if we
go down we'll go into a y minus
Direction all right so as you can see
these two lines kind of divide this area
up into four quadrants okay you got a
quadrant here which we'll call quadrant
one you got a quadrant here which we
call quadrant
2 three and
four now depending on which quadrant
we'll find these points and will
determine their plus and minus value all
right so for in instance we have a point
right here and as you can see it is kind
of in line with the three on the xaxis
and also three in line of the Y
AIS now that puts that number in a
quadrant
where all the values are Plus in X and
plus in y as you can see right here so
the X and Y value for that point right
there will be x +
3 y + 3 now right off the bat in CNC
programs if a value is plus there's no
need to put the plus sign next to it
however in this quadrant number two we
also have a point that is at a distance
away in x - 3 and y +
3
so now it is important that we put the
minus next to it so that's how the
program will know that this point is now
located in this quadrant okay so let's
look at quadrant number three again
we're at distance away -3 in X and then
-3 in y
so the x value will be Min -3 and the Y
will be Min -3 and so therefore we put a
minus next to it okay very
important so we got one left quadrant
number four any points found here we'll
have an
X+ value and then a y minus value so
that point is sitting at X3 remember
anything to the right is plus anything
below o the xaxis is
Yus again on this point right here
Quadrant
One X + Y + quadrant 2 x is - Y is plus
quadrant 3 x
-
y- Quadrant 4 x +
Yus so in this example you'll see how
this relates to a CNC mill program the
previous illustration we just drew these
points at a distance away from the
origin right now I've drawn a 8x8 square
and these points represent holes that
we're going to have to drill in a
block now we're telling the machine that
the origin or x0 y0 is in the center of
that
block and so we need to tell the machine
the
coordinates where these holes are going
to be drilled at and obviously this
Square spans all four quadrants so
therefore you're going to have plus and
minus
values and so here I think it's very
easy to see why it is important to
understand plus and minus values
depending on where the origin is located
now let's look what happens when we move
this whole square and move it in this
number one
quadrant all right so here you can see
we have shifted our 8x8 square all the
way into quadrant number
one but in essence we just told the
machine that instead of the origin being
in the middle we're putting it on the
lower left hand corner and so you can
see by looking at the the X and Y values
first of all they're both plus but
they're completely different from what
they were in the previous example and so
it's very important first of all that
when you set up a part in the machine
that you determine where the origin is
and that obviously is going to determine
the X and Y values and the plus and
minus all right so we have talked about
X and Y which which is a flat plane but
obviously there's a third plane which is
the Z plane and that's what we'll
discuss
next all right so here we're still
looking at our 8 by8 square in our X and
Y plane which is a flat plane but
obviously our block that we're going to
be Machining is uh it's got some
thickness so we're going to have to add
a another axis which will give it some
thickness so that will be the Z axis and
you can see it also has a plus and a
minus and that also corresponds with the
head on the machine when the holes are
drill the machine will be moving into a
z minus Direction and then when it
retracts to go back to its home position
it will move into a plus
Direction you can see here that the
bottom of the part is even with
-4 so and the top of the part is even
with the origin so that would be
z0 so here you've learned the three axis
that makes up a three axis C and C Mill
and how the plus and
minuses of the X and Y and Z relates to
the cartisian coordinate system so let's
move on to the next video and let's see
how we pick coordinates to descend line
of a tool as we Mill the outside shape
of this Square
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