Lecture 3 Being a Good Public Speaker
Summary
TLDRIn this lecture, Professor Akua introduces the fundamentals of public speaking, emphasizing that it is a skill that can be developed rather than an innate talent. She discusses key components such as drawing on conversational and writing skills, developing an effective oral style, and respecting differences. She illustrates her points with examples, including famous speakers like Martin Luther King Jr. and John F. Kennedy. The lecture also covers practical advice on speech preparation, audience analysis, and the importance of cultural awareness in effective communication.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ Public speaking is a skill that most people are not born with and must be developed over time.
- 🎓 There are exceptions like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy, who seemed to have a natural gift for public speaking.
- 📚 The lecture supplements the textbook and other course materials, emphasizing the importance of learning how to deliver a speech effectively.
- 🤝 A good public speaker utilizes conversational skills to engage the audience and make the speech sound natural rather than robotic.
- 📝 Composition skills are essential for public speaking; speakers should prepare full-sentence outlines to structure their speeches.
- 🎨 Developing an effective oral style is crucial, which includes the speaker's unique way of speaking and the vocabulary they use.
- 👁️ Demonstrating respect for differences is vital for public speakers, including cultural nuances and inclusive language.
- 👂 Listening and understanding the audience's needs and expectations is key to tailoring a speech effectively.
- 👀 Eye contact and acknowledging all parts of the audience are important to avoid making anyone feel slighted.
- 📑 Note cards are recommended for speeches to help with delivery without relying on reading from a full manuscript.
- 🔑 The four key hallmarks of a good public speaker are conversational skills, writing skills, an effective oral style, and respect for differences.
Q & A
What is the main topic of Lecture Three as presented by Professor Akua?
-The main topic of Lecture Three is public speaking, focusing on what it is and what it isn't, as well as the skills and attributes that contribute to effective public speaking.
According to Professor Akua, are people born with the ability to be excellent public speakers?
-Professor Akua states that most people are not born with the ability to be excellent public speakers, suggesting that it is a skill that must be developed over time, although there may be exceptions like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy.
What is an example of a skill set that a good public speaker should develop, as mentioned by Professor Akua?
-A good public speaker should develop conversational skills, writing skills, an effective oral style, and demonstrate respect for differences.
Why is it important for a public speaker to draw on their conversational skills?
-Drawing on conversational skills helps a speaker to come across as more engaging and relatable, making the speech sound less robotic and more like a natural interaction, which is more appealing to the audience.
How does Professor Akua suggest students prepare their speeches for the course?
-Students should prepare full-sentence outlines for their speeches, which will then be used to create supporting PowerPoint slides and note cards for their presentations.
Outlines
🎓 Introduction to Public Speaking Skills
Professor Aku starts Lecture Three by introducing the topic of public speaking, emphasizing that it's a skill that most people are not born with but can be developed over time. She mentions exceptions like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy, who seemed to possess a natural gift for oratory. The professor also highlights the importance of learning to be a public speaker, noting that it involves more than just speaking—it's about delivering a message effectively. She outlines the key hallmarks of a good public speaker, including conversational skills, writing skills, an effective oral style, and respect for differences, and hints at the importance of these points for future quizzes and tests.
🗣️ Enhancing Public Speaking Through Conversational Skills
In this paragraph, the focus shifts to the role of conversational skills in public speaking. Professor Aku explains that treating a public address as a conversation can help alleviate nerves and create a more engaging and charismatic presentation. She stresses the importance of audience analysis and topic selection from the previous lecture, noting that understanding the audience's knowledge level is crucial for crafting an effective speech. The professor also discusses the use of full-sentence outlines and note cards as tools for organizing and delivering speeches, rather than reading from a manuscript, to ensure a more natural and interactive speaking style.
✍️ Utilizing Writing Skills in Speech Composition
The professor discusses the importance of writing skills in the composition of speeches. She explains that public speaking involves preparing full-sentence outlines that include an introduction, body, and conclusion, with attention-grabbing elements and transition sentences. The outlines are then used to create supporting materials like PowerPoint presentations and note cards. The paragraph emphasizes the development of an effective oral style by considering one's lexicon, or personal way of speaking, and adapting it to be engaging and appropriate for the audience. The professor also shares personal anecdotes about her direct communication style and the need to adapt it based on the context and audience.
🌐 Respecting Cultural Differences in Public Speaking
In this paragraph, the professor underscores the importance of demonstrating respect for differences in public speaking. She uses a personal anecdote about a student, Priyanka, to illustrate the cultural nuances that can affect communication. The professor reflects on her mistake of not considering cultural norms when giving feedback, which led to an uncomfortable situation. This serves as a lesson on the importance of being aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, including non-verbal cues and communication styles, when addressing diverse audiences.
🔄 Recap of Key Components for Effective Public Speaking
The final paragraph of the script serves as a recap of the key components for being an effective public speaker. The professor reiterates the four main skills: leveraging conversational skills, utilizing writing skills, developing an effective oral style, and demonstrating respect for differences. She reminds students that these components are crucial for success in public speaking and that they will be covered in quizzes, tests, and exams. The professor concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding and applying these skills in the context of the 21st-century global audience.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Public Speaking
💡Communication
💡Conversational Skills
💡Writing Skills
💡Oral Style
💡Respect for Difference
Highlights
Public speaking is a skill that most people are not born with and must be developed over time.
Notable exceptions like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy seemed to have been born with a natural gift for public speaking.
Caroline Kennedy's example demonstrates that even children of great speakers may not inherit their skills.
Public speaking is a learnable skill set that involves delivering a message effectively.
Just because one speaks does not make them a public speaker; it's about the ability to engage and connect with an audience.
Good public speakers build upon four key hallmarks: conversational skills, writing skills, effective oral style, and respect for differences.
Conversational skills are crucial for making public speaking feel like a natural conversation rather than a robotic performance.
Understanding the audience is essential for crafting a speech that meets the needs of both novices and experts.
Writing skills are utilized in preparing full-sentence outlines for speeches, which are then used to create supporting materials.
Note cards are used for speeches instead of full manuscripts to encourage natural delivery and prevent reading verbatim.
Developing an effective oral style involves creating a unique way of speaking that resonates with the audience.
Speakers must be aware of cultural nuances and adapt their communication style to show respect for different cultural practices.
Inclusive language and behavior are vital for demonstrating respect for diversity among audience members.
The importance of eye contact varies across cultures and should be approached with cultural awareness.
The speaker's style should be effective in moving the audience and achieving the desired outcome, whether it's participation or action.
Speakers should be mindful of their use of fillers and strive for clarity and directness in their communication.
The lecture emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and development in the art of public speaking.
Upcoming lectures will cover the model of communication, further enhancing the understanding of effective public speaking.
Transcripts
hi this is professor akua and this is
lecture three now lecture three we are
now going to get into the meat of things
okay so the first thing we want to talk
about really is
public speaking what it is or what it
isn't uh talk about communication also
what it is and what it isn't so the
first thing I want to talk about and
this is I'm starting with chapter one
actually okay
and this will supplement the reading and
other assignments and activities and
quizzes that you'll have this is a
supplement so
one of the first things that I want you
to know about public speaking is that
public speaking
you're not born
with it
most people aren't born with it okay
most people are not born with the
ability to be excellent Orchards now I
believe that there are sometimes
exceptions to the rule
and for example I think that Dr Martin
Luther King Jr was an exception I think
that President John F Kennedy was also
an exception I think both of them were
really born with the gift
however what I also want you to know is
that you can become a good speaker
and it's interesting because there's a
video that I used to show of President
Kennedy's daughter Caroline Kennedy
and Caroline
to me was a horrible speaker
I don't know about now but in this
particular clip she was horrible
especially considering the fact that her
dad was President Kennedy and that he
was a great auditor it to me just proves
that you're not necessarily born with it
it's a skill that you have to work on
it's a skill that you have to develop
over time so learning to speak in public
and learning to be a public speaker and
again I'm coming from your in your
textbook it is something that you have
to learn how to deliver it is a skill
set that you can develop over time okay
and
just because one speaks does not make
them a public speaker in fact I noticed
that in your introduction speeches
several of you mentioned that you are
already public speakers
and so one of the assignments that we're
going to do really soon is we're going
to talk about what is everyone's current
previous past experience with public
speaking because
there are some things that
every public speaker needs to know yes
and so we are going to talk about those
really soon so one of the things that I
want to talk about today are some of the
things that help us to build our skill
set as public speakers
a good public speaker
I'm sorry you guys this little Nat fly
is still flying around here and I just I
don't know what to do
a good public speaker draws on several
things or utilizes several
existing skill sets so number one a good
public speaker draws on conversational
skills
this person draws on writing skills
this person develops an effective oral
Style
this person also demonstrates respect
for difference these are four key four
key Hallmarks of a good public speaker
please note that as I've mentioned
before I'm going to mention it now and I
will undoubtedly mention it again
everything that is covered in these
lectures is subject to appear
on a quiz a test or an exam so it is
important that you are watching these
videos and it is important that you're
taking notes in addition
to this I oftentimes embed the extra
credit opportunities into the lectures
so some of you will be looking around
and you're saying I didn't know that
there was an extra Credit Opportunity
usually it's because you're not watching
the lecture videos
so
when there are extra credit
opportunities
they will be embedded into the lectures
so that's all I can say so a word to the
wise as my mentor said is always
sufficient so let's proceed so these
four Hallmarks demonstrating respect for
difference drawing on one's existing
composition skills writing skills
developing an effective oral style and
drawing on your conversational skills
are things that are going to help you to
be a better public speaker to better
address an audience
now
along with these four Hallmarks comes
you know how we get how we get it done
okay so let's talk about it
drawing on your conversational skill
It is believed that one of the ways that
a speaker becomes better is to see a
public address as simply a conversation
what often happens is that people are in
a position where they have to address an
audience and now their nerves are out of
control they are
they lack confidence in their ability to
execute they think they're going to
forget something they think that they're
going to say something off
color and while all those things are
possible
some of that anxiety has come because
you've placed this speaking
requirement or moment in some separate
category outside of conversation
no one as an audience member no one
wants to listen to a speaker who sounds
robotic
who sounds stiff
we want speakers who are engaging who
are uh charismatic we want speakers to
keep us on the edge of our seat we want
speakers who write us up we want
speakers with whom we can connect we
want speakers who help us to make sense
of the information especially if it's
something that's kind of above our heads
we want speakers who who we can relate
to easily
all of this comes by way of treating
that public address as an opportunity to
have a conversation
so you want to build on lean on drop
upon or rely on your conversational
skills
I hope that makes sense
okay
part of relying on that conversational
skill goes back to lecture two wherein
we discussed audience analysis and and
topic selection
you have to know a little bit of
something about your audience in order
to Be an Effective public speaker
do they already know the information
that you're providing are they already
seasoned professionals experts in that
field or are they novice and they've
never heard most of the information
before that you're going to be sharing
what if both of those types of people
are in the room then you have to craft
a lecture craft a presentation that
meets the needs of the novice and of the
expert if they're both sitting in your
room
as you are preparing your speech okay
also you will draw on your skills and
composition
this simply means that you're going to
be writing now for this course you are
not writing an essay per se but you will
write your speeches you will prepare
full sentence outlines for your speeches
full sentence outlines you guys you will
use those to prepare for you prepare
your speeches and then
the full sentence outline
you will then
create a PowerPoint that supports it and
you will also create note cards that are
taken from the outline and it's the no
cards that you will use in order to give
your speech it just so happens where I'm
sitting there there's a set of note
cards here oh no
so see you'll just be using regular note
cards you can use three by five or four
by six that's going to be left to you to
decide but see just regular note cards
here
um you know just
regular
note cards just
regular coupons so you'll be taking your
outline and then you'll be preparing
note cards for the purpose of this class
you will not be reading from a full
manuscript you will not be typing out an
outline or an essay and then just
reading it off the paper you will be
using note cards and in those videos
that you're going to record I'll expect
to see note cards in your hands and not
manuscripts also to the point that
someone mentioned in the introduction
videos
I don't recall who at the time
but you're not going to be doing
anything from memory you're not going to
be committing these speeches to memory
so you don't have to worry about
forgetting necessarily what to say
because again you will have your
that's right note cards in your hand
when it's time to present
so again as a speaker you are going to
be relying upon your composition skills
and so you will be considering your
topic you will be preparing an outline
excuse me which deals with your
organizational skills and in writing and
you will be preparing introduction of
body and a conclusion you will have an
attention getter you will also have
transition sentences throughout to tie
all the pieces together you guys notice
how I'm using my hand you will have
transition sentences throughout to tie
the pieces together they tie the pieces
together and so again all of that is
using your existing compositional
writing skills okay
next
a public speaker a good public speaker
is developing an effective oral style
each of us have what we call a lexicon
okay Alexa con is your kind of personal
um
unique way of speaking your personal
unique way of speaking and that includes
your style of speech the types of words
that you use it's really heavy on the
types of words that you use which
vocabulary you pull from in order to
speak
and each of us have it again going back
to the example of Dr Martin Luther King
Jr Dr King had a style yes if I could
just sit here today and say
excuse me you guys all the time I don't
know if I were to sit here and say I
have a dream one day it's not just
because I said I have a dream which is
classic Dr King it is also that style
that he had in his oratory
presentations you will find that style
throughout his career even when he
wasn't doing the guy have a green the
mountaintops you'll find that or
one can say his style was very
reminiscent of an old school Southern
Baptist preacher back in the 1950s and
60s because that's what it sounded a lot
of like
um
so each of us develop our own style
we have to be careful that it is an
effective style the style that moves the
crowd the style that gets people going
the style that gets us the um
results that we're looking for
participation or action whatever it is
we have to know and develop our own
stylists my style is very direct I don't
get around the bush frequently I I
communicate very directly I say what I
mean I mean what I say
excuse me I don't know what's going on
um
but I also know that in speaking so
directly that sometimes I have to
reconsider if speaking so directly is
going to be successful for me in
particular circumstances and scenarios I
have to consider that so
some of the words that I use very
frequently if I'm being honest that's
like my catchphrase that's something
that I use frequently I do use fillers
just like everyone else I don't use them
as much today as I did
35 years ago
or 40 years ago I don't use them as
frequently but I do use them
sorry
sorry in your
in creating your effective oral Style
it also means again that you are
considering your audience and what their
needs are what their expectations are as
audience members for you for example
let's say you wanted to borrow money
from a relative okay and let's say
this relative like me
values
let's say this relative like me values
direct communication okay
what would happen if you if the relative
wanted to if you wanted to borrow money
from the relative or for me you know and
you came in with hey professor how you
doing how's the family how's work how
your classes how's the semester you know
when was the last time you took a cruise
how was Florida how's your family
someone like me who values very direct
communication
might not like that approach
because after you've said all that then
you're going to ask me can you borrow
money which is the reason you called
anyway
someone like me who values very direct
and honest and over communication I
would prefer
excuse me
I would prefer that you just ask for the
money first
tell me that you're calling because you
need to borrow money let's discuss that
first and then we can talk about the
family the job the cruising the holiday
the vacation the friends the event so
whatever else it is that we have to
possibly discuss I value that very
direct upfront open communication now
someone else
made value
more emotional communication that allows
you or requires you first to inquire
about their well-being the well-being of
the family the work the home the most
recent activities Etc and then
ask for the money
neither approach is wrong or right
however
your ability to Be an Effective
communicator and to do the style that
your audience needs or requires is
important to your success to be able to
secure the thing that you're looking for
yes I hope that makes sense
okay and then finally of course I want
you to remember that
effective public speakers or good public
speakers demonstrate respect for
difference
knowing that it's okay to feel to think
differently than others including your
audience is important
knowing to respect all of the players of
all the people in the room or at the
table is critically important using
language that is inclusive of everyone
is important
something even as simple as
looking at various sides of the room
sometimes the speed can focus on one
side of the room maybe right in front of
them because they're nervous but then
they never look over to the right they
never look over to the left and those
members could feel slighted in that
experience and so you always want to
address your audience right you want to
address your audience left and as well
as the center you always want to
consider the differences in the room you
want to speak to different experiences
wherein others can see themselves and
some of the examples that you render
when you are making a speech respecting
the cultural differences and nuances is
important for example
my very first year teaching full-time
it was Speech day and I had these two
students who were participating it was a
group it was a group speech assignment
and I had these two students who were
together
Rhonda and Priyanka
and
Priyanka
her voice was so
soft and Light
it was very difficult to hear her
even in a room where it was totally
silent and she was the only one speaking
at the moment it was still very
difficult to hear her and so as I was
giving each pair of student each group
feedback
excuse me
I mentioned to Priyanka that she needed
to speak louder
that she needs to speak more loudly that
she needed to raise her voice that she
needed to project more I did you know I
said all that and the next thing you
know
I also noticed that Priyanka was not
looking at me when I was speaking to her
and
all of my training went totally out the
window at that moment and mind you my
masters is in Multicultural
communication and I took Intercultural
communication courses as well as an
undergrad interpersonal and all those
things are very heavily influenced
culture courses yes as well as in my
masters so I know better I know better
but it had left my head and before I
knew it I said to her Priyanka I'm
speaking to you look at me why are you
looking at the ground I'm speaking to
you and next thing you know Bianca began
to cry
foreign
she began to cry right in front of me
and in front of her classmate at the
time she was only with the young woman
that she presented because she wasn't in
front of the rest of the class
you guys
I felt so badly
I felt so badly because I had done
something to make her cry and I had not
considered the simple fact
that looking down culturally for her
was a way to show respect to me as her
professor
but as you know in the U.S this notion
of looking at people when they're
speaking to you is a privileged way of
communicating by privileged I mean it's
the way that we in the U.S tend to
expect people to do yes and when they
don't do that we put all kinds of labels
on why they aren't doing it
disrespectful they're lying they're not
trustworthy Etc in fact for her
culturally she was showing a sign of
deference and respect by looking down as
I was
um
reprimanding or correcting her behavior
if you will so again if I had that to do
over I would not dare say to her hey why
are you not looking at me I'm speaking
to you I would simply say I would ask
her does she understand what I mean when
I say she needs to project her voice and
I would even ask her is it something
that she thinks that she can do
growth is amazing and being aware of the
cultural uh nuances and the cultural
ways of living and being of other people
is highly important it always has been
but even more so now in the 21st century
so these have been some highlights of
what it means to be a public speaker in
lecture four we're going to talk about
the model of communication okay you guys
I hope you've enjoyed this one there are
four
key components of what it means to be a
good speaker these days yes
yes four key components of four skills
you're going to draw on your existing
conversational skills you're going to
draw on your writing skills you're going
to develop an effective oil style and
you are going to demonstrate respect for
difference
again as my mentor always told me a word
to the wise is always sufficient
everything in lecture is subject to
appear on a quiz test or exam all right
you guys have a great day
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