Apa itu filosofi pendidikan? Yuk simak artinya menurut Ki Hadjar Dewantara | Sekolah Guru Kebinekaan
Summary
TLDRThe video script introduces Ki Hajar Dewantara, the father of Indonesian education, and his philosophy on education. It highlights his inspiration from educators like Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, and his introduction of the 'Among' system in Tamansiswa, which promotes freedom in learning. The script emphasizes the importance of independence and humanity in education, the role of educators as facilitators, and the significance of three educational centers: nature, family, and school. It also discusses the need for cultural continuity and convergence in the face of change, aiming to guide children towards the highest possible safety and happiness.
Takeaways
- 📚 Ki Hajar Dewantara is revered as the 'Father of Indonesian Education' and the founder of Tamansiswa, emphasizing the importance of freedom and humanity in education.
- 🌱 Born as Raden Mas Suwardi Suryaningrat, he was an activist in the educational, cultural, and political spheres, contributing to organizations like Budi Utomo and Indiseparti.
- ✍️ His writings were influential and sharp, leading to his exile to the Netherlands where he continued to write and learn about journalism, theater, and pedagogy.
- 🌟 Ki Hajar Dewantara was inspired by the educational philosophies of Friedrich Fröbel, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, incorporating their concepts into his vision for education.
- 🏡 The 'Taman Siswa' system introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized the 'Among' system, providing children with the freedom to learn and teachers acting as facilitators.
- 💡 The core ideas of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy are freedom and humanity, aiming to cultivate independent thinkers and doers.
- 👨👩👧👦 Education involves collaboration between three key environments: nature, family, and school, all of which are crucial for the holistic development of a child.
- 🌱 He believed that education should encompass teaching, upbringing, and culture, with the ultimate goal of empowering individuals with knowledge and skills for life.
- 🌼 Education is seen as a place for the germination of cultural seeds, enhancing the value of humanity through the development of refined thought, sensitivity, and strong will.
- 🌐 Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational ideas are rooted in the love for the homeland and the cultural heritage, promoting an education that liberates and humanizes.
- 🔄 The teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara are still relevant today, as he acknowledged the dynamic nature of culture and the need for adaptation to changing times while preserving humanistic values.
Q & A
Who is Indah Novrida Manurung and what is her role in the video?
-Indah Novrida Manurung is the host of the educational video, guiding the audience through the philosophy of education with a focus on the teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
What is Ki Hajar Dewantara known for in the context of Indonesian education?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara is known as the 'Father of Education' in Indonesia, the founder of Tamansiswa, and a descendant of the three noble families of Java: Tut, Wuri Handayani, and Ertosun Tulodo.
What were Ki Hajar Dewantara's early life activities and how did they shape his educational philosophy?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara was initially involved in the Budi Utomo and Indiseparti organizations, writing sharp articles in various newspapers. His writings led to his exile to the Netherlands, where he continued to write and learn about journalism, theater, and pedagogy, which influenced his educational philosophy.
Which three educational figures influenced Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts on education?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara was influenced by the thoughts of Fredrik Robbal, the proponent of the 'Taman Kanak-Kanak' (Children's Garden), Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, who inspired the concepts of play, learning, and the Shantiniketan model, respectively.
Can you explain the 'Among' system introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara in Tamansiswa?
-The 'Among' system is an educational approach introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara in Tamansiswa that emphasizes freedom for children to learn. The teacher's role is to facilitate, acting as a guide or 'Pamong' rather than a dictator of knowledge.
What are the key concepts of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy?
-The key concepts of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy include freedom and humanity. He believed in educating children to be free thinkers and doers, with educators serving as examples and supporters rather than enforcers of their will.
According to the script, what are the three centers of education that are crucial for a child's development?
-The three centers of education that are crucial for a child's development, as mentioned in the script, are the natural environment, the family environment, and the school environment. All three need to work in harmony for the best interests of the child.
What is the broader scope of education according to Ki Hajar Dewantara's philosophy?
-According to Ki Hajar Dewantara, education is not limited to teaching; it encompasses teaching, upbringing, and culture. Its purpose is to provide children with sufficient knowledge and skills for life and to liberate them from ignorance.
How does Ki Hajar Dewantara view the role of culture in education?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara sees culture as an integral part of education, serving as a place for the germination of cultural seeds. He believes that cultural education elevates human values and is essential for a liberated and humanizing education.
What is the relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara's teachings in today's world, and how do they address change?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara's teachings remain relevant as they emphasize the importance of adapting to change while maintaining the core human values. He encourages embracing the inevitable changes of time and culture, ensuring that the essence of humanity is preserved.
What are the terms 'Kodrat Alam' and 'Kodrat Zaman' as mentioned in the script, and how do they relate to education?
-In the script, 'Kodrat Alam' refers to the natural form and characteristics of culture, which can vary by location, while 'Kodrat Zaman' refers to the content and rhythm of culture, influenced by the times. Education should ensure the continuity, convergence, and centricity of these aspects, guiding children to achieve the highest level of safety and happiness.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Ki Hajar Dewantara's Educational Philosophy
The first paragraph introduces Indah Novrida Manurung, the host of the educational session, who will guide the audience through the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara, an influential figure in Indonesian education. The paragraph explores his background, including his role as an activist, educator, and cultural figure. It mentions his involvement with organizations like Budi Utomo and Indiseparti, and his writings that led to his exile by the Dutch. The influence of educational thinkers like Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore on his ideas is highlighted. The paragraph also discusses the 'Taman Siswa' concept, where Ki Hajar Dewantara introduced the 'Among' system, emphasizing freedom in learning and the role of the teacher as a facilitator rather than an enforcer. The core ideas of freedom and humanity in education are underscored, along with the importance of three educational centers: family, school, and social movements, all of which should collaborate for the child's benefit.
🌟 The Dynamic Nature of Culture and Education
The second paragraph delves into Ki Hajar Dewantara's views on the dynamic nature of culture and the inevitability of change. It discusses the transition period we are currently in and the emotional responses to the disappearance of old habits and the emergence of new ones. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of adapting to change and the need to maintain the essence of humanity in culture, regardless of the era. The concepts of 'kodrat alam' (natural destiny) and 'kodrat zaman' (temporal destiny) are introduced to differentiate between the form and nature of culture, which can vary by location, and the content and rhythm of culture, which is influenced by the times. The paragraph concludes with the purpose of education, which is to guide the innate potential in children to achieve the highest level of safety and happiness, and the responsibility of educators in contributing to this noble goal.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Filosofi Pendidikan
💡Ki Hajar Dewantara
💡Taman Siswa
💡Sistem Among
💡Kebudayaan
💡Kemanusiaan
💡Pamong
💡Maria Montessori
💡Rabindranath Tagore
💡Kodrat Alam
💡Kodrat Zaman
Highlights
Introduction to Ki Hajar Dewantara, known as the Father of Indonesian Education.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's early life and his birth name, Raden Mas Suwardi Suryaningrat.
His role as an activist in education, culture, and journalism, and his influence through writing.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's exile to the Netherlands and his continued activism and learning.
Influences on his educational philosophy from Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore.
The concept of 'Taman Siswa' and the 'Among' system, emphasizing freedom in learning.
The role of the teacher as a facilitator or 'Pamong' in the 'Among' system.
The importance of freedom and humanity in Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy.
The idea of educating to create free thinkers and doers.
The three centers of education important for children: nature, family, and school.
The collaborative role of youth in the educational process.
The comprehensive nature of education, including teaching, education, and culture.
Education's purpose to liberate and cultivate moral and ethical values in individuals.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy rooted in cultural heritage and patriotism.
The relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara's teachings in the context of societal changes and cultural dynamics.
The concept of 'kodrat' (destiny) in relation to culture and time, and its implications for education.
The importance of maintaining humanity in the face of inevitable change.
The principles of continuity, convergence, and centripetal force in education and cultural adaptation.
The ultimate goal of education to guide individuals towards the highest level of safety and happiness.
The responsibility of educators in contributing to the lofty goals of education.
Closing remarks emphasizing the importance of teaching, educating, and presenting a liberating and humanizing culture.
Transcripts
Hai
[Musik]
selamat datang di sekolah guru
kebhinekaan saya Indah Novrida Manurung
teman belajar anda di perjumpaan ini
kita akan belajar bersama tentang
Filosofi pendidikan
kita akan menggali ajaran bapak
pendidikan Indonesia Ki Hajar Dewantara
kita mulai dari pertanyaan ini
apa yang teman-teman ketahui tentang Ki
Hajar Dewantara
mungkin jawaban yang terlintas adalah
Bapak Pendidikan
pendiri Tamansiswa
keturunan ningrat tiga serangkai Tut
Wuri Handayani dan menteri pendidikan
pertama
[Musik]
apalagi
terlahir dengan nama Raden Mas Suwardi
Suryaningrat
Hai Ia adalah seorang aktivis pergerakan
aktivis Pendidikan dan aktifis
Kebudayaan
kiprahnya dimulai dengan bergiat di
organisasi Budi Utomo dan indiseparti
serta menulis di berbagai suratkabar
tulisannya yang tajam membuat ia dibuang
ke Belanda di tempat pengasingan Ia
tetap aktif menulis juga belajar tentang
jurnalistik seni drama dan ilmu mengajar
saat belajar tentang pendidikan dan
pengajaran Ia banyak dipengaruhi oleh
pemikiran tiga tokoh pendidikan yaitu
fredrik Robbal penggagas Taman
kanak-kanak Maria Montessori dan
rabindranath tagore
konsep bermain dari frobel pelajaran
pancaindra dari Maria Montessori dan
model shantiniketan rabindranath tagore
menjadi inspirasi saat di kemudian hari
Ki Hajar Dewantara Yang menggagas
perguruan Tamansiswa
[Musik]
di Tamansiswa Kihajar memperkenalkan
sistem Among yang memberikan kemerdekaan
bagi anak untuk belajar peran guru
adalah sebagai Pamong atau fasilitator
[Musik]
[Musik]
kemerdekaan dan kemanusiaan merupakan
gagasan pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara
dalam sistem Among anak didik menjadi
manusia yang merdeka artinya Merdeka
pikirannya dan Merdeka tenaganya lalu
Dimana posisi pendidik i
ertosun tulodo di depan memberi teladan
ing Madyo Mangun Karso di tengah terus
berprakarsa dan Tut Wuri Handayani
mendukung dan mendorong peserta didik
terus maju
mendidik adalah menuntun bukan
memaksakan kehendak pendidik kepada
anak-anak
kihajardewantara menyebutnya berhamba
pada anak
tetapi Siapakah yang bertanggung jawab
terhadap pendidikan
[Musik]
ada tiga pusat pendidikan yang amat
penting bagi anak yaitu alam keluarga
alam perguruan dan alam pergerakan
Pemuda ketiganya perlu bekerjasama untuk
kepentingan terbaik anak pendidikan itu
luas didalamnya mencakup pengajaran
Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pengajaran
hanya sebagian dari pendidikan tujuannya
agar anak memiliki pengetahuan dan Kapan
yang cukup untuk hidup
jika pengajaran memerdekakan manusia
atas hidup lahirnya pendidikan
dimaksudkan memerdekakan manusia atas
hidup batinnya didalamnya ada budi
pekerti yang ditampakkan melalui
tajamnya pikiran halusnya rasa dan
kuatnya kemauan pendidikan adalah tempat
persemaian benih benih kebudayaan
pendidikan kebudayaan adalah pendidikan
yang mempertinggi nilai kemanusiaan
pendidikan yang digagas oleh Ki Hajar
Dewantara juga digali dari akar budaya
dan kecintaan pada tanah air
pendidikan yang memerdekakan dan
memanusiakan
Maria Montessori rabbit granat tagore
bahkan pernah datang ke Yogyakarta untuk
mendalami apa yang diterapkan di
Tamansiswa
pertanyaan yang sering kami terima masih
relevankah ajaran Ki Hajar Dewantara ini
hai
bagi ke Hajar Dewantara banyak hal yang
bisa berubah dan perlu berubah karena
kebudayaan tidak statis ia mengatakan
kita saat ini hidup di masa transisi
disekitar kita perubahan sedang terjadi
hilangnya kebiasaan lama membuat kita
sedih namun disaat yang lain hal-hal
baru itu membawa kebahagiaan kadang kita
menempatkan diri melawan perubahan
kebiasaan
tetapi di saat lain kita juga pergi dari
kebiasaan yang sudah kuno itu
lambat laun kita akan menyadari bahwa
Percuma saja untuk melawan apa yang
tidak bisa dia lakukan dan bagaimana
semua itu datang pada waktunya lalu
kemudian kita akan berekonsiliasi dengan
diri sendiri terhadap apa yang tidak
bisa dihindari karena kita tahu yang dan
bukan pilihan kita tetapi memang betul
itu kebutuhan kita
ada yang disebut kodrat alam dan ada
yang disebut kodrat zaman kodrat alam
meliputi bentuk dan sifat bentuk
kebudayaan bisa berbeda sesuai tempat
dimana kita ada tetapi sifat kebudayaan
seharusnya tetap dan universal yaitu
kemanusiaan
kodrat zaman meliputi isi dan irama isi
kebudayaan dipengaruhi oleh pengaruh
zaman yang ditempati begitupun Irama
kebudayaan menyesuaikan dengan cara
menggunakan unsur kebudayaan pada zaman
itu
perubahan tak terelakkan tapi pastikan
sifat kemanusiaan tetap dipertahankan
dan ingat prinsip ini ketika perubahan
terjadi
kontinuitas konvergensi konsentris
kontinuitas
ngerti tetap ada kesinambungan dengan
apa yang kita miliki
konvergensi berarti mengarah sifat
universal yaitu kemanusiaan
konsentris berarti memiliki pusat yang
sama namun tetap menghargai dinamika dan
kekhasan masing-masing
tujuan dari dilakukannya proses
pendidikan adalah untuk menuntun segala
kekuatan kodrat yang ada pada anak-anak
agar mereka sebagai manusia dan sebagai
anggota masyarakat dapat mencapai
keselamatan dan kebahagiaan yang
setinggi-tingginya Sudahkah keselamatan
dan kebahagiaan anak menjadi perhatian
kita sebagai pendidik
selamat mengajar mendidik dan
menghadirkan kebudayaan yang
memerdekakan dan memanusiakan peserta
didik dalam hal ini pendidikan memiliki
andil untuk berkontribusi terhadap
pencapaian cita-cita Luhur tersebut
Terima kasih salam keragaman
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